著者

栗田 宣義

出版者

日本選挙学会

雑誌

選挙研究 (ISSN:09123512)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.122-138,188, 2000-02-28 (Released:2009-01-22)

参考文献数

36

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「教育水準」「被雇用者」「消費財保有」「資産保有」といった4系統の社会経済カテゴリーの通時的変動をみると,1955年から1995年にかけての40年間における日本社会の変動は,(1)高学歴化,(2)被雇用者化,(3)消費財普及,(4)資産格差の持続,といった4点に要約できるが,この社会経済変動と社共支持率低落を関連づけ,インテリ左翼溶解仮説,労働者左翼溶解仮説,脱物質仮説,資産格差仮説からなる左翼主義逓減の説明モデルを提示する。SSMデータを用いた5時点のロジスティック回帰分析によれば,労働者左翼溶解仮説を除いては,ほぼ仮説の確認がなされた。かつて,1955年時点では,高学歴層,被雇用者層,消費財を持たない層,資産を持たない層が左翼主義であった。日本社会の変貌は左翼主義への支持を溶解,矮小化させ,40年後の1995年時点には,被雇用者層,資産を持たない層のみが左翼主義である構造にとって代わられたのである。社民党が左翼大衆政党としての歴史的使命を終えた構造的背景がここにある。

著者

太郎丸 博

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.37-51,158, 2007-05-31 (Released:2016-03-23)

参考文献数

33

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It is often asserted that the reason why young women are more apt than young men to be jobless or part-time workers is their sex-role attitude. This hypothesis argues that men have no choice other than working full time, but women have several choices: full-time job, part-time job or joblessness. Because young women with a strong sex-role attitude have little incentive to work full time, they tend to be jobless or part-time workers. Therefore, young women are more apt to be jobless or part-time workers than are young men. The aim of this paper is to examine this hypothesis which we call the "sex-role hypothesis." We show that previous papers do not prove the sex-role hypothesis; they merely assert the hypothesis from the results of only a few interviews with young jobless or part-time workers, or they show only zero-order association between young women's jobs and sex-role attitude. Our data are a sample from the Kinki area of Japan in 2005, the respondents being men and women aged between 18 and 34. The survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews and web pages. The results of logistic-regression analyses show that sex-role attitude still has a significant effect on the "Freeter" dummy when education is controlled, but that its effect disappears when age is controlled. This means that women aged between 18 and 25 have a stronger sex-role attitude and arc more apt to be jobless or part-time workers than those aged from 30 to 34. It produces a spurious association between their jobs and their sex-role attitude, while there is no causal relationship between them. This result falsifies the sex-role hypothesis, and implies that young women's jobs and sex-role attitude are structurally conditioned by social constraints that change according to age.

著者

平沢 尚毅 中野 廣 鈴木 一重

出版者

一般社団法人 日本人間工学会

雑誌

人間工学 (ISSN:05494974)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2Supplement, pp.352-353, 1999-05-15 (Released:2010-03-12)

参考文献数

1

著者

小島 律子

出版者

日本学校音楽教育実践学会

雑誌

学校音楽教育研究 (ISSN:13429043)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.27-38, 2016-03-31 (Released:2016-08-16)

参考文献数

62

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Working within the framework of Dewey's concept of “experience,” this paper aims to clarify the relationship between Aesthetic Education and Action Learning, and, moving beyond them, put forward a third theory : the Generating of Music. First, the structure of Dewey's concept of experience will be defined. Second, the theories and practices of Aesthetic Education, Action Learning, and the Generating of Music are examined in light of Dewey's concept of experience. Third, the verification of the Generating of Music as a third theory of music education is posited. The nature of experience is in the connection to the element of “trying” and “undergoing.” However, both Aesthetic Education and Action Learning focus only on “trying,” not “undergoing.” Thus, they disregard a child's inner world in the music teaching-learning process. To relate “trying” to “undergoing” can unify “doing” with “knowing.” This unification enables the lifelong development of musical experience. Moreover, to relate “trying” to “undergoing” can encourage the formation of a child's inner world and ensure the development thereof. The Generating of Music is a third theory of music education because of its relationship between “trying” and “undergoing”.

