著者

ちこ

出版者

中央公論新社

雑誌

婦人公論

巻号頁・発行日

vol.102, no.2, pp.52-55, 2017-01-24

著者

浜中 亮治

出版者

一般社団法人 色材協会

雑誌

色材協会誌 (ISSN:0010180X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.6, pp.302-305, 1961-06-30 (Released:2012-11-20)

著者

井上 克弘 張 一飛 成瀬 敏郎

出版者

一般社団法人日本土壌肥料学会

雑誌

日本土壌肥料學雜誌 (ISSN:00290610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.6, pp.619-628, 1994-12-05

被引用文献数

4

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1990年6月から3年間,兵庫県加東群社町において,50点の雨水を採取し,pH,雨水中の風成塵降下量および雨水の化学成分の変動について観測した.採取した雨水のうち,80%が酸性雨であった.雨水中に含まれる降雨風成塵のうち粒径<20μmの画分は41%であり,春期に多い傾向がある.海水の Na^+ 濃度に対する富化率から,SO_4^<2->, NO_3^- , NH_4^+ は大気汚染物質起源,Ca^<2+>,K^+ は広域風成塵起源,Na^+, Mg^<2+>, Cl^- は風送海降塩起源と推定した.雨水の nssSO_4^<2-> ,NO_3^- の年平均降下量はそれぞれ 1.57, 1.69 meq m^<-2gt;であり, Ca^<2+>の年平均 降下量は 1.49 meq m^<-2> であった.雨水中の Ca^<2+> 降下量と<20 μm の風成塵の降下量の間には高い相関が認められた.これは雨水中の Ca^<2+> が,風成塵中のカルサイトと酸性物質の硫酸との反応の結果生成した硫酸カルシウムの雨水への溶解に由来するためと考えた.東アジアにおける雨水は,中国の長江以南地域にくらべ長江以北地域や韓国で pH 値が高く,SO_4^<2-> + NO_3^- 濃度および Ca^<2+> 濃度がいずれも高い.しかし,長江以北地域とほぼ同緯度に位置するわが国の雨水は酸性が強く, SO_4^<2-> + NO_3^- 濃度から推定される程には Ca^<2+> 濃度が高くなかった.この原因は,中国内陸部乾燥地域からわが国に輸送される広域風塵中のカルサイトが,輸送の過程で中国長江以北地域や朝鮮半島上空の酸性物質の中和に消費されてしまい,近年わが国にはカルサイト含量の少ないすなわち酸性雨中和能の低い広域風成塵が輸送されているためであると解釈した.

著者

菊本 英紀 崔 元 準 大岡 龍三

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.734, pp.357-365, 2017 (Released:2017-04-30)

参考文献数

23

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Natural ventilation is a good measure to reduce the thermal load of a building and create a good thermal environment for the occupants. To predict the ventilation performance of a building, related ventilation parameters should be estimated. However, obtaining an accurate prediction or estimation before the construction is completed is difficult because of the fluctuating characteristics of turbulent, complex local flow field affected by surrounding buildings and city-scale topology. These problems make the application of natural ventilation difficult, and therefore, an in situ experimental method adopted after the construction of a building is completed would be a more reliable way of obtaining accurate ventilation parameters. The tracer gas method is a frequently used in situ method to examine ventilation performance. However, deterministic evaluation using this method has its drawbacks in terms of accuracy, and the uncertainty of results could be large because of fluctuating environmental conditions and intrinsic error of measurement. Therefore, when parameters related to natural ventilation are estimated, the estimates and their uncertainty should be concurrently evaluated. In this study, using a Bayesian approach, we propose a new estimation method that yields not only the estimates, but also the probability distribution of the estimates. To validate the proposed method, we reproduced a tracer gas experiment using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation because the experimental absolute true values that are unknown in most situations were required for evaluating the proposed method. Using the data from CFD simulation, estimations of the ventilation rate and effective room volume were obtained using two different methods: probabilistic estimation based on Bayes' theorem, and deterministic estimation using the quasi-Newton method. In the probabilistic estimation, a method of simultaneously estimating the degree of the difference between the measurement value and the prediction value required for estimation was proposed. The estimation results showed that the estimated values of the deterministic method and probabilistic method (mode of probability distribution function) were very close to the true value set in the CFD simulation. However, the probabilistic method has some advantages over the deterministic method in that the former method can provide not only the estimates, but also the probability distribution of each estimate and its confidence interval. Additionally, in the case of a simultaneous estimation of more than two unknown parameters, it is important to analyze the correlation among parameters. By creating a joint probability density function, the correlation between the estimation parameters is determined, and this is another important advantage of the probabilistic estimation method.

