著者

貞方 健太 山内 寛行 山野辺 泰治

出版者

電気・情報関係学会九州支部連合大会委員会

雑誌

電気関係学会九州支部連合大会講演論文集 平成20年度電気関係学会九州支部連合大会(第61回連合大会)講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

pp.395, 2008 (Released:2010-04-01)

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CMOSの微細化が進みCMOSの閾値電圧のばらつきがSRAMセルの書き込みマージンに与える影響が深刻になってきている。本研究では、CMOSの閾値電圧のばらつきを統計学的に処理することで書き込みマージンへの影響を、1)感度解析と、2)閾値電圧を正規分布下でモンテカルロ解析を行い、閾値電圧のばらつきに対するSRAMの書き込みマージンのばらつきを求めた。両手法とも、閾値電圧の基準値を400mVとし閾値電圧の標準偏差50mVとすると、変化する書き込みマージンはおよそ46mVの標準偏差を持つばらつきを持つことがわかった。

著者

Kana Moriyama Daisuke Sasaki Yuichi Ono

出版者

Fuji Technology Press Ltd.

雑誌

Journal of Disaster Research (ISSN:18812473)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.6, pp.1007-1014, 2018-11-01 (Released:2018-11-01)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

22

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After the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction is adopted, a global database as a tool to monitor disaster loss and damage databases is required. Several disaster loss and damage databases are in use globally. This paper aims to explore how the existing databases vary in three aspects of threshold, spatial resolution, and data quality control, as well as the limitations of the existing databases. We review previous studies comparing the existing global databases and extract the differences and limitations. The threshold of EM-DAT is clear, but its threshold results in ignoring small-scale disasters that DesInventar captures. The differences in disaster threshold create different pictures of disaster losses and/or risks. Regarding spatial resolution, only DesInventar provides disaster impact data at a municipal level, while others provide information at a country level. The limitations of the existing global database are categorized into four aspects, as follows: lack of disaggregated data, limited spatial coverage and resolution, insufficiency of completeness and reliability of data, and insufficient information on indirect loss. The implication from our findings is that, in order to complement the limitations of the existing disaster loss databases to use for decision making on disaster risk reduction, the following are required: cross-checking of data across different databases; complementary disaster loss data; and collection of an exhaustive and firsthand dataset with a transparent and internationally consistent methodology by policy makers.

著者

守山 拓弥 守山 弘

出版者

農村計画学会

雑誌

農村計画学会誌 (ISSN:09129731)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.4, pp.453-460, 2016-03-30 (Released:2017-03-30)

参考文献数

33

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In 1730's Japan, One investigation to clarify the local products was carried out, and the final issues were submitted to the government with the name “Sanbutsucho”. On the other hand copies of the primal documents reported by farmers were kept in respective districts. We surveyed 3 papers of these historical materials presented from the villages around the Utsunomiya city, and identifi ed the fishes reported by ancient and/or local names. 15 Names were identified to the taxonomical species. These results showed that the farmers of the Edo Age possessed high identification accuracy and taxonomic knowledge to fishes.

著者

中西 善信

出版者

The Japanese Association of Administrative Science

雑誌

経営行動科学 (ISSN:09145206)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.31-44, 2013 (Released:2013-10-10)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

2 1

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This study focuses on the expertise and experiential learning, especially learning in communities of practice, of flight procedure designers (specialists who design air routes for aircraft). Six experts were interviewed and an analysis using Modified Grounded Theory Approach was conducted. The results indicated that an informal secondary community, formed through activities in a formally established original community, plays an important role in learning for an individual. The secondary community and the original community play complementary roles, exchanging one's inherent information and knowledge with that of the other. Based on these findings, the theoretical and practical significance of such secondary communities was examined. Further consideration was made of environmental factors that would activate a secondary community.