著者

川島 貴広 石川 勉

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.5, pp.326-336, 2005 (Released:2005-07-05)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

3 5

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We have developed a knowledge base of words as a tool to measure the semantic similarity between words. In this paper, we evaluate the knowledge base of words comparing with thesauruses, which are commonly used for measuring similarity. Thesauruses of NIHONGO-GOI-TAIKEI(NGT) and Japan Electronic Dictionary(EDR) are selected for the evaluation. For similarity calculation methods using thesauruses, we adopt a newly proposed method, in which each word is represented with vector using the structural feature of thesauruses and the degree of similarity between words is calculated by the inner product of their vectors, in addition to traditional methods based on the path length between categories or the depth of the subsumer. Evaluation is carried out through the two methods, that is, a traditional method based on human rating and the method we have already proposed, feasible for evaluating automatically without human judgment. Evaluation result shows that the knowledge base of word is superior to the both thesauruses(NGT outperforming EDR) as measurement tools, and the proposed calculation method outperforms the traditional ones. The result also shows that our evaluation method is a practical one, by investigating the correlation of both methods.

著者

新井 洋 土井 康明 中島 卓司 陸田 秀実 三好 潤

出版者

社団法人 日本船舶海洋工学会

雑誌

日本船舶海洋工学会論文集 (ISSN:18803717)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.55-62, 2009 (Released:2009-10-08)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

7

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The objective of the present study is to elucidate the ow mechanism of delaying stall by use of wavy leading edges. Experiments were carried out to examine the effects of variant wavy leading edges attached on NACA0018 section wing of aspect ratio 1.6. The Reynolds number based on the chord length is Rec = 1:38 × 105 for the experiments. For these tests, lift, drag, and moment of wings with and without wavy leading edges were measured in a circular water channel. Flow visualization on the surface of wings was also conducted in order to clarify the eects of the wavy leading edges on the delaying stall. It is found that the wavy leading edges can control ow separation and delay stall, which in turn is good for producing large lift force at poststall angles of attack. Under the same height condition, the short width of wavy protuberance shows good performance of the wings compared with that of the long width. The wavy protuberance located near the wing tip does not enhance hydrodynamic performance.

著者

辻井 崇紘 甲斐 貴之

出版者

一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会

雑誌

映像情報メディア学会誌 (ISSN:13426907)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.11, pp.939-941, 2012 (Released:2014-11-21)

著者

Hideaki Umeyama Mitsuo Iwadate Y-h. Taguchi

出版者

一般社団法人 情報処理学会

雑誌

IPSJ Transactions on Bioinformatics (ISSN:18826679)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.14-20, 2015 (Released:2015-08-19)

参考文献数

31

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Background: Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a protein related to various diseases. Aberrant SYK expression often causes the progression and initiation of several diseases including cancer and autoimmune diseases. Despite the importance of inhibiting SYK and identifying candidate inhibitors, no clinically effective inhibitors have been reported to date. Therefore, there is a need for novel SYK inhibitors. Results: Candidate compounds were investigated using in silico screening by chooseLD, which simulates ligand docking to proteins. Using this system, known inhibitors were correctly recognized as compounds with high affinity to SYK. Furthermore, many compounds in the DrugBank database were newly identified as having high affinity to the ATP-binding sites in the kinase domain with a similar affinity to previously reported inhibitors. Conclusions: Many drug candidate compounds from the DrugBank database were newly identified as inhibitors of SYK. Because compounds registered in the DrugBank are expected to have fewer side effects than currently available compounds, these newly identified compounds may be clinically useful inhibitors of SYK for the treatment of various diseases.

著者

斉藤 毅

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1, pp.69-69, 2014 (Released:2016-02-01)

参考文献数

4

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オレキシン(ヒポクレチン)は,摂食調節や睡眠・覚醒の制御など重要な生理機能を誘導する神経ペプチドであり,AとBの2種が知られている.オレキシンの発見以来,国内外の多くの製薬企業がオレキシン受容体拮抗薬の開発に乗り出し,最近では不眠症治療薬としてスボレキサントが米国食品医薬品局へ承認申請されたことでも記憶に新しい.オレキシン受容体拮抗薬は,睡眠へ直接的に誘導できることから画期的な新薬として期待されている.一方,オレキシン受容体には1型(OXR-1)と2型(OXR-2)が存在し,選択的拮抗薬とデュアル拮抗薬のどちらを開発すればよいかという明確な知見はない.これまでに臨床試験に辿り着いた拮抗薬はいずれもデュアル拮抗薬であり,スボレキサントを除いては,すべて開発から撤退されている.そこで本稿では,今後のオレキシン受容体拮抗薬開発に影響を与えると考えられる,Steinerらによって見いだされた1型受容体に対する選択的拮抗薬の開発とその薬理作用について紹介する.

