著者

Sulette de Villiers Albe Swanepoel Janette Bester Etheresia Pretorius

出版者

一般社団法人 日本動脈硬化学会

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.32748, (Released:2015-12-19)

参考文献数

57

被引用文献数

1 31

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Central to the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke are the normally protective processes of platelet adhesion and activation. Experimental evidence has shown that the ligand-receptor interactions in ischaemic stroke represent a thrombo-inflammatory cascade, which presents research opportunities into new treatment. However, as anti-platelet drugs have the potential to cause severe side effects in ischaemic stroke patients (as well as other vascular disease patients), it is important to carefully monitor the risk of bleeding and risk of thrombus in patients receiving treatment. Because thrombo-embolic ischaemic stroke is a major health issue, we suggest that the answer to adequate treatment is based on an individualized patient-centered approach, inline with the latest NIH precision medicine approach. A combination of viscoelastic methodologies may be used in a personalized patient-centered regime, including thromboelastography (TEG®) and the lesser used scanning electron microscopy approach (SEM). Thromboelastography provides a dynamic measure of clot formation, strength, and lysis, whereas SEM is a visual structural tool to study patient fibrin structure in great detail. Therefore, we consider the evidence for TEG® and SEM as unique means to confirm stroke diagnosis, screen at-risk patients, and monitor treatment efficacy. Here we argue that the current approach to stroke treatment needs to be restructured and new innovative thought patterns need to be applied, as even approved therapies require close patient monitoring to determine efficacy, match treatment regimens to each patient's individual needs, and assess the risk of dangerous adverse effects. TEG® and SEM have the potential to be a useful tool and could potentially alter the clinical approach to managing ischaemic stroke. As envisaged in the NIH precision medicine approach, this will involve a number of role players and innovative new research ideas, with benefits that will ultimately only be realized in a few years. Therefore, with this ultimate goal in mind, we suggest that an individualized patient-orientated approach is now available and therefore already within our ability to use.

著者

小塩 隆士

出版者

公益財団法人 医療科学研究所

雑誌

医療と社会 (ISSN:09169202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.243-244, 2015-11-10 (Released:2015-11-20)

著者

小山 弘美

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2011, no.29, pp.127-142, 2011-09-07 (Released:2012-12-19)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1 3

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A great amount of work now has been done upon neighborhood association studies.Characteristics and functions were evaluated empirically, and the need of regional-type sorting based on the differences identified has been heard. Nevertheless, it is not yet clear why neighborhood associations of the same area can have different characteristics, neither has it been fully explained why both developing and declining neighborhood associations occur simultaneously within one neighborhood. This paper applies social capital theory described by James S. Coleman to neighborhood associations. It also describes neighborhood associations as social capital, accumulated collective interactions of the individuals involved. That is to see that sustained viability of neighborhood associations has been much due to rational choices of proactive actors. Further in this thesis, In order to see how individuals make decisions upon their participation, social assets and liabilities constructing social capital, and both expected benefits and costs are also described. Thus two positions of rational choice making are clearly sorted. Conclusively reaching two findings, that characteristic differences of neighborhood associations are due to accumulational level of social capital, and having two positions for initial choice making has a great impact upon bearing simultaneous growing/fading dynamics within one area.

著者

金田 茂裕

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.212-222, 2009 (Released:2012-02-22)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

3 2 1

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本研究の目的は, 減法の求残・求補・求差の場面理解の認知過程について, 先行研究で使用された文章題に加え, 新たに作問課題を用いて調べ, それらの場面理解の難しさの程度と理由を明らかにすることであった。研究1(N=110)では, 式(6-2)と絵(求残・求補・求差の場面)を併せて提示し, 両方を考慮して適切な話を文章で記述することを小学1年生に求めた。その結果, 求残より求補, 求差の場面で正答率が低いことが示され, これらの場面理解は難しいという従来の研究の知見が確認された。さらに, 誤答内容を分析した結果, 場面間でその傾向が異なることが示され, 求補の場面では絵と対応しない誤答が多く, 一方, 求差の場面ではそれに加え, 式と対応しない誤答も多くみられた。同様の結果は, その4ヶ月後に実施した研究2(N=109)でも得られた。以上の結果から, 求補の場面では絵に表わされた全体集合と部分集合の包含関係を理解することが難しいこと, 求差の場面では式と絵の対応関係を考えることが求められる点が難しいことが示唆された。