著者

赤石 大輔 徳地 直子

出版者

Pro Natura Foundation Japan

雑誌

自然保護助成基金助成成果報告書 (ISSN:24320943)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.300-304, 2020 (Released:2020-09-29)

参考文献数

1

著者

山下 巌

出版者

日本良導絡自律神経学会

雑誌

良導絡 (ISSN:09130942)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1961, no.11, pp.2, 1961-05-15 (Released:2011-10-18)

著者

坂田 完三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.20-27, 1999-01-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

4 3

著者

仁子 寿晴

出版者

日本大学文理学部中国語中国文化学科

雑誌

中国語中国文化 (ISSN:02882604)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2020, no.17, pp.226-282, 2020 (Released:2020-05-11)

著者

丸山 昭子 鈴木 英子 安梅 勅江

出版者

日本保健福祉学会

雑誌

日本保健福祉学会誌 (ISSN:13408194)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.53-61, 2002-10-31 (Released:2017-09-15)

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本研究は、認可保育所を利用している子どもの発達に対する、保育時間(通常・長時間)、育児環境との関連を明らかにし、今後の保育サービスの課題を検討することを目的とした。全国の認可夜間保育所及び併設の昼間保育所(全41ヵ所)のうち20ヵ所の保育所にて、1988年10月に保護者を対象とし保育時間・育児環境に関する質問紙調査を行い、経年的な子どもの発達との関連を検討するために2000年3月に担当保育士による客観的指標を用いた子どもの発達評価を実施し、解析可能な551組を本研究の対象とした。本研究の結果を要約すると以下の通りである。(1)一定基準の質が確保されている認可保育所において、長時間保育と子どもの発達との関連がないことから、質の高い長時間保育サービスが子どもの発達に影響を及ぼさない可能性が示唆された。(2)育児環境と子どもの発達とは、既存研究と同様に関連が認められたことから、育児環境の重要性が再認識された。(3)長時間保育の利用者では社会的な繋がりが希薄で、特に育児相談者が得難い状況にあることが明らかになり、社会的サポートのあり方への検討が必要である。(4)今後さらに保育サービスの質の向上を目指した取り組みが求められる。

著者

Lusha Wang Ayumi Kotani Takafumi Tanaka Takeshi Ohta

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.259-264, 2020 (Released:2020-12-24)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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Based on the drought severity index (DSI), which is derived from the ratio of evapotranspiration (ET) to potential evapotranspiration (PET) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), as measured by remote sensing, we replaced the ET/PET ratio with soil moisture (0-10 cm) to establish an improved index (IDSI) and evaluated the drought situation in Inner Mongolia. The two components in IDSI are independently derived; however, the effects of evapotranspiration are contained in the soil moisture, and even precipitation changes could be reflected. We used monthly IDSI data for Inner Mongolia to evaluate drought throughout the growing season (May–September) during 2001-2010. The IDSI showed that 2001, 2007, and 2009 were years with significant drought. Areas that experienced extreme drought were less extensive than those found by the DSI because we removed the ET/PET component, which already contains the effects of the NDVI. IDSI results not only contained the degree of precipitation change for a given month through soil moisture, but also reflected the influence of water and heat in the previous month through the NDVI. Moreover, IDSI results were generally consistent with agricultural drought disaster records.

著者

Yu Li Shuqing Ma Ling Yang Xiaoqiong Zhen Dan Qiao

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.252-258, 2020 (Released:2020-12-23)

参考文献数

28

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Array weather radar (AWR), a kind of distributed phased array radar, includes at least three Phased Array Front Ends (PAFE). Every three PAFEs are grouped for synchronous scanning to ensure that the Data Time Difference (DTD) at the same point in the fine detection area is less than 2 s. This paper adopts the multiple-Doppler wind synthesis method to synthesize the wind field of the small-DTD AWR data and discusses the sensitivity analysis on the wind fields under the different DTDs. The analysis experiment includes the wind fields under two types of precipitation systems. One is a convective precipitation system with unstable airflow, and the other is a non-convective precipitation system with stable airflow. The statistical analysis showed that, due to the advection effect and intrinsic evolution of the precipitation systems, the bigger the DTD is, the bigger the wind field error is. When the DTD is greater than 24 s, the wind field obtained by the convective precipitation system has more errors. When the DTD is greater than 84 s, the wind field obtained by the non-convective precipitation system has more errors.

