著者

細田 豊

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.7, pp.a56-a59, 1951-07-30 (Released:2010-10-20)

参考文献数

6

著者

塩入 秀敏

出版者

上田女子短期大学

雑誌

紀要 (ISSN:09114238)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.A1-A17, 1974-03-31

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1918年02月05日, 1918-02-05

著者

中井 紀明 Noriaki Nakai 桃山学院大学文学部

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 = St. Andrew's University Journal of Christian Studies (ISSN:0286973X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.41, pp.1-32, 2005-01-20

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Emily Dickinson left almost 1800 poems, many of them in bundles later called fascicles; they have been usually regarded as mss of poems chronologically bound just for preservation. Recently in the United States, however, some scholars find unity in fascicles without clarifying why only their particular fascicles have unity under the editor Dickinson. My hypotheses are: Franklin's "fascicles" are in fact distinct collections of Emily Dickinson's poetry, and his "sets" are groups of poems waiting for later inclusion in further fascicles. My project is to offer the poet a persistent reader taking her fascicles as collections of poems edited by the poet herself and as more than just chronological. My method of reading-thinking-fermenting-writing of/ about the fascicles was formed by Stanley Fish's Reader Response Criticism and has been the main engine in my analyses of Fascicles 1~4 and will take me as far as Fascicle 40. My experiment is to deliberately become me the first reader of her first "published" collection of her poems edited by the poet herself and to intentionally have the recent scholarship on Dickinson's poetry and fascicles stop intruding into my reading. The first reader is supposed to know nothing in terms of interpretations and commentary accumulated later. The only and main source of information on this "publication" is the collection itself, and the tradition of close reading from New Criticism to Reader Response Criticism will help me here. In Fascicle 1 Dickinson the editor juxtaposes nature and man in terms of time: nature rotates and overcomes time; man proceeds in a forward direction, dies and never returns. Fascicle 2 is not just a bundle of poems but an elaborately edited collection of poems, logically following Fascicle 1. In Fascicle 2, against the softening background of nature, are presented big themes like time, the human destiny of death, faith in Christ, and lastly the poet's scrupulous feelings about having faith which seem to be rooted in her own life. Although Fascicle 2 is breathlessly and daringly taking up big themes for only the second fascicle in a work of forty, it quite impressively binds these themes and reveals Emily Dickinson as a skillful editor. In Fascicle 3 Dickinson the editor intentionally repeats many words to bind this fascicle. Flowers are so abundant in this fascicle as to give solace to the reader facing the inevitability of dying. Days "die" into lingering yesterdays and a year "went up this evening", but for the first time in the first three fascicles substantial human deaths are treated. I discuss the eleventh, seventeenth, eighteenth, and the climactic twentythird poem, where, I suggest, the poet and the editor in her are engaged in not so much overcoming as outwitting the human destiny of death. This is the fourth article in my project of reading each of the forty fascicles as a distinct collection of poems chosen and edited by Dickinson. Literary texts are texts whose rhetorical intentions, deliberately and meticulously interwoven into the text by the author, are traceable through reader responses. Since we cannot expect Dickinson herself to deliver an oracle as to her real intentions in the fascicles, I have sought to experience the text of Fascicle 4 as a reader sensitive to the reading process. My conclusion is that, like the first three fascicles, it is a thematically united collection. Through the sixteen poems of Fascicle 4, Dickinson vividly depicts the stream of conflicting thoughts in the narrator's mind against the background of the Gospel According to St. John (King James Version). In the former part of the fascicle (poems #1 through #7), the narrator is at the same time pleased at the rebirth of the land in springtime (poems #1 and #3) and made gloomy by the contrast with the stark reality of human existence (poems #2 through #7). In poem #8, the turning point in the reasoning process of the fascicle, the narrator recapitulates her joy at the rebirth of Nature but reveals at the end of the poem that the fascicle's real concern is not with Nature but with human rebirth (3:5). In the latter part of the fascicle (poems #9 through #16), where death and human resurrection are discussed against the contrasting background of a cheerful description of Nature's rebirth in springtime (poems #10, #11, and #14), we discover the narrator's growing doubt as to the possibility of human resurrection because of the difficulty of maintaining the unconditional "faith" demanded by Jesus. According to Jesus, human resurrection is possible only for those with faith in him as the Son of God: "he that believeth on me shall never thirst"(6:35) and "he that believeth on me hath everlasting life."