著者
金井 利之
出版者
立命館大学法学会
雑誌
立命館法学 (ISSN:24341975)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.399/400, pp.190-219, 2022-03
著者
齋藤 宏文
出版者
ロシア・東欧学会
雑誌
ロシア・東欧研究 (ISSN:13486497)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2007, no.36, pp.72-83, 2007 (Released:2010-05-31)
参考文献数
53

This research focuses on the process by which scientific information on Soviet genetics—particularly the Lysenko Doctrine—was accepted by Japanese academic groups in the field of biological science. Nakamura (1967) studied the Lysenko Controversy in Japan and illustrated the process whereby this debate resulted in the inevitable political conflict among Japanese biologists after the conference of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences in August 1948. In order to examine the possibility of the purely scientific debate on Soviet genetics, it is necessary to investigate the various types of literatures available in the few years immediately following Japan's defeat in World War II. In addition, there are three approaches that complement Nakamura's research. First, it is necessary to measure the ideological control given to Soviet science by the Soviet Government's scientific policies, because this control directly affected the quality of information on Soviet genetics. In particular, the discussion prepared by the editorial board of the Pod znamenem marksizma in 1939 will be highlighted as the turning point of this control. Second, Western scientific literatures were the most important channel of information transfer for Japanese biologists; in this case, it is necessary to consider the acceptance of this literature and the extent to which it influenced Japanese biologists. Third, Japanese academic groups lagged behind the West in accepting information, at least in the two years after the Japanese defeat in World War II; therefore, it is interesting to compare the acceptance times between the West and Japan. In 1946, the ideological control granted to Soviet science was at its weakest, and it was at this time that western biologists accepted the most detailed literatures and wrote numerous scientific criticisms on the Lysenko Doctrine. On the other hand, at this time, Japanese biologists were still concerned with the lack of availability of scientific literatures.
著者
榎波 龍雄 田路 則子
出版者
The Academic Association for Organizational Science
雑誌
組織学会大会論文集 (ISSN:21868530)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, no.1, pp.71-76, 2015-07-31 (Released:2015-07-31)
参考文献数
8

Companies that have success in the product of modular architecture, easily to get stuck in “The Modularity Trap”. What are the factors for next successful innovation for these companies? This paper follows the transition of the product architecture of semiconductor exposure tools which have large scale complexity. Semiconductor exposure tool is the ultimate integrative type of product as typified by the automobile. According to previous discussions represented by Fujimoto (2001), Japanese companies have strong points of making integral architecture product by utilizing much knowledge beyond the boundary of companies and integrated human resources. In fact, a Japanese exposure manufacture, Nikon had attained around 50% market share until the mid-1990s by leveraging overwhelming technological innovation capability. However, Nikon have been caught up by ASML (a Dutch company), which entered the market later. In this paper, we compare ASML succeeding in innovation despite its modular architecture with Nikon not succeeding in innovation despite integral architecture.
著者
古市 憲寿
出版者
北ヨーロッパ学会
雑誌
北ヨーロッパ研究 (ISSN:18802834)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, pp.1-11, 2019 (Released:2020-07-01)

本稿の目的は、ノルウェーと日本の育児政策の変遷を概観することで、その背後にある両国の「男女平等」を理解することである。ノルウェーと日本は共に「母親」の役割を強調しながら、女性に対する権利拡充が進んできた国であった。そのため公的保育サービスの普及は遅れたものの、ノルウェーでは1960 年代の福祉国家拡大による労働力不足、日本では1990 年代の少子化に対する危機から、育児の社会化が意識された。共通するのは、労働力不足や少子化という、「男女平等」とは直接的には関係のない外在的な社会変化によって、公的保育サービスの必要性が認識されたという点である。しかし、市場や家族にとってすぐ保育園を整備することが合理的である労働力不足と違い、少子化という直ちに社会に大きな影響を与えない問題から育児政策を充実しようとした日本では、高齢化対応が優先され、未だに待機児童問題さえ解決の目処が立っていない。
著者
柏田 三千代
出版者
日本国際情報学会
雑誌
国際情報研究 (ISSN:18842178)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.1, pp.46-54, 2018-12-23 (Released:2018-12-25)
参考文献数
7
被引用文献数
3

Why do a definite number of starting young nurses retire soon after finding new posts? This paper tries to find out the reasons by focusing on psychological processes by which they leave in less than a year after they are employed. Analysis of documents concerned reveals: they find their working environments different from what they have expected them to be; skills they have acquired at nursing schools/colleges prove insufficient for their expected jobs; they find it difficult to get along well with senior members; their mind and body do not fit in well; they lose interest in work of nursing itself. These reasons account for the difficulty of securing sufficient numbers of nurses, while they are common to other young people of the same generation working in other fields.
著者
渡邉 力夫 林 浩平 岩尾 正樹 井河 恵大 冨田 信之
出版者
一般社団法人 日本航空宇宙学会
雑誌
宇宙技術 (ISSN:13473832)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, pp.45-52, 2008 (Released:2008-10-11)
参考文献数
9

