著者

車 兪澈 上田 卓也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生物物理学会

雑誌

生物物理 (ISSN:05824052)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.3, pp.162-164, 2016 (Released:2016-05-25)

参考文献数

5

著者

宮古 紀宏

出版者

早稲田大学大学院教職研究科

雑誌

早稲田大学大学院教職研究科紀要 (ISSN:1883664X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.89-102, 2011-03-01

著者

広本 勝也

出版者

慶應義塾大学日吉紀要刊行委員会

雑誌

慶応義塾大学日吉紀要 英語英米文学 (ISSN:09117180)

巻号頁・発行日

no.59, pp.1-30, 2011

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This paper concerns the life of Ted Hughes and poems selected from his main works. I begin by presenting an overview of the poet's life, which is indispensable in understanding his works of art. I then analyze ten poems to help us have an insight into the distinctive character of his writings.Edward James Hughes was born on 17 August 1930 in a terraced house in the village of Mytholmroyd, deep in a valley in West Yorkshire and within walking distance of Brontë country. His father, William Hughes, a carpenter, was one of only seventeen men from an entire regiment who had survived the battle of Gallipoli in the First World War. When Hughes was eight, the family moved to Mexborough in South Yorkshire, where William ran a newsagent and tobacconist shop. Ted Hughes was educated at Mexborough Grammar School and explored the moors, having a fascination for the wildlife in the Pennines. After leaving school, he spent two years in National Service as a wireless mechanic in the Royal Air Force in Yorkshire, after which, in 1951, he went up to Pembroke College, Cambridge.He read English for two years, and finding it sterile, changed to a course in Archaeology and Anthropology. After graduating in 1954, he took a number of odd jobs in London: rose-gardener, night-watchman, scullion in a zoo, and script reader at the J. Arthur Rank film company. Frequenting Cambridge, he decided in February 1956 to start a poetry magazine, St Botolph's Review, with some friends. It was at a party to celebrate the publication of the first issue that he met a Bostonian called Sylvia Plath, then a Fulbright scholar at Newnham College.Four months later, Hughes and Plath married in London and found a flat in Eltisley Avenue near Granchester Meadows in Cambridge. After Plath graduated from Cambridge in May 1957, they both moved to Boston in the U.S.A., where they taught and wrote from 1957 until 1959. When they returned to England, they rented a small flat in Chalcot Square in London. Their first child, Frieda, was born there in 1960, and they then moved into a large house, Court Green, in Devon. In 1962, their son Nicholas was born. Soon afterwards, however, Hughes fell in love with Assia Wevill, a poet who visited from London, where she lived after having resided for a long time in Canada. After Plath and Hughes separated, it was tragic that Plath took her own life in February 1963.In 1970, after Wevill committed suicide the previous year, in a mimicking way to Plath, Hughes married a nurse called Carol Orchard, and they lived in Court Green in Devon, where Hughes entered a remarkably productive period of writing in which he produced his major works. Consequently, he was recognized as a distinguished post-war poet, which culminated in his appointment as Poet Laureate in 1984. On 28 October in 1998, he died of cancer, only twelve days after he visited Buckingham Palace to receive the Queen's Order of Merit.Seeking the true way of healing, Hughes takes a shamanic approach to thinking about animals and writing about them. In his first collection of poems, The Hawk in the Rain (1957), he deals with the exuberance of energy, the war experience of his father, mass destruction, and the like. "Childbirth," one of the poems in the book, contrasts the ordinary world with the chaos that threatens a pregnant woman. In the poem, numbers have the symbolic role of restoring order to the surroundings familiar to her."Mayday on Holderness" in his second poetry collection, Lupercal (1960), evokes a grotesque scene of a heap of wastes and mess caused by the Battle of Gallipoli. One image dominating this poem is the sea, where deep-sea fish live among the debris, garbage, and wreckage, and in which the sea symbolizes everyday life, which absorbs everything into it. Another image is a digestive organ that eats up everything, including leftovers, as a mute eater.In "The Voyage" in Lupercal, the sea is nothing but a mystery, incomprehensible to humans. This is reminiscent of John Donne's poem, "Air and Angels," as Professor John Cary has pointed out. In the sea, there is something beyond the experience of men who feel isolated from the world due to the rebuffs of their lovers.According to the astronomy of the 15 th-16 th century, it is supposed that the earth, composed of the dusts of stars which exploded in pre-historic times, will be eaten up by other stars. Based on this idea, "Fire-Eater" in Lupercal, the poet, who is considered a small fire or life on the earth, entertains an ambition of eating big fires, which are gods seen in the shape of stars. Ironically, though, he eats earth instead of fire, after being pierced by a star.In "The Bear" in Wodwo (1967), the poet looks into the skeletal structure of human beings, confronting a bear, which is thought to eat its own meat. As a trial of the initiation of a shaman who wants to acquire esoteric power, he needs to meditate on his own skeleton."Ghost Crabs" in Wodwo is about enormous creatures that crawl out of the sea and stagger along the seashore. They enter into the unconsciousness and dreams of human beings on earth, looking to possess the whole world. They are inducing our souls into the nightmare of irrationality and are horrific in the sense that they are totally unaware of the destructive influence they have upon us. This poem, in which crabs are represented as psychopomps, looks at the self-consciousness of modern man, who is divided internally and externally.A hard-driving knight in "Gog, III" in Wodwo, believes in the principle founded on the puritanical belief that repudiates what his lover wants him to do. Having a negative view of women's bodies, he does not listen to her. Controlling natural energy, and inevitably disappointing her, he is characterized as a leading figure produced in the context of culture, religion, and society, which is contrasted with Coriolanus who succumbs to his mother's plea. Asking questions about modern thoughts in terms of literalism, Crow, a central character, in Crow, From the Life and Songs of the Crow (1970) makes us understand how they are illusory, false, and unfounded. Theories such as scientific determinism, the teachings of Christianity, and sexuality as a driving force, among others, bring forth just words, which have no gripping power on the contemporary mind.Gaudete (1977), a narrative poem composed of a series of episodes, shows the poetic perception and metaphysical visions, and explores the relationships between inner and outer natural energies in the stories of mythology and folklore. One of them particularly draws our attention because it depicts the death of Sylvia Plath, which reminds us of the scene in Samson Agonistes.In conclusion, Hughes, who was disappointed in Christianity, creates a poetic world influenced by ancient mythologies and rites of fertility. Although he is sometimes criticized for the brutality, violence, and sex he makes use of in his works, he attempts to attain a world that surpasses such phenomena. Considering that violence can be viewed as the intrinsic vitality animals have in nature, and that it should not be suppressed by reason, he perceives the emergence of a good conscience through the negative words and images, in trying to find a possible way to restore Eden.