(6:47) The narrator, fearing that compared with the annual rebirth of Nature in springtime human resurrection is difficult, finds herself unable to respond to the message of St. John's Gospel, which gradually comes to weigh more and more heavily on her mind. For such a scrupulous narrator, to believe in Jesus as the Son of God without seeing for herself the miracles St. John claims for Him is problematic. Should we believe in things we have not seen? "Blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed"(20:29). If so, then the narrator, who has not seen and therefore cannot believe, is unblessed. She cannot face Jesus because she does not qualify to stand among those disciples chosen for their unshakeable belief in Him. She feels unqualified to be added to those selected for their trustworthiness as the Twelve Disciples, and finally turns herself into a humble daisy devoid of heart and mind and free from all demands (poem #12). At this point (poems #9, #13, #15, and #16) the narrator uncovers some graves. She learns that many of the dead, either because they are animals without minds or because they are without belief, are left abandoned in their graves even when springtime comes, while an exceptional woman, presumably being possessed of a firm faith, has been raised to Heaven immediately following her death in springtime. It is as if she has been resurrected not on this earth but in Heaven itself. Are we being pressured to accept the reality that God discriminates among the dead and favors those with faith in Jesus? The narrator's skepticism toward the possibility of human resurrection, which takes belief in Jesus as its key, and her nihilistic fear of being incapable of faith gradually pervade the fascicle. Are we doomed to wander in helpless anguish through this haphazard world, buffeted by Fate, waiting only to die? In this fascicle Dickinson is engaged in what I call"polemical reasoning". Each poem is an independent narrative but at the same time is contributing through "polemical reasoning" to the formation of the fascicle's overall narrative of the difficulty of human resurrection. Dickinson is referring the reader to the words of Jesus in St. John's Gospel that "I am the resurrection, and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live; and whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die". (11:25) Though enchanted and moved by this Gospel prophesy, the poet finds herself unable to respond to it. In the return of flowers in the springtime she sees human resurrection, yet she cannot hold on to the belief in Jesus as the Son of God. As we read the poems in this fascicle, we follow the theme of rebirth in Nature, which is simultaneously contrasted to the narrator's fear of the difficulty of human resurrection due to her increasingly shaky belief in Jesus. We will now trace how the narrative of each of the sixteen individual poems contributes to the fascicle's overall narrative of "polemical reasoning". The first line of each poem is shown in parentheses following the poem number. In Poem #1 ("Perhaps you'd like to buy a flower,") the narrator rejoices, confident of Nature's seasonal rebirth. In Poem #2 ("Water, is taught by thirst.") the narrator lets us know that there are both bright and dark sides to everything on this earth, and that we should admit that we recognize and appreciate things most deeply when we suffer from their lack. At the beginning of the poem we have the "water of life" whose lack leads to thirstiness; we must wait until the Nicodemus Mystery in poem #8 for "water" that does not lead to thirstiness (4:14) and that gives rebirth (3:5). It is said that love is most dearly felt when the loved one dies, but the stark reality is that dying means not returning to dwell on the earth. In Poem #3 ("Have you got a Brook in your little heart,") the flowers of poem #1 and the water of poem #2 are linked, and a new item, "life is " added. In the first and second stanzas we see how water gives life to flowers and to birds, but the same river, we learn in the third and the fourth stanzas, can also at times flood or dry up. That the narrator seeks to draw our attention to this harsh reality at the end of the poem is perhaps the result of her jealousy toward Nature's guaranteed annual rebirth, but probably also because she cannot bring herself to celebrate unreservedly the renewal of Nature thanks to her pessimistic view of the possibility of human resurrection. Poem #4 ("Flowers - Well - if anybody") provides readers with a puzzling problem of definition. Flowers, as the embodiment of Nature, give us "transport" with their return at their successive springtime, but at the same time "trouble" through the fact that the dead among us can never return. The "extasy" caused in us by this combination of "transport" and "trouble" humbles us. There is one more point that must be mentioned here in connection with the fascicle's overall narrative of "polemical reasoning." The narrator wants to find, even at the expense of a reward, someone who could truly claim to be represented by the following words of Jesus: "…but the water that I shall give him shall be in him a well of water springing up into everlasting life (my emphasis)."