著者

中田 行重

出版者

関西大学臨床心理専門職大学院 心理臨床カウンセリングルーム

雑誌

関西大学心理臨床カウンセリングルーム紀要

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.73-80, 2011-03

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わが国におけるアディクション(嗜癖)の臨床について文献をもとに概観した。アディクションは家族からだけでなく、精神科医や臨床心理士など専門家からも当人の人格の問題と見られがちであるが、これと言った定式化された援助方針がなく、社会や経済とも絡む厄介な病気である。先ず、アディクションとは何かについて現象と診断の問題、病理学の推移について概観した。次に、精神障害とアディクションとの重複傷害、ベンゾジアゼピン系の抗不安薬やSSRIという処方薬物へのアディクション、社会的機能の喪失の観点からアディクションの持つ深刻な複合性についてまとめた。更に、アディクション発症の危険因子について生物学的視点と家族論的視点から紹介し、最後にアディクションに対して最近の提唱されることの多い治療としてグループ療法(自助グループあるいは集団療法)があることを紹介した。

著者

Bihe Kong Lei Chen Yasuhiro Kasahara Akihiro Sumida Kiyomi Ono Jan Wild Arata Nagatake Ryusuke Hatano Toshihiko Hara

出版者

日本微生物生態学会 / 日本土壌微生物学会 / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / 植物微生物研究会

雑誌

Microbes and Environments (ISSN:13426311)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.ME16154, (Released:2017-04-28)

被引用文献数

5

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In order to understand the relationships between understory bamboo and soil properties, we compared microbial community structures in the soil of a Betula ermanii boreal forest with Sasa kurilensis present and removed using high-throughput DNA sequencing. The presence of understory S. kurilensis strongly affected soil properties, including total carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate, and the C:N ratio as well as relative soil moisture. Marked differences were also noted in fungal and bacterial communities between plots. The relative abundance of the fungal phylum Ascomycota was 13.9% in the Sasa-intact plot and only 0.54% in the Sasa-removed plot. Among the Ascomycota fungi identified, the most prevalent were members of the family Pezizaceae. We found that the abundance of Pezizaceae, known to act as mycorrhizal fungi, was related to the amount of total carbon in the Sasa-intact plot. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly higher, whereas those of Planctomycetes and Actinobacteria were lower in the Sasa-intact plot than in the Sasa-removed plot. Furthermore, the results obtained suggest that some species of the phylum Planctomycetes are more likely to occur in the presence of S. kurilensis. Collectively, these results indicate that the presence of S. kurilensis affects microbial communities and soil properties in a B. ermanii boreal forest.

著者

廣谷 鏡子

出版者

NHK放送文化研究所

雑誌

放送研究と調査 (ISSN:02880008)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.11, pp.36-47, 2012-11

著者

棚原 朗 桐原 成元 垣花 廣幸

出版者

日本応用動物昆虫学会

雑誌

日本応用動物昆虫学会誌 (ISSN:00214914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.4, pp.245-250, 1994-11-25 (Released:2009-02-12)

参考文献数

12

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To evaluate the effect of chilling on mass-reared melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae COQ., groups of adult flies were exposed to 3, 0.5, -2.2 and -3.5°C for 6, 12, 24 and 48h. The recovery and longevity of adult chilled for less than 24h at about 0.5°C was not adversely affected. A special container for chilled flies, which was able to keep the temperature below 10°C for 4h, was designed for their long-distance transport. The longevities of flies using aerial distribution by helicopter and hand release on the ground using the chilled transport container were compared with direct release from an emergence box without chilling at Miyagi Island in Okinawa Prefecture. There were no significant differences in longevity between the three release methods.

著者

三浦 麻子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.298, 2008-02-29 (Released:2017-02-08)

著者

Abbas Milani

出版者

Persian World Press

巻号頁・発行日

2008

著者

野田 泰子 坂井 香織 東條 恵 桜川 宣男 有馬 正高

出版者

The Japanese Society of Child Neurology

雑誌

脳と発達 (ISSN:18847668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.82-85, 1990

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典型的な重症型ネマリンミオパチーで, 9歳の現在まで生存している女児例を報告した. 筋症状は重度で, 抗重力運動はほとんどみられない. これら非進行性の筋症状にもかかわらず, 肺性心は徐々に進行している.乳児期より発症する重症型ネマリンミオパチーは, 予後不良な疾患で, 多くは2歳までに呼吸不全のため死亡する. この型のネマリンミオパチーとして, 本症例は, 調べ得た範囲では, 世界最年長である.<BR>重度の障害にもかかわらず, 言語指導, 電動車椅子の導入により, 患児の生活範囲は, 拡大しつつある.

