著者
大西 武夫 朝倉 俊行
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 C編 (ISSN:03875024)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.701, pp.164-170, 2005-01-25 (Released:2011-08-16)
参考文献数
19

In order to realize universal 8-legged walking of just as creatural spiders and adapt to environments, this paper is concerned with cooperative walking control for a spider-type robot. At first, we examine how a spider walks on the floor to ascertain its gait. Second, a spider-type robot which is possible to walk by 8-legs is made experimentally. And using our trial robot, we perform walking experiments to check whether various walking types are possible. The walking types are forward, beck, diagonal, revolution and R-advance. Next, we observe whether a spider reacts well to the environment and then how a spider walks. A creatural spider responds to environmental information by adapting various walking forms, in cases of escaping from natural enemies or fear, wandering around for hunting game and so on. Finally, the mechanisms of these walking forms are examined and verified through simulation experiment. And, we discuss 8-legged cooperative control. The experiment uses various information such as fatigue, fear and distance. Moreover, fuzzy theory is used for controlling the walking velocity by expressing obscure environmental information.
著者
神力 正宣
出版者
一般社団法人 電気学会
雑誌
電気学会誌 (ISSN:13405551)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.120, no.10, pp.606-609, 2000-10-01 (Released:2008-04-17)
参考文献数
6
被引用文献数
1
著者
中野 武雄
出版者
一般社団法人 日本真空学会
雑誌
Journal of the Vacuum Society of Japan (ISSN:18822398)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.8, pp.308-312, 2014 (Released:2014-08-25)
参考文献数
3

Discharge plasma, especially that generated at low gas pressures, is an important application of vacuum technology. This article describes the unique features of low gas pressure plasma, generation of plasma discharge and various plasma parameters. Plasma-wall interaction, which is very important for many plasma-related technologies, is also discussed considering the collisionless sheath model.
著者
Saki KONDO Takuya KARASAWA Ayumi FUKAZAWA Atsuko KOIKE Momoko TSUTSUI Shin TERADA
出版者
Center for Academic Publications Japan
雑誌
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.2, pp.97-103, 2022-04-30 (Released:2022-04-30)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
3

We previously reported that the combination of a very high-carbohydrate diet and endurance training increased glucose transporter 4 and glycogen concentration in skeletal muscle. However, it remains unclear whether they also affect the digestive and absorptive capacity in the pancreas and small intestine, which are suggested to be rate-limiting steps in the delivery of exogenous carbohydrates to skeletal muscle and muscle glycogen synthesis. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of a very high-carbohydrate diet and endurance training on pancreatic amylase activity and intestinal glucose transporters in rats and to examine the relationship between these adaptations and their influence on muscle glycogen concentration. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (n=29) were fed a high-carbohydrate diet (59% carbohydrate) or a very high-carbohydrate diet (76% carbohydrate) for 4 wk. Half of the rats in each dietary group were subjected to 6-h swimming exercise training (two 3-h sessions separated by 45 min of rest) for 4 wk. Although there was no significant effect of diet or endurance training on sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 and glucose transporter 2 contents in the intestine, the rats fed a very high-carbohydrate diet in combination with endurance training had substantially higher pancreatic amylase activity and muscle glycogen concentration. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between pancreatic amylase activity and muscle glycogen concentration (r=0.599, p=0.001). In conclusion, intake of a very high-carbohydrate diet and endurance training synergistically elevated carbohydrate digestive capacity, which partially accounted for the higher muscle glycogen accumulation.
著者
箕輪 憲吾 吉田 敏明
出版者
日本コーチング学会
雑誌
コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.1, pp.17-24, 1996-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)
参考文献数
17

The rule was revised in 1994, and the serving zone was enlarged and two consecutive contacts was allowed in the first contact. Samples were taken from 190 sets played in the 1995 spring Kyushu league of intercollegiate women's volleyball and analyzed to clarify the influence of the rule revision on service and serve-reception.    Main findings were as follows:    1) We divided the 9 meter new serving zone into three 3 meter segments to compare in this study. No considerable difference was found among the three segments in the statistics on the direction of service and the evaluation of results. Service from the previous serving zone accounted for more than half (52.42%) of the whole services.    2) Directions of services which were instrumental in winning/losing the set differed among the three serving zone segments. It was inferred that the direction of service is very important in the game under the newly revised rules.    3) The overhand serve-receptions accounted for very small part (1.46%) of the whole serve-receptions.    4) No considerable difference was found in the evaluation of underhand serve-reception and overhand serve-reception. Almost no influence of the newly revised rules on serve-reception was observed.
著者
日高 義浩
出版者
日本教育情報学会
雑誌
教育情報研究 (ISSN:09126732)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.3, pp.31-40, 2016 (Released:2017-05-01)
参考文献数
10

