著者
Tomoko Yamaguchi Misae Nishijima Kenji Kawabata
出版者
The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
雑誌
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.10, pp.1525-1530, 2022-10-01 (Released:2022-10-01)
参考文献数
27
被引用文献数
3

Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) are essential component of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). BMECs strictly regulate the entry of various molecules into the central nervous system from the peripheral circulation by forming tight junctions and expressing various influx/efflux transporters and receptors. In vitro BBB models have been widely reported with primary BMECs isolated from animals, although it is known that the expression patterns and levels of transporters and receptors in BMECs differ between humans and animals. Recently, several methods to differentiate BMECs from human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cell have been developed. However, the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which is a key efflux transporter, in hiPS cell-derived BMECs was detected at a relatively low level compared with primary human BMECs. In this study, we examined the involvement of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which contributes to the development of BBB formation, in the regulation of P-gp expression in hiPS cell-derived BMECs. We found that the barrier integrity was significantly enhanced in hiPS cell-derived BMECs treated with glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK-3ß) inhibitors, which are known to positively regulate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, our data also showed P-gp expression level was increased by treatment with GSK-3ß inhibitors. In conclusion, physiological barrier function and P-gp expression in BMECs can be enhanced by the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Our results may be useful for promoting the development of drugs for central nervous system diseases using in vitro BBB model.
著者
Kouya Yamaki Kiyoe Ohta Norihiro Kobayashi Izumi Morita Yuki Kiguchi Hiroyuki Oyama Ken Ito Asuka Nanbo Hirozo Oh-oka Yutaka Koyama Yoshiki Kawata Hirotaka Fujisawa Mitsuhiro Ohta
出版者
The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
雑誌
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.8, pp.1022-1026, 2022-08-01 (Released:2022-08-01)
参考文献数
20

The emu is the second largest ratite; thus, their sera and egg yolks, obtained after immunization, could provide therapeutic and diagnostically important immunoglobulins with improved production efficiency. Reliable purification tools are required to establish a pipeline for supplying practical emu-derived antibodies, the majority of which belongs to the immunoglobulin Y (IgY) class. Therefore, we generated a monoclonal secondary antibody specific to emu IgY. Initially, we immunized an emu with bovine serum albumin multiply haptenized with 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) groups. Polyclonal emu anti-DNP antibodies were partially purified using conventional precipitation method and used as antigen for immunizing a BALB/c mouse. Splenocytes were fused with myeloma cells and a hybridoma clone secreting a desirable secondary antibody (mAb#2-16) was established. The secondary antibody bound specifically to emu-derived IgY, distinguishing IgYs from chicken, duck, ostrich, quail, and turkey, as well as human IgGs. Affinity columns immobilizing the mAb#2-16 antibodies enabled purification of emu IgY fractions from sera and egg yolks via simple protocols, with which we succeeded in producing IgYs specific to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein with a practical binding ability. We expect that the presented purification method, and the secondary antibody produced in this study, will facilitate the utilization of emus as a novel source of therapeutic and diagnostic antibodies.
著者
Tomoaki Inazumi Yukihiko Sugimoto
出版者
The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
雑誌
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.8, pp.992-997, 2022-08-01 (Released:2022-08-01)
参考文献数
63

Prostanoids are a group of typical lipid mediators that are biosynthesized from arachidonic acid by the actions of cyclooxygenases and their subsequent terminal synthases. Prostanoids exert a wide variety of actions through their specific membrane receptors on target cells. In addition to their classical actions, including fever, pain, and inflammation, prostanoids have been shown to play pivotal roles in various biological processes, such as female reproduction and the maintenance of vascular and gut homeostasis. Moreover, recent research using mice deficient in each of the prostanoid receptors, or using agonists/antagonists specific for each receptor clarified novel actions of prostanoids that had long been unknown, and the mechanisms therein. In this review, we introduce recent advances in the fields of metabolic control by prostanoid receptors such as in adipocyte differentiation, lipolysis, and adipocyte browning in adipose tissues, and discuss the potential of prostanoid receptors as a treatment target for metabolic disorders.
著者
Yu Sakurai
出版者
The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
雑誌
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.8, pp.972-977, 2022-08-01 (Released:2022-08-01)
参考文献数
40
被引用文献数
2