(4:14). Like Thomas the Apostle, she is not one of those "that have not seen, and yet have believed"(20:29) Unable to see what Jesus did with her own eyes, she cannot believe in Him. In Poem #5 ("Pigmy seraphs - gone astray -") the narrator, looking at the roses she has raised, cannot resist dwelling upon the limited opulence of human affairs: human splendors are nothing compared with the natural world around us. In Poem #6 ("Heart not so heavy as mine") the narrator, gloomy thanks probably to the stress on the harsh reality of human existence in poems #2 through #5, receives solace from a song she overhears. Poem #7 ("Soul, Wilt thou toss again?") describes another feature of harsh human reality which is dominated by haphazardness and lack of planning. In Poem #8 ("An altered look about the hills - ") the narrator recapitulates her concern with the seasonal rebirth of Nature, while in the last two lines her real concern with human resurrection is made clear. At the end of the poem the reader finally learns why flowers and the water that gives them life appear so repeatedly in poems #1 through #4. We also learn about "Nicodemus' Mystery" which, though concerned specifically with human resurrection, is here being applied to natural rebirth too. The reference comes from the passage in the Gospel According to St. John: "Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God"(3:5). We understand for the first time here that the theme of human resurrection is the main theme of this fascicle over and above that of natural rebirth. In the following poems the possibility of human resurrection is implicitly doubted because of its dependence on unwavering faith in Jesus. In Poem #9 ("Some, too fragile for winter winds") the narrator, after having rejoiced in the springtime rebirth of Nature, is trying to see into some graves to find out whether those buried there are also revived. The graves have protected those within - children, sparrows and lambs - from the winter. The words "unnoticed by the Father" deserve notice. What is happening here to those in the grave who, like the children, are too immature to profess "faith," or to those who, like the sparrows and lambs, have no mind that would enable them to have faith? Are they unnoticed by the Father simply because they don't have faith? Does being unnoticed by the Father mean that they must remain in the grave without the possibility of resurrection? In Poem #10 ("Whose are the little beds, - I asked") the narrator is watching the flowers revived in springtime and now enjoying sleep different in kind from that in the graves. . Poem #11 ("For every Bird a nest - ") presents, as in poem #10, flowers and birds making homes for themselves and enjoying their lives in springtime. Poem #12 ("'They have not chosen me,' he said,") is a crucial poem in the greater narrative of the fascicle, centering on the story of the Twelve Disciples. Jesus chooses the twelve for their "trustworthiness" or "promising nature"(15:16). Elsewhere Jesus tells them "I chose you" in the knowledge that one of them, Judas, would betray Him (6:70). Reading Jesus' thoughts at the moment of betrayal, the narrator is hesitant to be added to the twelve disciples chosen for their "promising" nature. Knowing that her faith is too unstable to live up to Jesus' expectations, she feels happier to be regarded by Jesus as no more than a roadside daisy, lacking in consciousness and consequently free from the demands of faith. Poem #13 ("She bore it till the simple veins") tells of a woman who died at the end of spring. This woman did not stay in the grave but went immediately to Heaven, presumably because her firm belief in Jesus had been recognized. She was resurrected, but not on the earth as flowers are. Are people with faith resurrected only in Heaven? Is going to Heaven the only way to be born again? Is God discriminating between the woman raised to Heaven in this poem and those remaining in their graves in poems #9, #15, and #16? Does lack of faith mean that we must remain in our grave deserted by God? Poem #14 ("We should not mind so small a flower") talks about the significance of a flower, symbol of the rebirth of the garden she lost, and the relative difficulty of human resurrection. "Faith", a keyword crucial to the "polemical reasoning" in this latter part of the fascicle, is repeated in this poem and the next. In Poem #15 ("This heart that broke so long ?") the narrator, uncertain of her faith, sympathizes with the dead left deserted in their graves. At the end of the first stanza she explains why this keyword "faith" has become so crucial: she had sought after Jesus as her Savior, but her search had been "in vain." In Poem #16 ("On such a night, or such a night,") the narrator's sympathy is with the small children laid so early in their tiny graves. Must they remain there forever because of their lack of faith?