著者

佐藤 智昭 上島 智 千堂 年昭

出版者

岡山医学会

雑誌

岡山医学会雑誌 (ISSN:00301558)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.119, no.2, pp.199-203, 2007-09-03 (Released:2008-07-04)

参考文献数

15

著者

Myungguen Chung Kiho Park In Song Koh Jong Park

出版者

日本バイオインフォマティクス学会

雑誌

Genome Informatics (ISSN:09199454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.478-479, 2001 (Released:2011-07-11)

参考文献数

2

著者

高橋 春實

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

園芸学研究 (ISSN:13472658)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.3, pp.213-217, 2006 (Released:2006-09-25)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2 8

著者

三隅 一人

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.4, pp.716-733, 2009-03-31 (Released:2010-04-01)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1

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本稿は,社会関係資本のSSM的な階層研究への導入に際して突きあたる原理問題を,機会の平等に照らして考察する.まず,社会関係資本を導入した階層研究の展開をおさえつつ,その導入が改めて問いかける労働市場と社会構造との関係に関わる原理問題を確認する.機能主義階層論のコトバでいえば,それは社会関係資本が抱え込む機会の平等(それが指標する労働市場の機能性)に照らした両義性の問題である.階層研究に求められるのはその両義性をそれとして分析し,社会関係にもとづく機会の平等を語るためのコトバである.本稿ではこの問題にアプローチする例解を思考実験的に示す.それは,当該の社会が初職入職をもっぱら社会関係資本に依存すると仮定した場合,そこでの機会の平等はいかなるものか,そしてそれはどういう階層性を帯びて表れるのか,という思考実験である.また,この思考実験を比較階層文化論の準拠枠に展開する目論見から,国際比較を試みる.2005年SSMの日本・韓国・台湾の調査データでみると,友人先輩関係資本および台湾における家族親戚関係資本は,それへの依存が必ずしも機会の平等を損なうものではないことが示される.また,そこでの移動パターンは,そもそもの学歴バイアスや産業構造の成熟度を反映して国ごとに違いを呈しつつも,それぞれに一定のホワイトカラー階層を生成する力を秘めている.

著者

Shin-ichi MAKINO Naoki AMANO Masashi SUZUKI

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.10, pp.311-316, 1999 (Released:2006-10-17)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

3 4

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A new method is described for printing nucleotide sequences by assembling square microcells, representing nucleotides, into blocks, and by differentiating micro-cells following a color code, a gray scale, etc., corresponding to the four types of nucleotides. By printing micro-cells, whose sides are close to 250μm, using a laser printer, the complete sequence of a genome of the size close to 1M bases can be printed in the space of full size of A4, without loosing any original information. By enlarging the print using a magnifying glass or a photo-copy machine, the original sequence can be reconstituted, visually or mechanically. Overall and regional characteristics of genomes (e.g. distribution of gene-coding regions) can be analyzed using a plot of this type. The scheme for classifying micro-cells can be modified, in order to present different types of information such as distribution of purines and pyrimidines or that of different types of dinucleotide combinations through the genome.

著者

吉田 和雄

出版者

社団法人 日本リモートセンシング学会

雑誌

日本リモートセンシング学会誌 (ISSN:02897911)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.5, pp.405-410, 1997-12-30 (Released:2009-05-29)

著者

伊藤 文夫

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.29-40, 1987-06-25 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

22

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The author intend to consider the characteristics of the local culture in Suwa area from the viewpoints of analyzing Minka (the residences of farmers), traditional events and vegetables in the cold highland.The results of this study are summarized as follows;(1) The climatic characteristics of Suwa area are severe coldness and strong wind in winter because it locates in the cold highland. For these reasons, there are many ideas such as Yukigaki (taxaceous tree fences for windbreak) and Nurume (a ditch for paddy rice fields to warm up irrigational water) to prevent its coldness everywhere in this area. On the other hand, there many localized industries such as producing Kanten (agar-agar) and Kori-tofu and -mochi (frozen and dried tofu and glutinous rice cake) which exploit severe coldness. These industries are developed in the settlements of the upland and of the eastern foot of the mountain slopes where the sun sets very early in the evening.(2) There are some more landscapes peculiar to cold climate like this Suwa area. The structures such as Tategurumi (the way of building Minka: the storehouse is built in the main building), Teppei-seki yane (tiles of the roofs are made of plates of (two-pyroxene-andesite) and Ohnoki-zukuri (the building with long eaves) are rational ways of building the Minka under the climate like Suwa area. Traditional vegetables such as Ueno-daikon (a kind of radish) and Suwa-benikabu (a kind of turnip) have been cropped for making pickles with cold resistance to cross over winter. Traditional festivals and events associated with Suwa-Shinko (the faith in the Suwa Shrine) penetrate into the people's life of this area.(3) It is recognized that are four types of settlements which preserve traditional cultures very well in this area. The first type of the settlements are located in the foot of high mountains; Sasahara and Kami-Tsukinoki, Chino City and Ueno, Suwa City. The second type are located far from the main road; Kami-Futta and Ohsawa, Chino City and Sendatsu, Fujimi Town. The third ones have common forest owned by Zaisan-ku or Buraku-ku (small terrestrial groups); Toyoda, Konan and Shiga, Suwa City, Higashi-Yamada, Shimo-Suwa Town, Oikawa and Misawa, Okaya City, Miyagawa and Tamagawa, Chino City and Okkoto, Fujimi Town. The fourth type of the settlements have the priginal hot spring; Kowata, Suwa City. Peoples in the settlements of last two types have strong solidarity of a rural community to take over their cultures because the groups have comonm properties.The Suwa Culture tends to flow into the Kami-Ina area, where belongs the same drainage of Suwa Lake and Tenryu River. Hewever, it is hard to flow into Yamanashi Prefecture.