本報は,アクティブ・ラーニングの手法の1つである協調学習「知識構成型ジグソー法」を用いた授業の実践事例である.知識構成型ジグソー法を取り入れた授業は,教科「工業」の科目「電子情報技術」において実施した.知識構成型ジグソー法を取り入れた授業終了後,生徒に質問紙調査を行い,その結果について分析を行った.その結果から,知識構成型ジグソー法を用いた授業の有用性ならびにその授業における課題について追究した.その結果,①エキスパート活動,ジグソー活動等を通じて生徒同士が教えあうことで責任感が身に付くと感じていること,②生徒同士で学びあうことが多くなるため,一緒に学習する生徒によって学習内容が変わってくると感じている生徒もいること,などを明確にした.
著者
Michimasa Fujiogi Takaaki Konishi Nobuaki Michihata Yohei Hashimoto Hiroki Matsui Tetsuya Ishimaru Kiyohide Fushimi Hideo Yasunaga Jun Fujishiro
出版者
Society for Clinical Epidemiology
雑誌
Annals of Clinical Epidemiology (ISSN:24344338)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.23004, (Released:2022-09-29)

Background: Little is known about perioperative outcomes after pediatric thyroidectomy. This study was performed to compare perioperative outcomes between children and adults undergoing thyroid cancer surgery using a nationwide inpatient database in Japan.Methods: Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we identified patients aged 0 to 40 years with thyroid cancer who underwent thyroidectomy from July 2010 to March 2020. To compare the occurrence of in-hospital morbidities including local complications (e.g., recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, postoperative bleeding), duration of anesthesia, postoperative length of stay, and total hospitalization costs between children (0–18 years) and adults (19–40 years), we used multivariable logistic regression analysis for the occurrence of in-hospital morbidities and linear regression for other outcomes. Results: For 16,016 eligible patients (666 children vs. 15,350 adults), no significant differences between the two groups were found in any in-hospital morbidity (5.4% vs. 5.9%; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57–1.14; P=0.23), local complications (5.0% vs. 5.5%; OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.55–1.15; P=0.22), recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (2.1% vs. 2.4%; OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.45–1.35; P=0.37), or postoperative bleeding (1.7% vs. 1.4%; OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.53–1.87; P=0.98). Children showed a longer duration of anesthesia (difference, 20 minutes; 95% CI, 13–27; P<0.001) and higher total costs (difference, 445 US dollars; 95% CI, 239–651; P<0.001) than adults.Conclusion: This large nationwide cohort study showed no significant difference in perioperative complications between children and adults undergoing thyroid cancer surgery.
著者
白坂 康俊
出版者
The Japan Society of Logopedics and Phoniatrics
雑誌
音声言語医学 (ISSN:00302813)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.3, pp.248-252, 2007-07-20 (Released:2010-06-22)
参考文献数
4

AACを適応する場合, コミュニケーションを維持するための言語力ならびに精神機能の評価と, 機器を操作する身体機能の評価を行う.評価の結果, 言語処理過程のうちどの過程の障害かが判断できるので, それにそって適応を決定する.適応にあたっては, 実際の装用状態での継続的な評価が重要であり, 実用的に使用している状態まで確認することが大切である.また, AACの限界は, 使用する側の障害の重症度から生じる限界と, 機器そのものがもつ限界がある.こうした限界を十分知りながら適応を考えることにより, 初めて障害をもつ方のQOLに貢献することができる.その一方で, 適応の限界を広げていくための努力も強く求められている.
著者
清水 誠治 横溝 千尋 石田 哲士 森 敬弘 富岡 秀夫
出版者
一般社団法人 日本消化器内視鏡学会
雑誌
日本消化器内視鏡学会雑誌 (ISSN:03871207)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.1, pp.3-14, 2014 (Released:2014-02-22)
参考文献数
37
被引用文献数
1

潰瘍性大腸炎とCrohn病はいずれも原因不明の慢性疾患であるが,慣例的に狭義の炎症性腸疾患(inflammatory bowel disease;IBD)と呼ばれ,それぞれに診断基準が定められている.診断においては画像診断が重要な役割を担うが,IBDと画像所見が類似する様々な疾患を鑑別する必要がある.近年,IBDの治療が進歩するとともに,さらに正確な診断が求められている.特に,カンピロバクター腸炎,アメーバ性大腸炎,腸結核,エルシニア腸炎などの腸管感染症をIBDと誤診することは回避しなければならない.また,潰瘍性大腸炎とCrohn病の鑑別が問題となる症例の対応にも注意を要する.本稿ではIBDと鑑別を要する疾患との大腸内視鏡による鑑別診断について解説した.
著者
伊豆津 健一 阿部 康弘 栗田 麻里 吉田 寛幸
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.22-00185, (Released:2022-11-24)
参考文献数
78
被引用文献数
4