著者

高橋 大輔

出版者

岐阜薬科大学

巻号頁・発行日

2012

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博士論文

著者

庄垣内 正弘

出版者

日本言語学会

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

no.124, pp.1-36, 2003-11

著者

庄垣内 正弘

出版者

日本言語学会

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2003, no.124, pp.1-36, 2003

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The author found fragments of Chinese texts in Uighur script at the St. Petersburg Branch for Oriental Studies of Russian Academy of Sciences and identified their corresponding Chinese originals. The phonological system of the Chinese written in Uighur is basically the same as that of the northwestern dialects of Tang and Five Dynasties. Although the fragments were composed later during the period of Yuan Dynasty, its phonological system is undoubtedly quite different from that of colloquial Chinese used in Yuan Dynasty. As a result of detailed examination of the texts, it has become clear that the phonological system behind the texts is well reflected by the Uighur inherited reading of Chinese characters similar to the Japanese Ondoku system, i.e., Chinese reading of Chinese characters.<br>On the other hand, it is occasionally observed that Chinese characters are sporadically inserted between Uighur lines in the above texts. These inserted Chinese characters must have been read in Uighur. These Chinese characters appear not only as words, but also as phrases and sentences. An interesting fact is that in some bilingual texts such as &Prime;Thousand Character Essay&Prime;the Uighur inherited, reading of Chinese is followed by its corresponding Uighur translation. Furthermore, in other texts represented by &Prime;Abhidharmakosabhasya-tika Tattvartha&Prime;, it is recorded how Uighur speakers read Chinese texts in Uighur pronunciation, translating the contents into the Uighur language. Taking these facts into consideration, a conclusion is inevitable that Uighurs had their own way of reading Chinese texts which is typologically comparable to the Japanese Kundoku system, i.e., Japanese reading of Chinese characters.<br>Japanese is known as a language in which Ondoku and Kundoku are well developed. It is extremely difficult to understand the contents of Chinese texts merely by listening to Ondoku reading, where a large number of homonyms are created by the loss of many phonological distinctions. Japanese Buddhist monks recite Chinese Buddhist texts following the Ondoku system, but at the same time they understand the contents by Kundoku reading utilizing ideographic nature of Chinese characters. The author would like to argue that Uighur monks of the Yuan dynasty period employed the same kind of method when reciting Chinese texts.

著者

末石 直也

出版者

神戸大学

雑誌

若手研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2013-04-01

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本研究では、経験尤度をベイズ推定の尤度として用いるベイズ推定の方法を提案し、モーメント不等式モデルの推定に応用した。事後分布の漸近的な性質を明らかにするとともに、経験尤度をベイズの尤度として用いることの有限標本での妥当性について検証した。また、本研究では、条件付モーメント制約モデルのleast favorableモデルを求めた。さらに、この結果を用いて、モデルの効率性の限界を導出するとともに、漸近的に効率的な推定量を提案した。この推定量は条件付モーメント制約モデルの経験尤度推定量として解釈することができる。

雑誌

情報処理

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.5, pp.371-384, 2017-04-15

著者

AOKI Shigeyuki

出版者

日本昆虫学会

雑誌

昆蟲 (ISSN:09155805)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.276-282, 1977-06-25

被引用文献数

1

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Colophina clematis is a woolly aphid with a peculiar kind of dimorphism in the 1st instar larval stage : "primary-type" larva and the unusually characterized "secondary-type" larva. Some hypotheses explaining the biological role of secondary-type 1st instar larva were proposed and tested, and the following one is accepted as the conclusion of this paper : Secondary-type 1st instar larvae attack intruders, thus they serve for defending their colony from some predators ; and they neither grow nor reproduce. Further problems are briefly pointed out.

著者

五代秀尭, 橋口兼柄 共編

出版者

山本盛秀

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20(巻之58-60), 1905

著者

宮崎 正明

出版者

公益社団法人 精密工学会

雑誌

精密工学会誌 (ISSN:09120289)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.8, pp.949-952, 2009-08-05 (Released:2011-02-07)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1

著者

窪薗 晴夫

出版者

大修館書店

雑誌

言語 (ISSN:02871696)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.26-35, 2003-02