Nucleic acid drugs can control gene expression and function in a manner different from that of conventional compounds. On the other hand, nucleic acids can be easily degraded in the in vivo circumstances. In addition, nucleic acids cannot penetrate cell membranes. Therefore, a drug delivery system (DDS) is essential to protect nucleic acid molecules until they reach the target cell and to release them efficiently inside the cell. In order to apply nucleic acid drugs to new cancer therapeutic strategies, the author has been developing a DDS that enables functional control of vascular endothelial cells that consist of the tumor microenvironment. The aim of my study is to develop lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) were modified with functional molecules that control their pharmacokinetics in vivo and intracellular fate to delivered small interfering RNA (siRNA) to tumor vasculature. By imparting pH-responsive membrane fusion properties to lipid nanoparticles, I have developed a system that responds to acidification in endosomes within cells and subsequently efficiently releases siRNA into the cytoplasm via membrane fusion, where siRNA molecules exhibit their function. In addition, by developing a method for presenting functional molecules, such as peptides, saccharides and so on, that recognize target cells on the surface of LNPs, I succeeded in establishing LNPs which internalize more efficiently into specific cells than off-target cells. Finally, by integrating these technologies, I developed an in vivo siRNA DDS that enables in vivo control of genes of interest in tumor vascular endothelial cells and succeeded in cancer therapy by regulating vascular function.
著者
笠井 富貴夫 中村 光男 石井 正孝 寺田 明功 工藤 研二 対馬 史博 広田 則彦 武部 和夫
出版者
一般社団法人 日本糖尿病学会
雑誌
糖尿病 (ISSN:0021437X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.3, pp.219-226, 1991-03-30 (Released:2011-08-10)
参考文献数
25

胃排出機能とインスリン皮下吸収の食後早期血糖変動への影響を検討する目的で, 胃排出遅延を認めるインスリン依存型糖尿病 (IDDM) 11例にGastrokineticsを投与し, 明らかな胃排出改善の得られた6例 (I群), 改善のなかった5例 (II群) について食前および食後120分までの血糖 (PG) と血中遊離インスリン (Free-IRI) をPEG抽出法で測定した.胃排出機能はアセトアミノフェンとアイソトープ併用の液食一固形食同時測定法で検討した.I群;ΔFree-IRIには全検査時間を通じ, 胃排出改善前後で有意差なく, ΔPGは食後60分以降, 有意な上昇を認めた.すなわちΣΔFree-IRIには有意な変化はなく (2310±1266→2707±6889μU/ml・min), Σ ΔPGには有意な上昇 (1853±3442→4799±2983mg/dl・min, p<0.02) を認めた.II群;ΔFree-IRI, ΔPGともに胃排出改善前後で有意な変化を認めなかった.IDDMではインスリン皮下吸収に有意な変化を認めない場合, 胃排出機能が食後早期血糖を制御する重要な因子であることが示された.
著者
中村 尚司 津田 守 広岡 博之 河村 能夫 鶴見 良行
出版者
龍谷大学
雑誌
重点領域研究
巻号頁・発行日
1993

政治的な独立を達成した後に野心的な工業化が進めたアジア諸国では、急激な社会生活の変化と環境破壊を引き起した。南北間の経済格差とともに、南側諸国内における社会階層間や地域間の格差拡大も深刻である。永続可能な発展を目標にして、環境問題に配慮した新しい南北問題の社会経済指標を検討する必要がある。すでに、世界銀行や国連諸機関では、経済成長率以外の要因を加えた各種の社会経済指標を発表している。本研究は、社会経済発展に関する既存の諸指標を批判的に検討する一方、適切な代案を模索する。本年度は、4回にわたる研究会を開催し、調査研究の方法に関する考察を中心に、「厚生の指標について」、「社会経済指標の研究方法」、「循環、多様、関係という視点からみた発展指標」、「アジアにおける経済格差研究の問題点」、「農村における貧困研究の国際比較」という報告と討論を行ない、個別的な地域の課題として、「フィリッピンにおける経済発展の特質」、「仏教復興運動と農村開発」、「農村金融とエンパワーメント」などのテーマを取り上げ、実証的な報告とその批判的な検討を行なった。その一方で、東南アジアと南アジアの諸地域におけるフィールド7-7によって得られたデータに基づき、それぞれの地域社会の具体的な特殊性を考察して、国際機関による南北格差の指標の現実性を検討し、問題点の指摘を試みた。南側の対象地域としては、フィリピン、タイ、マレーシア、バングラデシュおよびスリランカを取り上げた。南北の比較に必要な北側の代表的な地域として、日本とアメリカ合衆国の対照的な指標を取り上げて吟味した。
著者
Keiji Wada Yukihisa Suzuki Akira Ushiyama Shin Ohtani Kenji Hattori Atsushi Saito Satoshi Nakasono Satoshi Miyawaki Takashi Yanagisawa Yoshiya Ohnuma
出版者
The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
雑誌
IEICE Communications Express (ISSN:21870136)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.10, pp.661-666, 2022-10-01 (Released:2022-10-01)
参考文献数
7

