著者
長谷川 史明
出版者
関西法政治学研究会
雑誌
憲法論叢 (ISSN:1343635X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, pp.133-151, 2006

Although Western constitutionalism has little to do with a written constitution, since the Meiji Era constitutional theorists in Japan have concentrated their studies mainly on the written constitutional Code or documents. So, it tends to overlooked that modern constitutionalism originated in medieval constitutional thought, especially Christian doctrines and the rule of law tradition. I think that the following two stands form the central factors of the Western constitutionalism. First, arbitrary power-exercised by the power-holders should be denied and rejected. And secondly, in order to restrict the exercise of such arbitrary power, the rule of law should be available and applied. In this essay, I concentrate my attention on the Western characteristic Weltanschauung or Ontologie, that is to say, "All things are created by the Creator", and attempt to point out that Roman Catholic Church offered a notion of the separation of the power-holder and the decision-maker. And probably, this notion is one of the basic ideas that Western constitutionalism contains.
著者
中野 幹生 能勢 隆 田口 亮 水谷 了 中村 友昭 船越 孝太郎 長谷川 雄二 鳥井 豊隆 岩橋 直人 長井 隆行
出版者
人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会全国大会論文集 (ISSN:13479881)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, 2009

発話と画像情報を入力として,物の名前を覚えるロボットが研究されているが, 名前を覚えさせるモードをあらかじめ設定しておかなくてはならなかったり, 名前を覚えさせる発話のパタンが決まっていたりした.本稿では,さまざまな ドメインの対話を行うことができ,対話の途中で物の名前を教示する発話を聞 くと学習を行うことができるロボットのアーキテクチャとその実装について述 べる.
著者
長谷川 勉 坂根 茂幸 佐藤 知正
出版者
日本ロボット学会
雑誌
日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.1, pp.112-121, 1991-02-15 (Released:2010-08-25)
参考文献数
31
被引用文献数
9
著者
長谷川 公一
出版者
日本社会学会
雑誌
社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.3, pp.308-316, 2014 (Released:2015-12-31)
参考文献数
5

第18回世界社会学会議は, 2014年7月13日から19日まで, 横浜市のパシフィコ横浜を会場に開催され, 無事終了した. 国際社会学会の世界社会学会議 (World Congress of Sociology) は4年に1度開催される社会学界最大の学術イベントである. 本稿では, 組織委員会委員長というホスト国側の責任者の立場からこの会議の経過と意義を振り返り, 本大会の成果を今後に引き継ぐための課題を提起したい.1960年代以来, 長い間先送りされてきた世界社会学会議の開催がなぜ2014年大会の招致というかたちで実現したのか, その背景は何だったのか. 開催都市に横浜を選んだのはなぜか. 組織委員会をどのように構成したのか. 世界社会学会議横浜大会は, これまでの世界社会学会議と比べてどのような特徴をもつのか. 組織委員会として, 組織委員長として, どのような課題に直面し, 腐心したのか. 横浜大会の成果と意義は何か. 横浜大会はどのような意味で「成功」といえるのか. 横浜大会の成果を, 研究者個々人が, また日本社会学会がどのように継承していくべきかを考察する. 日本の社会学の国際化・国際発信の重要なワンステップではあるが, 横浜大会は決してゴールではない. 日本社会学会は, 日本の社会学の国際的な発信を, 引き続き組織的にバックアップしていくべきである.
著者
上林 孝豊 柳原 一広 宮原 亮 板東 徹 長谷川 誠紀 乾 健二 和田 洋巳
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本呼吸器外科学会
雑誌
日本呼吸器外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:09190945)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.5, pp.566-569, 2003-07-15 (Released:2010-06-28)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
2

目的・対象: 当院で手術を施行し, 病理組織学的に肺カルチノイドと診断された20症例 (定型15例, 非定型5例) の臨床的検討を行った.結果: 定型, 非定型の5年生存率は, それぞれ86.6%, 60%であった.定型の1期症例は術式に関わらず全例, 無再発で生存中である.非定型は全例, 葉切除および肺門縦隔リンパ節郭清が行われていた.1期3症例は, いずれも無再発で生存中であるが, T2N2のIIIA期症例, T4NOのIIIB期症例は, 集学的治療にも関わらずそれぞれ術後10ヵ月後, 61ヵ月後に遠隔転移にて癌死した.定型では観察期間1~250ヵ月間 (平均観察期間72.8ヵ月) において, 5年生存率は86.6%であった.非定型では観察期間10~251ヵ月間 (平均観察期間121, 4ヵ月) において5年生存率は60%であった.まとめ: T2の定型カルチノイドに対する縮小手術の可能が示唆された.またIII期以上の非定型カルチノイドに対しては有効な集学的治療の確立が望まれる.
著者
山下 哲央 岡田 知己 松澤 暢 長谷川 昭
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地震学会
雑誌
地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.4, pp.457-469, 2004-03-25 (Released:2010-03-11)
参考文献数
38
被引用文献数
2