著者

稲生, 若水

出版者

写

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[49],

著者

梅原 達治 ウメハラ タツジ Tatuzi UMEHARA

雑誌

札幌大学教養部紀要 = = The journal of the Faculty of General Education, Sapporo University

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.101-120b, 1985-09-30

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The author observed fourteen stone markers called Shanichisama in Kodama and three in Misato which are located in the north-western Saitama Prefecture, Japan. These are in the shape of pentagonal pillars with the appellations separately inscribed on their five lateral facets. This type of markers is found in the Kanto Plain, etc. In spite of their sporadic distribution, their similarity has been recognized. The markers may have been erected in the same pattern. Their instruction is described in the textbook entitled Shanichishogi written about 1781. People set up the markers according to this doctrine. It is possible that the doctrine was shared and handed down by scholars. The author also discusses their distribution. They appear sporadic not merely individually but in group patterns as observed in Kodama. It must be noted that, in Awa Province, the Shinto priest recommended that his Feudal Lord promulgate a decree to enshrine an Earth Deities in each village. The distribution of the markers has two elements: the pattern of the scholars' collaboration, and the influence exerted by individuals in certain area. The Lord held a supreme power over Awa Province in the feual days and the range of the markers' distribution is great with high density. The author is not able to identify the personages who have accepted this doctorine and exerted influence in Kodama. However, he proposes to examine the diffusion pattern of this type in the peasant's sectors in feudal and modern ages.

著者

Takahiro Hayashi Saori Ikehata Haruna Matsuzaki Kimio Yasuda Toshiyasu Makihara Akihiko Futamura Yuki Arakawa Rika Kuki Kumiko Fukuura Hiroshi Takahashi Naoharu Mori Takashi Higashiguchi Shigeki Yamada

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.12, pp.1860-1865, 2014-12-01 (Released:2014-12-01)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3 7

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Morphine, oxycodone, and fentanyl are commonly used to control cancer pain. Because these drugs have differences in receptor affinity or pharmacokinetic parameters, changing the opioid formulation may result in an unexpected outcome, depending on the patient’s condition. This study investigated whether low serum protein levels influence the effectiveness of opioid rotation by determining the impact of serum albumin levels on the analgesic effect before and after opioid rotation from morphine or oxycodone to fentanyl in cancer patients. The patients were classified into 3 groups according to their serum albumin levels before opioid rotation: group 1, <2.5 g/dL; group 2, from 2.5 g/dL to <3.0 g/dL; and group 3, ≥3.0 g/dL. There was no significant change in the percentage of patients with good pain control after rotation in group 1 or group 2; however, the percentage of patients with good pain control increased significantly in group 3. When the percentage of patients whose numerical rating scale scores increased, were unchanged, or decreased after rotation were compared, a significant difference in the percentage of those showing improvement was noted among the 3 groups and between groups 1 and 3. These findings suggest that monitoring serum albumin levels during fentanyl therapy is useful for pain management, and that the effectiveness of opioid rotation to fentanyl in patients with serum albumin levels of <2.5 g/dL should be carefully evaluated after rotation.