This letter presents development of a magnetic field generator to evaluation of biological effects. The magnetic field generator has a frequency bandwidth of 85 kHz because it is intended for wireless power supply for electric vehicles. Furthermore, the generator is designed to operate for only one second, and can produce the induced magnetic field of 10 times compared to basic restrictions of the ICNIRP. By applying the magnetic field generator, it is possible to conduct a evaluation and verification of biological effect depending on electromagnetic fields for WPT systems of electric vehicles.
著者
河原 遼太 小河原 加久治 新銀 秀徳
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.887, pp.19-00429, 2020 (Released:2020-07-25)
参考文献数
15

This paper proposes a method of airspeed measurement using ultrasonic waves for control of micro UAVs. Measurement by pitot tube sensor generally used for aircraft control does not show high resolution and responsiveness in low speed flight. The proposed method employs the phase difference method to overcome the drawback of low resolution in the measurement. The efficiency of this method is demonstrated through flight experiments to estimate the angle of attack and the angle of side slip of a micro UAV from measured airspeed.
著者
前田 豊
出版者
一般社団法人 エネルギー・資源学会
雑誌
エネルギー・資源学会論文誌 (ISSN:24330531)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.6, pp.9-14, 2012 (Released:2019-06-06)
参考文献数
12

The ways of using solar energy for human being are to use solar cells for direct solar ray, or to warm up object by using radiant heat of the sun. However, most of the solar energy which is showered upon the earth is used for the heat-reserve in seawater and the earth. There seems not to have existed in the past that the ways of thinking to utilize heat energy near the normal temperature as the effective work, exergy, which was directly stored up in the earth. This paper presents a new energy source, which is got from room temperature heat source. There exist a new heat cycle that creates exergy from room temperature materials. This is composed of a unique heat cycle of CO2 gas as a heat medium. The mechanism is shown through exergy analysis as to the heat cycle which creates valid work. Proper systems are discussed on generation of electricity, and warm or cold heat, using this cycle.
著者
熊倉 勇美
出版者
一般社団法人 日本高次脳機能障害学会
雑誌
高次脳機能研究 (旧 失語症研究) (ISSN:13484818)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.1, pp.15-20, 2012-03-31 (Released:2013-04-02)
参考文献数
7

脳血管障害などに起因する摂食・嚥下障害の患者は, (1) 低栄養・脱水, (2) 誤嚥性肺炎, (3) 窒息など, によって生命を脅かされる。また, 止むを得ず経管栄養などを選択すると, 口から食べる楽しみが奪われ, (4) QOL が低下する。言語聴覚士 (ST) は, 摂食・嚥下機能の回復, QOL の向上などに関わるリハビリテーションチームの一員であるが, 最近では高次脳機能と「食べること・飲み込むこと」に関連した問題にも取り組んでいる。中でも高齢者や認知症患者, さらに高次脳機能障害患者の食の問題 (ペーシング障害や拒食などからもたらされる栄養失調, 誤嚥性肺炎など) がトピックスとして取り上げられている。本稿では, 高次脳機能障害の中から半側空間無視の 2 症例を挙げ, 治療経過を紹介した。最後に, ST の立場から高次脳機能障害と摂食・嚥下障害に関して, 今後の展望と, 取り組むべき課題について論じた。