We estimated the scaling relation, i. e. MO (seismic moment)-fC (corner frequency) relation, of small to moderate-sized earthquakes east off northeastern Japan. We used spectral ratio method to accurately estimate fC from observed spectra of earthquakes. We calculated spectral ratios of all the event pairs with spatial separations less than the hypocenter location errors, and estimated fC values by fitting them with theoretical spectral ratios. Seismic moments were estimated from the JMA (Japan Meteorological Agency) magnitudes. We also estimated spatial variation of the scaling relation along the plate boundary of the subduction zone. Obtained scaling relation was compared with the scaling law derived by Nadeau and Johnson (1998) in which seismic coupling coefficient was assumed to be 100%. Obtained MO-fC samples are somewhat scattered and the distribution range corresponds to seismic coupling coefficients of 1 to 100%. The range corresponds to stress drops of 0.1 to 10MPa. Regional variations of stress drops are also observed. In particular, lower stress drops are estimated in and around the fault area of the 1896 Sanriku tsunami earthquake. Higher stress drops are obtained for the deeper portion (deep thrust zone) of the plate boundary. This tendency of higher stress drops for deeper events can be explained by the difference in physical properties (i. e., rigidity) which depend on depth. The MO-fC relation also varies along the arc. Areas with higher stress drops are distributed in and around the asperities of some large earthquakes. These events with higher stress drops might occur off the plate boundary and/or on the plate boundary in and around the asperities.
著者
有吉 慶介 松澤 暢 矢部 康男 長谷川 昭 加藤 尚之
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地震学会
雑誌
地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.4, pp.309-324, 2007-03-25 (Released:2013-08-05)
参考文献数
48

A two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulation of seismic cycles on the plate boundary in a subduction zone is performed based on a rate- and state-dependent friction law to obtain insight into complicated cycle of interplate earthquakes off Miyagi Prefecture and to investigate possible precursory sliding behavior. Assuming that the complexity of seismic cycle such as the off Miyagi Prefecture Earthquake is mainly due to the heterogeneity of frictional properties, we divide the plate boundary into five segments along dip direction: three frictionally stable segments and two (shallower and deeper) seismogenic segments are placed alternately. From many trial simulation results, we find that the frictional parameters (b-a)and dc in the deeper seismogenic segment should be smaller than those in the shallower segment in order to generate earthquakes in the deeper segment more frequently than in the shallower segment. The simulation results show that preseismic, coseismic, and postseismic slip in a seismogenic segment tends to become larger when it occurs just after the earthquake in the other seismogenic segment, because the previous earthquake in the other seismogenic segment keeps on forward slip through the intermediate aseismic segment. We also find that the stress rate in the down-dip direction in the vicinity of the lower edge of the deeper seismogenic segment is compressional for the period of about one year prior to the occurrence of the earthquake in the segment while it is tensional prior to the event in the shallower segment. This result suggests that seismic activity change in a slab can be a clue to the intermediate-term prediction of large interplate earthquakes.
著者
海野 徳仁 河野 俊夫 岡田 知己 中島 淳一 松澤 暢 内田 直希 長谷川 昭 田村 良明 青木 元
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地震学会
雑誌
地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.4, pp.325-337, 2007-03-25 (Released:2013-08-05)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
1 5