著者

鈴木 幹三 岸本 明比古 山本 俊幸 足立 暁 山本 和英 白井 智之

出版者

The Japanese Respiratory Society

雑誌

日本胸部疾患学会雑誌 (ISSN:03011542)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.10, pp.1078-1082, 1986-10-25 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

18

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剖検で確認した高齢者肺炎102例を臨床病理学的に検討した. 60歳以上の剖検180例中102例 (57%) に肺炎が認められ, このうち53例 (52%) は肺炎が直接死因となった. 基礎疾患は脳血管障害後遺症, 心疾患が大半を占めた. 病理学的な肺炎病巣の拡がりは肺炎死因率と正の相関を示した. 肺炎は両下葉および右上葉に好発し, 病理学的に炎症病変は巣状分布を示す例が最も多く, これらのなかに沈降性肺炎, 嚥下性肺炎の関与する例がみられた. 大葉性肺炎, 嚥下性肺炎, 肺化膿症は直接死因となる頻度が高く, 肺うっ血水腫は49%にみられた. 病変発現部位では, 肺胞性肺炎が70%を占め, 混合型肺炎は10%であった.

著者

小原 由紀彦 児玉 隆夫 小川 祐人 沼田 友一 中村 俊康 川北 敦夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会

雑誌

理学療法学Supplement Vol.38 Suppl. No.2 (第46回日本理学療法学術大会 抄録集)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CbPI2261, 2011 (Released:2011-05-26)

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【目的】橈骨遠位端骨折に対して、近年多くのロッキングプレートが開発され、橈骨遠位端骨折に対しては強固な固定が可能となった。結果、術後に外固定をせずに手関節可動域訓練を早期に施行し、良好な成績を得たとする報告が近年多くされている。しかし、本受傷では橈骨のみが損傷を受けるのではなく、手関節尺側部にも同程度の損傷が及んでいることがある。これらの症例に早期運動療法を施行することは、手関節尺側部損傷の治癒を遅らせ、最終的に悪影響が生じるのではないかと我々は危惧する。当院では橈骨遠位端骨折の手術時に、全例に遠位橈尺関節(以下、DRUJ)鏡で三角線維軟骨複合体(以下、TFCC)の尺骨小窩からの剥離の有無を確認している。手関節尺側部損傷を主にTFCC、尺骨茎状突起骨折として、その合併率、治療成績を比較した。今回、これらの結果からどのような症例に早期運動療法が適応になるか、検討した。【方法】橈骨遠位端骨折に対して手関節鏡、DRUJ関節鏡視と観血的整復固定術を行った133例135手を対象とした。平均61.0歳 AO分類はA2:36手 A3:21手 B1:1手 B2:1手B2:5手 C1:27手 C2:37手 C3:7手であった。尺骨茎状突起骨折型はTip:19例、中央:26例、基部(水平):24例、基部(斜):3例、尺骨小窩剥離損傷:7例であった。尺骨茎状突起骨折(Tip以外)、TFCC尺側小窩剥離損傷がともに無いものは術後の外固定はせずに早期運動療法(術翌日より手関節掌背屈、自動他動可動域訓練、術2週間後より前腕回内外、自動他動可動域訓練)を施行した(A群)。そのほかの症例では3週間の外固定ののち運動療法(術3週後より手関節掌背屈、自動他動可動域訓練、術5週後より前腕回内外、自動他動可動域訓練)を施行した(B群)。術後1年以上経過した症例で、可動域、痛み、握力、Mayo Wrist Scoreを比較検討した。【説明と同意】手術方法を説明する段階で、本治療が関節鏡での所見を基にして適切に選択され、治療成績を集計することで今後の治療指針にしていることを説明し、同意を得ている。【結果】DRUJ鏡視でTFCC尺骨小窩剥離を38手で認めた。TFCC剥離損傷は合併していた例はいずれも50歳以上であった。80歳代の合併率は60%であった。術後1年以上経過した症例はA群37例、B群52例であった。可動域は健側比でA群:90.6%、B群: 91.1。握力はA群:86.0%、B群:85.0%°。Mayo Wrist ScoreはA群:89.2点、B群:90.5点。手関節痛はA群:6例16.2%、B群:2例3.8%であった。【考察】各治療グループで可動域、握力に差はなかった。疼痛はA群で多く認められた。結果的には早期運動療法は術後1年での可動域、握力の増加要素とはならず、むしろ疼痛が多く残存していたことになる。今回、手関節尺側部損傷をTFCC尺骨小窩付着部に重点を置き、その有無でリハビリ開始期間、方法を変えて行なったが、真に早期運動療法の危険性を示すのであれば、損傷の有無にかかわらない無作為前向き研究を計画しなくてはならない。このような研究は実際の治療では計画できず、エビデンスレベルはどうしても低下してしまう。今回の結果では橈骨遠位端骨折の28%にTFCC剥離損傷が合併していた。この率はおそらく我々の予想を大きく超える結果と言えよう。DRUJ鏡はすべての橈骨遠位端骨折に行う必要はなく、橈骨遠位端骨折には手関節尺側部損傷が合併しているものと考え、3週間の術後外固定を行うほうが賢明と考える。早期運動療法を行なうのであれば、回内外時の手関節尺側部痛に注意を払い、認める例では運動療法を遅らせることを推奨する。年齢別での手関節尺側部損傷の差が生じており、既存の変性損傷が含まれていると考えられ、今後は若年者に限った検討が必要と思われる。【理学療法学研究としての意義】上記の如く、今回の結果から橈骨遠位端骨折後の早期運動療法にはPitfallが存在することを認識すべきである。