Several Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compliance issues and their associated quality problems that have been revealed since 2020 have led to large-scale recalls and supply suspensions of drug products in Japan. This paper provides an overview of the causes and countermeasures for supply disruptions of low-molecular-weight chemical pharmaceutical agents, focusing on quality-related issues. A recent increase in the use of generic drugs emphasized the importance of strengthening active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) supply chains and ensuring GMP compliance among drug manufacturers. In addition, increasing recalls in the drug products of certain marketing authorization holders due to storage stability problems strongly suggests the need to improve their development process considerably. Other measures to stabilize the supply of pharmaceuticals, including increasing stockpiles of APIs, were also discussed.
著者
所 千晴
出版者
ホソカワミクロン株式会社
雑誌
粉砕 (ISSN:04299051)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, pp.13-20, 2022-12-15 (Released:2022-12-15)
参考文献数
14

SDGsそしてカーボンニュートラル時代を迎え,サーキュラー・エコノミーをはじめとする資源循環型社会構築に対する社会の関心はますます高まっている。資源循環のための粉体プロセス技術には,物理的,物理化学的,化学的な種々の分離技術が存在するが,いずれも省エネルギーかつ省資源という大きな制約を満たすことが大前提であり,カーボンニュートラルなどの環境負荷低減と資源循環との両立のために,サーキュラー・エコノミーのような多重資源循環ループを支える多様な分離技術開発が必要とされている。本稿ではそのような取り組み例として,カーボンニュートラル促進による需要の指数関数的な増加が見込まれるリチウムイオン電池に対し,サーキュラー・エコノミーの概念図にある一番外側のリサイクル技術開発と,その内側の正極活物質粒子ダイレクトリサイクル技術開発の例を紹介した。

2 0 0 0 OA 2D3D変換技術

著者
三田 雄志
出版者
一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会
雑誌
映像情報メディア学会誌 (ISSN:13426907)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.2, pp.116-121, 2013 (Released:2015-02-02)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
2 3
著者
Takashi HOSHIDE Masaaki OBATA Takashi AKATSUKA
出版者
Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences
雑誌
Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences (ISSN:13456296)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.101, no.5, pp.223-239, 2006 (Released:2006-10-14)
参考文献数
43
被引用文献数
21 23

The Murotomisaki Gabbroic Complex is a sill-like layered intrusion of up to 220 m in thickness and is located at Cape Muroto, Kochi Prefecture, Japan. There are several olivine-rich zones within the intrusion, which may have been formed through accumulation of olivine crystals. However, up to now it has not been clear as to whether all of the olivine-rich zones formed in this way. To clarify this, we reinvestigated the layered structure by collecting a consistent data set of modal composition, crystal size, and crystal number density of olivine from throughout the intrusion. It was found out that nearly all of the olivine crystals, in terms of crystal numbers, occur in the basal olivine-rich zone (within 40 m of the base of the intrusion), and the average value of the crystal number density of olivine throughout the entire intrusion coincides with the crystal number density of olivine in the outermost parts of the lower and upper chilled margins. Hence, we conclude that most primary olivine phenocrysts within the magma settled under the influence of gravity and accumulated to form the basal olivine-rich zone. The crystal number density of olivine within the mid-level zones (40-100 m from the base of the intrusion) is much less than the initial values, as indicated by values recorded in the chilled margins. It is proved that the increase of the olivine mode within this zone is attributed not to the crystal accumulation of olivine but to the increase of the crystal size of olivine, i.e., the crystal growth. In this way, considering the mode, crystal size, and crystal number density of olivine throughout the intrusion, the olivine-rich zones within the intrusion can be classified, in terms of their origin, as either crystal accumulation zone (AC zone) or crystal growth zone (GR zone). The growth of olivine crystals in the GR zone was apparently accompanied by an increase in MgO, FeO, and MnO concentrations to levels well above initial (i.e., the chilled marginal) values. This enrichment suggests that crystal growth occurred within a chemically open system in the sense that the increase in MgO content within the GR zone arose from material transfer between the boundary layer (the GR zone) and the overlying magma.
著者
岡田 涼 解良 優基
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.4, pp.376-388, 2022-12-30 (Released:2022-12-30)
参考文献数
62

本研究では,「学級の目標構造の知覚は児童・生徒にどの程度共有されているか」という問いについて,級内相関係数に対するメタ分析によって検討した。系統的な文献検索によって,34論文から38研究を収集した(N=44,807)。得られた級内相関係数は120個(熟達目標構造89個,遂行目標構造31個)であった。メタ分析によって推定された級内相関係数の値は,熟達目標構造の知覚が.14,遂行目標構造の知覚が.09であった。それぞれの目標構造の下位側面については,熟達目標構造が.13―.20,遂行目標構造が.05―.14であった。調整変数として,評定の対象(学級,教師)と平均クラスサイズの効果を検討したが,効果はみられなかった。本研究で推定された級内相関係数の値について,マルチレベル分析の適用,他の学級風土研究での級内相関,個人の目標志向性の級内相関,の3点から検討し,最後に目標構造の知覚から教育実践に対する示唆について論じた。