著者

堀 敬一 Keiichi Hori

雑誌

エコノフォーラム21 : 学生と教職員のインターコミュニケーション誌 = Econo forum 21

巻号頁・発行日

no.25, pp.53, 2019-03-14

著者

長井 短

出版者

河出書房新社

雑誌

文芸 (ISSN:05251885)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.4, pp.418-432, 2021

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経メカニカル (ISSN:03863638)

巻号頁・発行日

no.558, pp.45-54, 2001-03

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日本人の食文化は独特だ。従って,食品を冷蔵・冷凍保存する冷蔵庫にも日本人専用の設計が求められる。技術的にそれほど難しくなく利幅の小さい普及機種はともかく,高級機種の工場や設計者が国内に残る可能性はほかの白物家電よりも高い。そのため,比較的価格競争になりにくく利益率を高めに維持できる。

著者

中川 祐志

出版者

芦屋大学

雑誌

芦屋大学論叢 (ISSN:03853233)

巻号頁・発行日

no.55, pp.131-138, 2011

著者

榎本 有希 六車 崇

出版者

一般社団法人 日本集中治療医学会

雑誌

日本集中治療医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13407988)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.132-136, 2015-03-01 (Released:2015-03-10)

参考文献数

15

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デクスメデトミジン(dexmedetomidine, DEX)は離脱徴候を引き起こさないと言われていたが,長期投与例が増加するに伴い,離脱徴候に関する報告が散見されている。しかし,少数例のものにとどまり,その実態は明らかではない。DEXによる離脱徴候が見られた5例について報告する。5症例の月齢の中央値は22(最小4,最大39),DEX投与期間の中央値は61時間(最小54,最大187),最大投与流量の中央値は 0.9μg/kg/hr(最小0.6,最大0.9)だった。DEXを漸減してから中止した症例はいなかった。離脱徴候としては頻脈,頻呼吸,高血圧,発熱,興奮,不機嫌,睡眠障害,振戦,易刺激性などの症状が見られた。DEXを長期間投与した小児では離脱徴候の出現に留意する必要がある。

著者

高木 庸一

出版者

駒沢女子大学

雑誌

研究紀要 (ISSN:02884844)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.17-22, 1995-03-03

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こんかいの調査に当たって、THI調査票と独自の「生活環境調査」とのクロス集計を試みたが、両者の統計処理に不如意なことが多く、面接調査を実施するまでにいたらなかったが、数名の対象者との面談の結果などを総合して保育科学生として自分の健康に対する意識度は、期待よりは低く、このことは、定期健康診断に際して、1-2日以前から、食事の回数を減らしてまで、誤った感情的標準体重を記録に残したい努力が行われていることからも推定できる。健康度そのものに関しては同年令標準女子集団のそれと比べて大差なく、ごく普通の女子学生である。生活状態の調査結果でも、精神衛生的立場からは若干のコメントがあるような気がするが、「今の若い女の子」としては、注目すべき特異性は認められなかった。本調査は、現状の把握と、その結果をフィードバックし、個々の学生の心身の健康維持・増進に有効に作用させることを目的とし、それにより、教育効果の向上を期待したものである。今後、調査時期、調査内容と統計処理方法の改善を行い、経年的に継続したいと考えている。