著者

バティニ マドシリ 渡辺 征夫

出版者

環境技術学会

雑誌

環境技術 (ISSN:03889459)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.9, pp.718-724, 2001-09-20 (Released:2010-03-18)

参考文献数

30

著者

小馬 徹

出版者

日本アフリカ学会

雑誌

アフリカ研究 (ISSN:00654140)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1985, no.27, pp.1-54, 1985-12-31 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

49

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This essay describes and analyzes how the kimanakta-kimanagan, or a custom of lending-out/borrowing of livestock including cattle, among the Kipsigis people of Kenya has changed through the drastic acculturation they have consequtively experienced through out this century after they came into contact with the European settlers in the Kenyan “White Highland”. Moreover, this essay explains how the values of cattle have changed and survived in the Kipsigis society which is among so-called “East African cattle complex” societies, with the special reference to the kimanakta-kimanagan system.The Kipsigis have been generally regarded as a “model” East African people in that this traditionally pastoral people very successfully adapted themselves to the colonial and capitalistic economy by rapidly adopting maize cultivation with plough and by shifting from communal land tenure to private land tenure. As a result, it is claimed, they lessened their pastoral attributes in large and cattle, around which almost all the traditional values of the people had centred, descalated to a simple article of commerse which was even less valuable than maize.It may be true that some characteristics of the traditional Kipsigis culture centred around cattle declined, but it can not be denied that the kimanakta-kimanagan system survives well in the course of the acculturation and that cattle still maintain importance as multiple media through which social relations are structured.Traditionally, the kimanakta-kimanagan contract was made on individual base among age-mates, affines, relatives, clansmen etc., and a cow, she-goat, or ewe was sent out as long-termed loan so that it could supply milk and blood to drink to the debtor's family. This system contributed to reduce inequality in the number of livestock, which were the then primary means of survival, held by individuals as well as possible discontents among the people, and therefore to maintain the unity of the acephalous and non-segmental Kipsigis society.Researchers are apt to underestimate, or even neglect, the significance of the existence of the highly transformed modern kimanakta-kimanagan system, judging form the descalation of the relative economic value of cattle. The system has been flexibly amended and developing new variations of practice in accordance with the needs derived from the modernization. But thus, all the more, it makes for minimizing the inequality not only in cattle holdings but also in their economy as a whole in the modern Kipsigis society. This may be the very reason the system survives the radical changes of their life style. In other words, it achieved its involution in this way.