Hypocenters of the main shocks and aftershocks of the 1933 Mjma 7.1, 1936 Mjma 7.4, 1937 Mjma 7.1, 1939 Mjma 6.9, 1978 Mjma 7.4, and 1981 Mjma 7.0 Miyagi-oki, NE Japan, earthquakes are relocated by using S-P times reported in the Seismological Bulletin of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and those re-read from original smoked-paper seismograms observed at Mizusawa station of National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) and at Mukaiyama station of Tohoku University. In order to avoid large errors caused by inaccuracies in the arrival times of P- and S-waves and the limited number of observation stations, we determined hypocenters by using a grid search method based on the assumption that these events occurred at the boundary between the subducting Pacific plate and the overriding plate. The main shock epicenters of the 1933, 1936, 1937, and 1978 earthquakes are determined close to each other, and distributions of their aftershocks show that aftershock areas of 1933, 1936, and 1937 events partly overlap with that of the 1978 event and occupy its easternmost, central, and westernmost portions, respectively. It is likely that the 1933, 1936, and 1937 events possibly ruptured a part of the source area of the 1978 event, that is the eastern, central, and western portions, respectively. Locations of the main shock and aftershock area of the 1939 event are adjacent to the eastern edge of the source area of 1978 event. After the 1978 event, the 1981 earthquake had occurred there following the slip on the asperities in the presumed Miyagi-oki earthquake source area.
著者
内田 直希 松澤 暢 三浦 哲 平原 聡 長谷川 昭
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地震学会
雑誌
地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.4, pp.287-295, 2007-03-25 (Released:2013-08-05)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
4

Spatio-temporal distribution of quasi-static slip on the plate boundary east off Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures, NE Honshu, Japan is estimated by using small repeating earthquake data. The analysis of small repeating earthquakes has advantages of relatively high spatial resolution, especially near the trench, and the availability of long-term data (22 years) compared to GPS data. The results show that the repeating earthquakes are distributed outside the coseismic slip areas (asperities) of large earthquakes, showing that fault creep is dominant outside the asperities. The cumulative slip (slip histories) of small repeating earthquake groups reveal the existence of many non-steady aseismic slip events. Most of the episodic quasi-static slip events are associated with M≥ 6 earthquakes and they are frequently seen in the areas near the Japan trench in particular. Minor afterslip (∼15cm) of the 2005 Miyagi-oki earthquake (M7.2) is also estimated in the area which encompasses the coseismic slip area of the 2005 earthquake.
著者
堀内 茂木 松澤 暢 長谷川 昭
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地震学会
雑誌
地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.2, pp.241-254, 1999-10-20 (Released:2010-03-11)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
2

Many earthquakes occur after a destructive shallow earthquake or before a volcanic eruption. It is very important to determine accurate hypocenters as early as possible at a time of such a huge seismic activity, since seismicity data are essential for the understanding of the crustal activity. We developed an automatic data processing system of seismic waves which has a swarm mode processing and can locate accurate hypocenters even for a huge seismicity. The main difference between the swarm and ordinary modes is that the former assumes hypocenters for all events to be in a small area. Event detection is made by estimating approximate origin times calculated from each picked arrival time of P and S waves for several low noise stations close to the swarm area and each theoretical travel time from the swarm area to these stations. We assume events having similar origin times to be seismic events. The system picks P and S wave arrival times not only for these stations but also for all stations by setting time windows at their arrivals which are calculated from the approximate origin time. The application of swarm mode to waveform data at a huge seismicity after the 1996 Onikobe earthquake sequence showed that the new system is very effective and can determine more precise hypocenters rather than manual pickings.
著者
藤井 聡 長谷川 大貴 中野 剛志 羽鳥 剛史
出版者
公益社団法人 土木学会
雑誌
土木学会論文集F5(土木技術者実践) (ISSN:21856613)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.1, pp.32-45, 2011 (Released:2011-03-18)
参考文献数
58
被引用文献数
2 18

人文社会科学では,「物語」(narrative)は,人間,あるいは人間が織りなす社会の動態を理解するにあたって重要な役割を担うものと見なされてきている.それ故,人間や社会を対象として,その動態に,公共的な観点からより望ましい方向に向けた影響を及ぼさんと志す“公共政策”全般においても,“物語”は重大な役割を担い得る.ついては,本研究では物語に関する基礎的な人文社会科学研究である,西洋哲学,解釈学,歴史学,歴史哲学,文芸批評,心理学,臨床心理学・社会学,民俗学などの主たる学術系譜のそれぞれをレビューすることを通して,プラグマティックな観点から“物語”がどのように公共政策に援用可能であるのかを論ずる.

1 0 0 0 OA 新英和辞林

著者
長谷川方文 編
出版者
六盟館
巻号頁・発行日
1903