著者

森 真一

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.4, pp.404-421, 2011-03-31 (Released:2013-03-01)

参考文献数

21

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本稿の目的は,心理主義化社会とニヒリズムの関係を明らかにすることである.この目的を果たすため,本稿はA. ギデンズの『モダニティと自己アイデンティティ(MSI)』(以下MSIと略す)を心理主義化論として読み,彼が提起する問題を出発点とする.MSIは,「心理学」がニヒリズム克服に寄与する可能性を示唆しながらも,もっぱらニヒリズムの再生産に寄与するものと捉える.ニヒリズムゆえに心理主義を一貫して批判してきた精神科医V. フランクルは,患者が「人生の意味」を発見できるように治療を行い,ニヒリズムの克服をめざす.フランクルの実存分析からは,「心理学」がニヒリズムの克服へと人々を向かわせていることが読みとれる.じつはギデンズも,抑圧された実存的問いが生のポリティクスとして回帰していることを示すことで,人々のニヒリズム克服行動を捉えようとしている.ギデンズやフランクルの著作からは,心理主義化社会において,「心理学」がニヒリズムを背景に隆盛し,ニヒリズムを再生産しているものの,他方でニヒリズム克服にも直接的・間接的に貢献しているように見受けられる.だが,ハイデガーの存在論からすれば,実存分析や生のポリティクスのようなニヒリズム克服の努力こそ,ニヒリズムの本質を表している.心理主義化社会は,二重の意味でニヒリズムであることを明らかにしたい.

著者

Zhenwei Wang Xiaorong Chen Yunfei Lu Feifei Chen Wei Zhang

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.64-68, 2020-02-29 (Released:2020-03-16)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

179 373

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Pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is continuously and rapidly circulating at present. No effective antiviral treatment has been verified thus far. We report here the clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for four patients with mild or severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. All the patients were given antiviral treatment including lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra®), arbidol, and Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SFJDC, a traditional Chinese medicine) and other necessary support care. After treatment, three patients gained significant improvement in pneumonia associated symptoms, two of whom were confirmed 2019-nCoV negative and discharged, and one of whom was virus negative at the first test. The remaining patient with severe pneumonia had shown signs of improvement by the cutoff date for data collection. Results obtained in the current study may provide clues for treatment of 2019-nCoV pneumonia. The efficacy of antiviral treatment including lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, and SFJDC warrants further verification in future study.

著者

吉井 春夫 深田 有里子 山本 一彦 家後 壽 末広 誠之 柳原 行義 奥平 博一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.9, pp.1289, 1993-09-30 (Released:2017-02-10)

著者

中村 まづる

出版者

公共選択学会

雑誌

公共選択の研究 (ISSN:02869624)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1999, no.32, pp.32-48, 1999-07-01 (Released:2010-10-14)

参考文献数

47

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Pension program provides income distribution between younger workers and older retirees who would otherwise live in poverty on inadequate savings. The changing demographic structure of the population will result in a higher proportion of retirees to workers. The pay-as-you-go method of financing public pension is a crucial aspect of the current program and of its financial problem. If nothing were done to change the current program, it is likely that the social security tax rate would have to rise very rapidly in the years ahead, which might cause a public distrust in the program itself.Public management of the program has been justified in the view of“market failure”of social security in economics, however, it is apparent that“welfare state”has increased fiscal deficits among democratic countries. It is paradoxical that a demographic change is preventing the public management of social security attain the economic goal of not only efficiency but also equity because of financial difficulties.On the other hand, the public choice theory has pointed out that democratic decision making process results in income distribution through majority rule since its early stages. Now it is time that the basic structure of the public pension program has to be reexamined and reshaped to fit the economic conditions of today.The World Bank proposed how to reform social security programs. The proposal restricts the roll within minimum standard of living, while privatize its management into market mechanisms, which inspired various arguments the reform in Japan. The purpose of this paper is to examine the idea of constitutional reform to evaluate their performances, and propose the rules within the reform in order to prevent any rooms of government failure.