著者

Takashi Toyama Gi-Wook Hwang Akira Naganuma

出版者

一般社団法人日本毒性学会

雑誌

Fundamental Toxicological Sciences (ISSN:2189115X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.5, pp.227-228, 2015-12-09 (Released:2015-12-09)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1 1

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This study attempted to identify substances that are driven out of HEK293 cells by methylmercury. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the levels of 3-phenylpropionic acid, citrulline, lactic acid, ornithine, proline and beta-alanine in the cell culture medium were increased by the treatment of cells with methylmercury. Address to the mechanism underlying the release of these substances will provide useful information to elucidate the toxicity mechanism of methylmercury.

著者

宇佐美 龍夫

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.7, pp.656-664, 1986-01-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

6

著者

Carole PELISSIER Luc FONTANA Emmanuel FORT Jean Pierre AGARD Francoise COUPRIE Beatrice DELAYGUE Valerie GLERANT Catherine PERRIER Brigitte SELLIER Michel VOHITO Barbara CHARBOTEL

出版者

独立行政法人 労働安全衛生総合研究所

雑誌

Industrial Health (ISSN:00198366)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.4, pp.334-346, 2014 (Released:2014-09-11)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

1 36 2

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This study investigated the relation between working conditions, in terms of physical and psychological demand, and upper-limb and neck musculoskeletal disorders (ULNMD) in female staff working in direct contact with the elderly in nursing homes. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 105 nursing homes in France. Data on nursing-home working conditions were collected by questionnaire from occupational physicians and by self-administered questionnaire from staff. Psychosocial demand at work was assessed on Siegrist’s questionnaire and ULNMD on the Nordic questionnaire. 2,328 employees were included: 628 housekeepers, 1,372 nursing assistants and 328 nurses. During the previous 12 months, 50% of the subjects (1,160) had presented with a musculoskeletal complaint concerning the neck, 38% (881) the shoulders, 10% (246) the elbows and 22% (520) the wrists. 9% (219) reported effort/reward imbalance on the 2004 Siegrist questionnaire and 42% were in a situation of over-commitment. ULNMD complaints were associated not only with physical occupational factors but also with psychosocial factors (effort/reward imbalance and over-commitment), both before and after adjustment on individual and occupational factors. Prospective studies are needed to clarify the causal role of occupational, including, organizational, psychosocial factors in ULNMD outcomes. Preventive approaches should take account of both physical and psychosocial occupational factors.

著者

脇口 宏

出版者

日本臨床免疫学会

雑誌

日本臨床免疫学会会誌 (ISSN:09114300)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.5, pp.283-292, 2003-10-31 (Released:2009-02-13)

参考文献数

69

著者

名和田 新

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.4, pp.501-505, 1992-04-10 (Released:2008-06-12)

参考文献数

4

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多毛症(hirsutism)はアンドロゲン〔DHEA-(S), androstenedione, testosterone〕の過剰又は末梢でのアンドロゲン感受性の増大により,女性が男性性毛を生じる事を言い,その背景には重篤な疾患を含め,多くの疾患が存在する事が明らかにされつつある.その病因を解明し診断法を確立する事は,その治療法の選択の上からも極めて重要である.各種ステロイドホルモンのRIAの確立に伴う成人多毛症の病因,診断治療の最近の進歩について概説する.

著者

栗原 陽介 河西 良拓 渡辺 嘉二郎 小林 一行 田中 博

出版者

公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会

雑誌

計測自動制御学会論文集 (ISSN:04534654)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.91-98, 2009-02-01 (Released:2011-11-02)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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In the graying Japanese society, monitoring health-related human data with sensors embedded in the living environment is quite meaningful in terms of emergency response and of long-term health management. In using the body data monitoring system daily at home, the lack of invasiveness during the monitoring and the maintenance of the system are of great importance. We have proposed the method to surmise the sleep stages of sleeping subjects by measuring the heartbeats and the respirations without invasiveness using the pneumatic method with an air mattress. This method, however, has a problem in the maintenance, since it requires periodic refilling of the air into the mattress. In this paper, another pneumatic method, which applies silicon tubes instead of the air mattress, is proposed. The change of S/N ratio in heartbeat and respiration signals, while having the environmental noises increased, are compared among a room with wooden flooring, another with tatami mats, a bath tub, and a toilet room. The result shows that both the pulse waves and the breaths can be measured with the accuracy of around 30dB, and the identification of each pulse from among the pulse waves is also feasible, under the condition that the environmental noises in the room with wooden flooring, that with tatami mats, the bath tub, and the rest room are 0.01G, 0.09G, 100ml, and 0.01G respectively.