著者

長田 啓隆

出版者

愛知県がんセンター

雑誌

特定領域研究

巻号頁・発行日

2003

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小細胞肺癌等の高悪性度肺癌では、神経内分泌分化と増殖とが密接に関連していると考えられる。本研究では、このような肺癌の分子特性に注目し、神経内分泌分化の癌発症・進展における意義を検討すると共に、この神経内分泌分化を標的とするRNAi法を用いた新規肺癌治療法の開発を目指した。神経内分泌分化のマスター遺伝子ASCL1に注目し、ASCL1の発現を肺癌細胞株パネルで検討したところ、神経内分泌分化を高頻度に示すことが知られている小細胞肺癌や大細胞肺癌で高発現が見られた。又、最も多い肺腺癌でも低頻度ではあるが高発現が見られた。一方、正常肺では殆ど発現が無く、発現パターンからASCL1は癌治療の標的となり得ると考えられた。このASCL1遺伝子を強制発現したところ、神経内分泌分化マーカーの誘導が起こることが確認されると共に、細胞周期の負の制御因子群の発現が抑制される結果が得られ、ASCL1が転写抑制により細胞周期を促進的に制御している可能性が考えられた。又、RNAi法によりASCL1発現を抑制することで、細胞周期停止及び細胞死が誘導され、ASCL1を発現する肺癌細胞特異的に著明な細胞増殖抑制作用を示すことが判明した。更にこのASCL1-RNAiを臨床応用へと発展すべく、アデノウイルスベクターを用いたASCL1-RNAiシステムを作成し、増殖抑制効果を現在検討している。このようなRNAi法を用いた癌遺伝子治療は癌細胞に特異的で、副作用の無い安全な治療法となり得ると考えられ、本研究は癌治療に非常に大きな貢献をすると期待される。

出版者

栃木県立足利中学校

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第2輯, 1934

著者

小林 仁美 金子 健彦 多賀 昌樹

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本栄養改善学会

雑誌

栄養学雑誌 (ISSN:00215147)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.4, pp.77-84, 2019-08-01 (Released:2019-10-15)

参考文献数

31

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【目的】月経前症候群(PMS)の発現には様々な因子が関連しており,これまでに睡眠時間や栄養素摂取,欠食の有無,やせや肥満,運動習慣などとの関連が報告されている。食物には様々な栄養素が含まれていること,時代と共に食事内容は変化することを考えると,食事を選択する際の意識・傾向を含め,継続的,多角的な視点でPMS症状との関連を解析する必要がある。そこで本研究では,女子大学生を対象にPMS症状と食生活習慣の関連について検討することを目的とした。【方法】52名の女子大学生を対象とし,PMS症状に関する調査,食事調査および食生活習慣調査を実施した。PMS症状はMDQ(Menstrual distress questionnaire)を用いて評価し,MDQスコアと栄養素および食品摂取量の相関を求めた。平均値の比較には対応のないt検定を行った。【結果】MDQスコアと栄養素等摂取量との相関を検討したところ,動物性たんぱく質,動物性脂質,飽和脂肪酸,飽和脂肪酸エネルギー比率,コレステロールと正の相関,炭水化物と負の相関が認められた。食品摂取量では肉類,卵類,乳類と正の相関,穀類および砂糖・甘味料類の摂取量と負の相関が認められた。また,食生活習慣調査では食品の組み合わせや調理方法を考慮しない者はMDQスコアが高く,PMS症状が強かった。【結論】栄養素や食品の摂取量とPMS症状の程度には相関が認められることが明らかになった。食生活習慣の改善はPMS症状を緩和するために有効な手段の一つである可能性が示唆された。

著者

高澤 浩一

出版者

書学書道史学会

雑誌

書学書道史研究 (ISSN:18832784)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2007, no.17, pp.13-28, 2007-09-30 (Released:2010-02-22)

著者

塩崎 亮

出版者

日本図書館研究会

雑誌

図書館界 (ISSN:00409669)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.1, pp.2-14, 2021-05-01 (Released:2021-06-18)