著者

五十嵐 博

出版者

東海大学海洋学部

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 海洋学部 (ISSN:13487620)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.19-26, 2013-07-31

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Melville's short fiction Happy Failure and The Fiddler clandestinely hold his cynical reaction to the critical damnation his 7th novel Pierre incurred. The "woeful box" in Happy Failure that contains the innovative apparatus which looks like "Anacondas and Adders" is suggestive of Pierre, and the story of The Fiddler starts from the moment the narrator's poem was damned like Pierre was.The theme and conclusion of Happy Failure are linked with those of The Fiddler and their common keywords are "fame" and "happiness." In Happy Failure "my uncle" worked for "fame" and "glory" to no purpose and in The Fiddler the narrator sought "immortal fame" in vain. They both realize in the end what they should go for is "happiness" among the mass of common people. The author's message for readers, lurking between the lines, is that naively speaking "happiness" lies in their being standard and commonplace or cynically speaking you have to be average and mediocre with no "fame" in order to be happy. This implicit message makes up the core and bottom line of both stories and is illustrated by the ways "my uncle" in Happy Failure and Hautboy in The Fiddler are.メルヴィルの短編『幸福な失敗』と『フィドル弾き』は彼の長編第7作『ピエール』が受けた酷評に対する作者のシニカルな反応を行間に潜めている.『幸福な失敗』の「アナコンダと毒蛇」に喩えられる革新的装置の入っている「悲しみにみちた箱」は『ピエール』を暗示する.『フィドル弾き』のストーリーは,「私」の詩が,『ピエール』へのそれを想起させる酷評を受けた時点から始まる.これら2つの短編のテーマと結論は連動しており,「名声」と「幸福」が共通のキーワードになっている.『幸福な失敗』では「私のおじさん」が「名声」と「栄光」を求めて失敗し,『フィドル弾き』では「私」が「不滅の名声」を求めて得られず,両者とも最終的に,求めるべきは凡俗の中の「幸福」であるという認識に到達する.作品にすり込まれている作者のメッセージは,人並みこそ「幸福」という素朴な認識,言い換えれば,「幸福」であるためには「名声」なき凡庸な人間でなければならないというシニカルな認識で,これが両作品の中核と結論を形成しており,『幸福な失敗』の「私のおじさん」と『フィドル弾き』のオウボイの存在の仕方は,この認識を例証している.

著者

高島易斷所 編

出版者

高島易斷所神宮館

巻号頁・発行日

vol.大正12年, 1922

著者

竹野長次 編

出版者

三省堂

巻号頁・発行日

1934

著者

早川 文代 井奥 加奈 阿久澤 さゆり 米田 千恵 風見 由香利 西成 勝好 中村 好宏 馬場 康維 神山 かおる

出版者

公益社団法人 日本食品科学工学会

雑誌

日本食品科学工学会誌 (ISSN:1341027X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.11, pp.488-502, 2007-11-15 (Released:2007-12-31)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

4 8

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前報2)の調査データを用いて,性別,年齢層別,調査地点別に消費者のテクスチャー語彙およびその中核となる用語を求めた.また,ロジスティック回帰分析によって用語の認知度に及ぼす人の属性の影響を調べた.その結果,以下の結果を得た.(1)各属性の各区分における消費者のテクスチャー語彙およびその中核となる用語を得た.(2)日本語テクスチャー用語445語について,用語の認知度に及ぼす人の属性の影響が明らかになった.(3)消費者のテクスチャー語彙の用語数も,その中核となる用語数も,男性よりも女性の方が多かった.女性の方がテクスチャーを表現する語彙が豊富であることが示唆された.女性の方が認知度の高い用語には“もそもそ”,“もったり”等がみられた.(4)消費者のテクスチャー語彙の用語数も,その中核となる用語数も,高い年齢層の方が低い年齢層に比べて多かった.時代による影響と世代による影響が考えられた.年齢層の高い方が認知度の高い用語には“かゆ状の”,“ぶりんぶりん”等,一方,年齢層の低い方が認知度の高い用語には“ぷにぷに”,“シュワシュワ”等がみられた.(5)消費者のテクスチャー語彙の用語数も,その中核となる用語数も,首都圏の方が多かった.首都圏の方が認知度の高い用語には,“ぼそぼそ”,“ぽくぽく”等,一方,京阪神地区の方が認知度の高い用語には“にちゃにちゃ”,“もろもろ”等がみられた.これらには方言の影響が推察された.以上の結果は,消費者を対象とした官能評価,質問紙調査および面接調査の設計の際に,また,消費者への情報発信を計画する際に重要な情報を提供する.さらに,食嗜好調査や食文化研究の考察の際にも有用な知見であると考えられる.