著者

髙瀨 堅吉

出版者

公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団

雑誌

学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.11, pp.11_40-11_45, 2018-11-01 (Released:2019-03-14)

参考文献数

7

著者

齊藤 昌樹 畑中 隆志 川口 拓郎 久馬 孝仁 長嶺 健二郎 澤木 佳弘

出版者

社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.12, pp.667-672, 2015-12-20 (Released:2016-03-14)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

1 5

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Recently, methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (MTX-LPD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have frequently been reported as a lymphoproliferative disorder developing in immunosuppressed patients. Many reports have indicated a relation between MTX-LPD and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). We report 4 cases of EBV-positive MTX-LPD arising in the oral cavity. After consulting a hematologist, methotrexate (MTX) was discontinued in three patients, and one patient moved to another medical facility. Three lesions regressed after MTX withdrawal. However, one patient who resumed treatment with MTX had a relapse of LPD. A literature search on MTX-LPD in the oral cavity revealed a high positive rate of EBV, a good response to MTX withdrawal, a higher prevalence in women, and a high frequency of maxillary gum involvement.

著者

綿引 大祐 吉松 慎一 竹内 浩二 大林 隆司 永野 裕

出版者

THE LEPIDOPTEROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

蝶と蛾 (ISSN:00240974)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.53-60, 2017-08-31 (Released:2017-12-01)

参考文献数

22

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属 Acidon Hampson はインドからオーストラリア地域にかけて21種(そのうち2種は雌しか知られていない正体不明種)が知られ,Kononenko and Pinratana(2013)でいうところの“Mecistoptera generic group”に属する一群である.本グループには Acidon 属のほか,Mecistoptera Hampson,Perciana Walker,Hiaspis Walker,Hepatica Staüdinger,Coarica Moore,Ruttenstorferia Lödl,Lophomilia Warren の7属が含まれており,さらにHolloway(2008)は形態学的な研究から Gonoglasa Hampson も本グループに含めるべきとの見解を示している.また,本グループは全世界でおよそ600種を含む大属であるHypena Schrankと近縁であることから,ヤガ上科の中でも特に分類学的問題を抱えたグループに属している.ヤガ上科の高次分類は今なお混沌としており,本種を含む“Mecistoptera generic group”の種は,日本産蛾類標準図鑑2(岸田,2011)に従うとヤガ科アツバ亜科とカギアツバ亜科にまたがって含まれる扱いとなる.ここでは最近の分子遺伝学的な研究であるZahiri et al. (2012) に従いトモエガ科アツバ亜科として扱った.以下に本新種の特徴を示す.Acidon sugii Watabiki & Yoshimatsu sp. nov. シマイスノキアツバ(新称)前翅長:♂12.3-16.0 mm, ♀12.1-15.4 mm. 雄の触角は両櫛歯状で,下唇髭は非常に長く頭部の5倍程度の長さを有する.雌の触角は糸状で,下唇髭は雄より短い.雌雄ともに前後翅の色調は黒褐色から赤褐色で,前翅の内横線と外横線の間および亜外縁線より外側は暗色になる傾向があり,個体によっては薄紫色の鱗粉を散布する.環状紋は通常白色あるいは黒色の点状であるが,大きな白色紋状となる個体もある.前後翅とも裏面には黒褐色線があり,後翅はその内側に黒褐色紋を伴う.本種は日本における本属の初記録種で,交尾器の形態からボルネオ島より記載された Acidon calcicola Holloway が最も近縁な種であると考えられる.両種は外見上よく似ているが,本種の雄は触角が両櫛歯状,下唇髭が頭部の5倍程度の長さを有するのに対し,A. calcicola を含む Acidon 属の他の種は,雄の触角が繊毛状や毛束状であり,下唇髭は頭部の2-4倍程度の長さであることから容易に識別できる.また,雄交尾器からも明瞭に識別できる.分布:小笠原諸島(兄島・父島・母島). 寄主植物: マンサク科シマイスノキ (Distylium lepidotum Nakai)本種の兄島と母島から得られた1雄2雌の標本を用いた分子遺伝学的な検討も行った結果,得られた分岐図と解析データから,兄島と母島間においておよそ1%の塩基置換率が確認された(Fig. 14).また,チョウ目における同属内の種間のミトコンドリアDNA (COI) 領域の平均塩基置換率はおよそ7~8%であるとされるほか (Hebert et al., 2009; Hausmann et al., 2011),ヤガ科ヨトウガ亜科 Tiracola 属における近縁種の塩基置換率がおよそ5.1%程度であったことが示されているが (Watabiki and Yoshimatsu, 2013),今回分子遺伝学的解析を併せて行った Perciana marmorea Walker,ナンキシマアツバ Hepatica nakatanii Sugi, および本新種の平均塩基置換率はおよそ6.2%であり,属以上のレベルで一般的に見られるような大きな遺伝的差異は見られなかった.本種は日本産ヤガ上科の分類学者であった故杉繁郎氏の助言をもとに竹内・大林(2006)においてクルマアツバ亜科の属名・種名の未決定種として初めてリストアップされた種である.そこで本種の学名は杉繁郎氏に献名し,和名は杉氏が竹内と大林に書面上で提示していたもの(杉私信,1996)と同様に,シマイスノキアツバとした.なお,竹内・大林(2006)では“シマイスアツバ”として扱われたが,これは杉氏提案の和名を誤って略してしまったものである.