著者

妙木 忍

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.119-134, 2007-05-31 (Released:2016-03-23)

参考文献数

30

著者

Yoshimitsu OHGIYA Hiroshi NOBUSAWA Noritaka SEINO Osamu MIYAGAMI Naomi YAGI Sasamori HIROTO Jiro MUNECHIKA Masanori HIROSE Nobuyuki TAKEYAMA Nobuyuki OHIKE Ryu MATSUOKA Akihiko SEKIZAWA Takehiko GOKAN

出版者

日本磁気共鳴医学会

雑誌

Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences (ISSN:13473182)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.212-219, 2016 (Released:2016-04-11)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

15

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Purpose: To evaluate morphological and signal intensity (SI) changes of placental insufficiency on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to assess morphological changes and decreased flow voids (FVs) on T2-weighted rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) images for diagnosing placental insufficiency.Methods: Fifty singleton fetuses underwent MRI using a 1.5-T MR scanner. Placental thickness, area, volume, SI, amniotic fluid SI, and size of FVs between the uterus and the placenta were measured on MR images. Two radiologists reviewed T2-weighted RARE images for globular appearance of the placenta and FVs between the uterus and the placenta. Data were analyzed using t-tests, McNemar’s tests, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) at 5% level of significance.Results: Twenty-five of the 50 pregnancies were categorized as having an insufficient placenta. Significant differences were observed between insufficient and normal placentas in mean placental thickness, area, volume, placenta to amniotic fluid SI ratio, and size of FVs (49.0 mm vs. 36.9 mm, 1.62 × 104 mm2 vs. 2.67 × 104 mm2, 5.13 × 105 mm3 vs. 6.56 × 105 mm3, 0.549 vs. 0.685, and 3.4 mm vs. 4.3 mm, respectively). The sensitivity and accuracy using globular appearance plus decreased FVs were greater than those using decreased FVs (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference among AUCs using globular appearance and decreased FVs, and globular appearance plus decreased FVs.Conclusions: Placental insufficiency was associated with placental thickness, area, volume, placenta to amniotic fluid SI ratio, and size of FVs. Evaluating FVs on T2-weighted RARE images can be useful for detecting placental insufficiency, particularly in placentas without globular appearance on MR images.

出版者

公益社団法人 精密工学会

雑誌

精密工学会誌 (ISSN:09120289)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.5, pp.MA5_1-MA5_1, 2013-05-05 (Released:2013-11-05)

著者

Zhigang Yang Ryo Nakabayashi Tetsuya Mori Satoshi Takamatsu Susumu Kitanaka Kazuki Saito

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.7, pp.952-956, 2016-07-01 (Released:2016-07-01)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

18

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Oryza sativa L. (rice) is an important staple crop across the world. In the previous study, we identified 36 specialized (secondary) metabolites including 28 flavonoids. In the present study, a metabolome analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was conducted on the leaf, bran, and brown and polished rice grains to better understand the distribution of these metabolites. Principal component analysis using the metabolome data clearly characterized the accumulation patterns of the metabolites. Flavonoids, e.g., tricin, tricin 7-O-rutinoside, and tricin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, were mainly present in the leaf and bran but not in the polished grain. In addition, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity of the metabolites were assayed in vitro. Tricin 4′-O-(erythro-β-guaiacylglyceryl)ether and isoscoparin 2″-O-(6‴-(E)-feruloyl)-glucopyranoside showed the strongest activity for inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging, respectively.