When liquid nitrogen and heated water are mixed in a chamber, pressure increase due to evaporation expansion inside the chamber becomes high enough to generate thrust force for rocket propulsion. This thrust system is safer and environment-friendly compared to conventional rocket engines utilizing combustion process. This new type of rocket engine system is called "Water-Liquid Nitrogen rocket engine system" and it can be used for small payload mission with expected altitude of several kilometers. In this paper, experimentally obtained thrust characteristics are shown and analyzed. As a result, relations between the thrust force and the mixing chamber pressure are clarified. Also, it is found that the present injector can attain only half of the theoretically expected specific impulse due to insufficient mixing efficiency.
著者
中橋 誠
出版者
日本倫理学会
雑誌
倫理学年報 (ISSN:24344699)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, pp.163-174, 2018 (Released:2019-04-01)

Heidegger’s term Eigentlichkeit is generally translated into authenticity. This translation often leads us to the assumption that there is something authentic. But Heidegger uses this term to express human Dasein’s modus. He says Dasein is to be grasped through how Dasein is, contrasted with other entities which are grasped through what they are. This means that Dasein is always variable and has no regular modus, including an authentic one. This being taken into consideration, the conclusion is drawn that authenticity is inappropriate to express Eigentlichkeit. The term Eigentlichkeit in the thought of Heidegger is chosen “in a strict sense”. The sense of this term lies in eigen, which is own in the primary meaning. Following this, we should translate Eigentlichkeit into own-ness or ownedness(eigen, i. e. own is the past participle in its origin). This translation matches with the way Dasein exists; Dasein exists in a modus in each case, which means that Dasein owns his or her temporary modus in each case. Eigentlichkeit is owned by Dasein in each case. Therefore, Dasein can lose Eigentlichkeit in each case, Dasein can be in its negation(Uneigentlichkeit) in each case. The above matches also with the definition of Eigentlichkeit and Uneigentlichkeit. They are both based on the fact that Dasein is in general determined by mineness-in-each-case(Jemeinigkeit). Dasein is always concerned about whether Eigentlichkeit is owned or not. Heidegger regards the business of philosophy as the preservation of the power of the most elemental words. Otherwise, the words would be flattened by the common understanding and levelled off to that unintelligibility which functions in turn as a source of illusory problems. This is true specifically of the term Eigentlichkeit.
著者
Arshin Adib-Moghaddam
出版者
独立行政法人 日本貿易振興機構アジア経済研究所
雑誌
中東レビュー (ISSN:21884595)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, pp.75-81, 2019 (Released:2019-05-30)

20世紀の初頭から欧米の主導で発明され、機能してきた「中東」の地域概念はもはや存在していない。同様に旧オスマン帝国の領域を指す「近東」概念もその有効性をすでに完全に喪失した。現在では「西アジアおよび北アフリカ」地域と呼ぶべき同地域において、(1)米国の影響が度重なる失政によってますます周辺化していること、(2)その間隙を埋める域外大国としてロシアと中国が急速に台頭していること、(3)域内の主要な外交アクターとしてイランとトルコが影響力を強めていること、以上の3つの顕著な傾向を指摘することができる。こうした前提でトルコ・イラン関係をみる時、両国関係が地域的な安定にもたらす影響はどのようなものだろうか。その場合両国間の歴史的な長いライバル関係や対立関係にもかかわらず、20世紀以降の時代における両国関係は比較的良好なままに推移してきた。1979年のイラン革命直後の一時期はその例外であって、この時期には世俗主義的なケマル主義との齟齬が前面に出ていた。近年においてイラン・トルコ関係が大きく変化したのはトルコの親イスラーム政党である公正発展党(AKP)の2002年における躍進以降である。1996年に政権に就いた後、イランとの大幅な接近を試みたものの政権基盤が比較的脆弱だったエルバカン首相時代から、AKPの政権運営の下で軍部など世俗エリート層との抗争を経て、さらにエルドアン大統領のもと権力の集中が進むと、両国関係の深化は経済関係から安全保障分野までに広く及ぶ新たな段階を迎えるに至った。本論稿では以上の展開を近年の対クルディスタン問題やシリア問題、対米関係およびトルコのNATO加入などの文脈で具体的に検証し、最後に結論部で「アラブの春」以降の地域再編のなかで両国間の互恵に基づく広範な連携関係が積極的に果たしうる役割について展望する。(文責・鈴木均)