著者

Kenji Nakatsuma Hiroki Shiomi Takeshi Morimoto Kenji Ando Kazushige Kadota Hiroki Watanabe Tomohiko Taniguchi Takashi Yamamoto Yutaka Furukawa Yoshihisa Nakagawa Minoru Horie Takeshi Kimura on behalf of the CREDO-Kyoto AMI investigators

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-15-0870, (Released:2015-12-15)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 32

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Background:In the setting of elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided PCI is associated with a reduction in the incidence of target vessel revascularization (TVR), but the impact of IVUS on long-term clinical outcome in the setting of emergency PCI for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) is still unclear.Methods and Results:The subjects consisted of 3,028 STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI within 24 h of symptom onset in the CREDO-Kyoto acute myocardial infarction registry. Of these, 932 patients (31%) underwent IVUS-guided PCI. Compared with the angiography-guided PCI without IVUS, IVUS-guided PCI was associated with significantly lower incidences of TVR (primary outcome measure; 22% vs. 27%, log-rank P<0.001) and definite stent thrombosis (ST; 1.2% vs. 3.1%, log-rank P=0.003). The cumulative incidence of all-cause death was not significantly different between the 2 groups. After adjusting for confounders, however, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in risk for TVR (adjusted HR, 1.14; 95% CI: 0.86–1.51, P=0.38) and definite ST (adjusted HR, 0.58; 95% CI: 0.19–1.72, P=0.33).Conclusions:IVUS-guided PCI was not associated with a lower risk for TVR or ST in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI.

著者

若林 克也

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会誌 (ISSN:13405551)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.117, no.8, pp.547-547, 1997-07-20 (Released:2008-04-17)

著者

Masahiro MIKURIYA Junya YAMAMOTO Kazuya OUCHI Daisuke YOSHIOKA Hidekazu TANAKA Makoto HANDA

出版者

(社)日本分析化学会

雑誌

X-ray Structure Analysis Online (ISSN:18833578)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.45-46, 2013 (Released:2013-11-18)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

5

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The title compound, a chain adduct of rhodium(II) benzoate with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (dabco), catena(tetrakis(μ-benzoato-O,O′)(μ-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-N,N′)dirhodium(II)-acetonitrile(1/4)), [Rh2(C6H5CO2)4(dabco)]n·4nCH3CN, was isolated. The crystal structure was determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method at 293 K. It crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4/n with a = 21.3695(18)Å, c = 9.6278(12)Å, V = 4396.6(8)Å3, Dx = 1.468 g/cm3, and Z = 4. The R1 [I > 2σ(I)] and wR2 (all data) values are 0.0417 and 0.0825, respectively, for all 5185 independent reflections. The molecule has a linear chain with an alternating arrangement of Rh2(C6H5CO2)4 [Rh-Rh 2.4062(11)Å, 2.4110(11)Å] and dabco. The adsorption property was confirmed for N2 gas with a specific surface area of 387.8 m2 g-1 estimated from an N2 adsorption isotherm.

著者

有路 昌彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.4, pp.711-717, 2013 (Released:2013-07-25)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 3

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近年我が国ではいわゆる「魚食離れ」が進んでおり,日本の水産物市場の規模を維持するために,様々な政策が施されている。しかし「魚食離れ」の原因が特定されているとは言い難い状況である。そこで効果的な対策を行うために本研究ではこの我が国で発生する「魚食離れ」を定量的に分析し原因の特定を図ることにした。家計調査年報のデータを用いた需要体系分析を行った結果,水産物家計消費量の減少は,所得の減少によって,消費が相対的に支出弾力性の低いより下級財の豚肉や鶏肉にシフトした結果であるということができる。