著者

清野謙次 著

出版者

創元社

巻号頁・発行日

1944

著者

椨 瑞希子

出版者

日本保育学会大会準備委員会

雑誌

日本保育学会大会発表論文集

巻号頁・発行日

no.57, pp.352-353, 2004

著者

山下 大厚

出版者

関東社会学会

雑誌

年報社会学論集 (ISSN:09194363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2001, no.14, pp.1-14, 2001-06-05 (Released:2010-04-21)

参考文献数

19

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This article examines the politics of the measurement of children's bodies. We usually think a priori that a measurement of a body and its measuring scale are objectively transparent and colorless things; and moreover, the measuring tools are deduced from an anatomically physical structure. However, considering the birth of a measurement scheme for bodies, we can easily find an obvious politically intention within the criteria of the measurement. That is, the regard of the measurement leads to the invention of a mean value for the collective body and making up a regulable substance.

著者

橋本 晋哉

出版者

洗足学園音楽大学

雑誌

洗足論叢 (ISSN:02877368)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.113-125, 2015-02-23

著者

明李之茂等纂

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[1], 1614

著者

林 照次 松木 智美 松江 浩二 新井 清一 福田 吉宏 米谷 融

出版者

日本化粧品技術者会

雑誌

日本化粧品技術者会誌 (ISSN:03875253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.355-373, 1993-12-16 (Released:2010-08-06)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

6 7

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We measured changes in facial wrinkles and skin texture by aging, sunlight exposure and applicaion of cosmetics.With a replica photographing system and image analysis, we measured wrinkles for parameters of depth and the ratio of wrinkled area (RWA: showing amount of wrinkles). As for skin texture, we measured depth and distance of furrows, ratio of furrow depth (RFD: showing amount of skin texture) and anisotropy.As a result of measuring changes in wrinkles due to aging, it was found that the process of wrinkle formation was classified roughly into 2 stages. In the initial stage of wrinkles, RWA incseased greatly in the 30s, due to many fine wrinkles 0.15mm or less in depth. Then, the second stage showed the acceleration in the increase of wrinkle depth which seemed to be caused by a vicious circle in solar elastosis. It was also observed that, compared to the office workers, the outdoor workers showed higher values of RWA in the initial stage and of wrinkle depth in the second stage.The result of measuring changes of textures revealed that the amount of furrows decreased with aging and morphology after 60s differed from that of natural furrows and resembled to the morphology observed in the initial stage of wrinkles. As for the influence of sunlight exposure, the furrows in the outdoor workers of 30s and 40s became more indistinct in comparison to those of the office workers.Then, as a result of examining changes in wrinkles by the continuous application of moisturizing lotion and eye cream, relatively small wrinkles below 0.15mm depth decreased in both cases probably due to increase in hydration in the stratum corneum. We thought this effect reduced the degree of vicious circle in solor elastosis and delayed the appearances of deep wrinkles. From these results, it was thought that skin care around the age of 30s, when small wrinkles started to increase, was extremely important to control wrinkle appeararances.

著者

井上 貞明

出版者

東京情報大学

雑誌

経営情報科学 (ISSN:09151850)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.3, pp.321-346, 1994-01

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[29], 1600

著者

志鷹 拓哉 村島 基之 梅原 徳次 月山 陽介 新田 勇 上坂 裕之 鄧 興瑞

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.854, pp.17-00252-17-00252, 2017 (Released:2017-10-25)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

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This paper addresses a novel lightweight and low starting torque bearing with looped carbon fiber brush (LCFB). LCFB simulates bristle of living being. Moreover, the static friction coefficient is nearly equal to the kinetic friction coefficient. By applying LCFB to a slide bearings, where a shaft is supported by multiple LCFBs, it is realized low starting torque bearings as well as lightness compared to conventional ball bearings. In this paper, we manufacture prototype LCFB slide bearings. With the bearings, we compare friction torque between LCFB slide bearings, slide bearings and deep groove ball bearings. As results, the ratio of starting torque to regular torque of LCFB slide bearing is from 0.93 to 1.07 which is smaller than that of the slide bearing. When micro-spline shaft is used as a mating material of LCFB slide bearing, the torque reduces because of decrease of real contact area between LCFB and mating materials. In addition, since LCFB utilize elastic deformation of fibers, LCFB slide bearings are not endurable in heavy radial load as high as load rating of ball bearing. Therefore, we define the load capacity of LCFB slide bearing from buckling load of a carbon fiber bundle to avoid overload state. We propose the load capacity as a design guideline of LCFB slide bearings.

著者

青森県 [編]

出版者

青森県内務部

巻号頁・発行日

vol.昭和元年度, 1927