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ソーシャルメディアを歴史的記録して残すことは可能なのだろうか。本稿では,大学生と一般個人に対して,研究者,所属機関,国立国会図書館が公開ツイートをアーカイブするという架空のシナリオを複数提示し,その許容度を質問票で尋ねた集計結果について報告する。結果,シナリオ間,Twitter 利用経験の有無別,年代別で有意な差は確認できなかった。一方,一つ以上のシナリオを許容できないと回答したものが対象者の半数を超え,そのうち,プライバシーの観点から,あるいは特段の理由なく許容できないという反応が多数を占めた。

著者

小坂 丈予 野上 健治 吉田 稔

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本火山学会

雑誌

日本火山学会講演予稿集 (ISSN:24335320)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1994, 1994

著者

尾崎 秀夫

出版者

神戸海星女子学院大学

雑誌

神戸海星女子学院大学研究紀要 (ISSN:13468154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.13-22, 2012

著者

中村 寛治 宮地 有正

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

環境工学研究論文集 (ISSN:13415115)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.17-27, 1992-11-30 (Released:2010-03-17)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

4

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A Phenol degrading bacterium, which could decompose TCE, was isolated and identified as Pseudomonas sp. KN1. The ability to degrade TCE was induced by addition of phenol. An enzyme responsible for TCE degradation was conjectured to be phenol hydroxylase (PH). A gene encoding PH was cloned from the chromosome DNA. Expression of the PH gene in Escherlchia coil DH5α was carried out by using pTrc100 as a vector. Although the gene cloned was expressed in the E. coil, phenol was oxidized only at a low rate. The degradation of TCE was not detected at all. A new plasmid vector, pRCL100, carrying the replicon of RSF1010 was constructed to use Pseudomonas sp.KN1 as a host. A higher activity of PH was observed when the PH gene was expressed under the control of the trc promoter in Pseudomonas sp. KN1. The TCE degradation was examined by using the genetically engineered Pseudomonas sp. KN1. TCE concentration in a vial was rapidly decreased when the bacterium engineered was inoculated, and the gene was expressed. The result showed that the gene encoding TCE degrading enzyme was the PH gene.

著者

尾崎 まみこ 針山 孝彦 永田 仁史 綾部 早穂 金山 尚裕 小早川 達 大坪 庸介

出版者

奈良女子大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2018-07-18

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「赤ちゃんの匂いはいい匂い」とは、経験的によくいわれてきたが、これまで科学的に証明されたことはなかった。私たちは生後、数時間から数日の20名の新生児の頭部からストレスフリーで非侵襲な方法で採集し、そのうち19名の匂いを個別に分析した。19名のうち16名の匂いは相互によく似た成分構成を示し、残りの4名の匂いは、1,2の成分の含有量が他と異なっていた。この結果から、新生児の頭部の匂いには、“標準的な”化学成分構成が存在することが示唆された。化学分析結果をもとに、含有量の上位を占める20成分を使って19名の匂いを再現する調香品をそれぞれ作成した。それらの調香品の匂いについて、20名の学生(男女10名ずつ)から、匂いに関連する50のタームへの当てはまり度を回答する心理学的感覚評価の結果を得た。この回答のスコアに対する因子分析を行うため、スクリープロットから妥当と考えられる3因子解を求めた。得られた第1、第2、第3因子は、それぞれ、「快い情動を引き起こす匂い」に関与する因子、「快い質の匂い」に関与する因子、「不快な情動を引き起こす匂い」に関与する因子であり、寄与率は順に0.32、0.13、0.11であった。ちなみに「不快な質の匂い」に関係の深い13タームはいずれも極めて低いスコアしか獲得していなかったので、あらかじめ因子分析の対象から除外した。このように、本研究から、化学―心理学的な根拠を示すことにより、「赤ちゃんの匂いは快い情動を引き起こす匂いである」ことを、世界で初めて証明することができた。最後に、学生による調香品の匂いの評価と父母などによる本物の赤ちゃんの匂いの評価を同じ感覚評価テストで比較したところ、およそ矛盾の無い結果が得られた。

著者

長谷部 言人

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

人類學雜誌 (ISSN:00035505)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.11, pp.427-430, 1943