著者

二宮 健史郎

出版者

経済理論学会

雑誌

季刊経済理論 (ISSN:18825184)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.4, pp.83-95, 2015-01-20 (Released:2017-04-25)

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The recent international monetary crisis, triggered by the 2008 subprime loan crisis in the US, still casts a dark shadow over the world economy. Owing to this upheaval, the financial instability hypothesis proposed by heterodox economist Hyman P. Minsky has received renewed attention. Many mainstream economists admire Minsky's keen insight. The financial instability hypothesis and the formal mathematical models on related topics treat the cumulative debt burden as one of the causes of financial instability. In addition, the Kaleckian and stock-flow consistent models, which explicitly consider interest-bearing debt burden, have, in recent years, been extensively developed. Ninomiya and Tokuda (2011, 2012) introduced the concept of "instability of confidence" and examined the structural change of an economy. In this study, we construct macro-dynamic models that consider interest-bearing debt burdens and the instability of confidence. Furthermore, we examine financial instability and cycles based on the financial instability hypothesis and related mathematical models. This study highlights the following items as significant causes of economic instability: 1)cumulative interest-bearing debt burdens; 2)fragile financial structures; 3)and the instability of confidence. In other words, a robust financial structure plays an important role in addressing a crisis of confidence. This study also suggests that the recent policy of quantitative easing may exert harmful side effects on the economy. This study implies that some new policies and institutional frameworks are needed to construct a robust financial structure. Furthermore, we can prove that there are closed orbits in the dynamic systems by applying Hopf bifurcation theorem. Interest-bearing debt plays important role in terms of financial cycles in this study. The degree of the instability of confidence also has an important role for one of the financial cycles in this study. The financial cycles in this study are quite different from the Kaldorian business cycle.

著者

那須 大毅 松尾 知之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14047, (Released:2015-01-20)

参考文献数

12

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in kinematics between two types of motor strategy for expert dart throwing. We divided eight experts into two groups based on the motor strategies they had demonstrated in a previous study (Nasu et al., 2014): group A were experts who had a longer time window in which a release could result in hitting the bull's eye, and group B were experts who had a shorter time window but greatly reduced their timing error. Each subject performed 60 dart throws, aiming at the center of the dart board (bull's eye). The movement of the dart, index finger, and joint motion of the upper extremity were captured using a motion capture system with 7 cameras (480 Hz, Oqus300, Qualysis Inc.). We compared the shape of the hand trajectory and joint kinematics between the groups. We found that experts in group A demonstrated a smaller shoulder angle (lower elbow height) and a larger angle of elbow flexion through forward swing than those in group B. These differences affected the time window that led to a successful throw, i.e. the time for which the mutually complementary relationship among the release parameters (especially the relationship between velocity and direction of motion) was maintained. These results may be useful as basic data to help clarify how throwing accuracy can be improved in several sports.