著者

進藤 聡彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学年報 (ISSN:04529650)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, pp.57-69, 2014 (Released:2014-12-24)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1

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本稿では,この1年間に公表された教授・学習に関する論文を学校実践との関連の観点から論評した。また,10年前と比較した最近の研究の特徴を明らかにしようとした。教授・学習研究を概観したところ,それらは2つのタイプに分類できるものであった。1つは教科の特定の単元に関わる教授方略を開発しようとするものであり,もう1つは教育実践に関わる一般的な要因や,それらの要因間の関係を特定しようとするものであった。10年前との比較では,いくつかの研究テーマが変化していた。例えば,協同学習や自己調整学習に関する研究が増えていた。そして研究者が教育実践の場に直接関与する臨床的な研究が増加していた。最後にいかに研究が行われるべきかに関して,筆者の考えが述べられた。

著者

林 創

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学年報 (ISSN:04529650)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, pp.14-24, 2014-03-30 (Released:2014-12-24)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

1 3

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本稿は,2012年7月から2013年6月までの期間において,日本における児童期と青年期を対象とした発達的研究を概観したものである。この1年の研究を,「認知発達」,「社会的認知」,「対人関係」,「自己」,「精神的健康と適応」,「その他」に分類して,レビューを行った。認知発達に関する研究では,情報処理に関する研究から,身体運動を含む研究,現実との関連を重視した研究まで多様なものが報告されていた。社会的認知では,嘘の認識から罪悪感の理解まで多様な研究が検討されていた。対人関係では,青年期の友人関係や評価懸念を扱った研究などが見受けられた。自己では,アイデンティティにかかわる研究が多く報告されていた。精神的健康と適応では,震災等を中心としたレジリエンスの研究が数多く存在した。その他では,読書活動など教育的視点を重視した研究が多様に報告されていた。最後に,これらの研究から現実を意識した社会的貢献度の高い研究の重要性を述べるとともに,研究方法の問題や学際的研究の必要性などを論じた。

著者

田中 八百八

出版者

日本森林学会

雑誌

林學會雑誌 (ISSN:21858187)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.5, pp.21-37, 1927-07-10 (Released:2009-02-13)

著者

Jeong Il Kang Yong-Nam Kim Hyun Choi

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.7, pp.1033-1036, 2014 (Released:2014-07-30)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2 10

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[Purpose] We investigated the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and cryotherapy on joint function recovery and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of patients with total knee replacement. [Subjects] Forty-six patients with total knee replacement were recruited and allocated to either low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy (n=15), cryotherapy (n=15), or a combination of both (n=16). Therapy was administered once a day, 5 times a week for 3 weeks. To determine functional joint recovery and reduction of inflammation, changes in the Korean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (K-WOMAC), range of motion (ROM), and CRP were assessed postsurgically and four times over a 3-week period. Using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), homogeneity tests were performed based on participants’ general characteristics. To recognize changes in time-variant K-WOMAC, ROM, and CRP values between groups, repeated measures ANOVA was performed, and Tukey’s test was used for post-test analysis. Values at α=0.05 were considered significant. [Results] We found a difference between groups and times, and the group that received the combined therapies showed greater changes in outcomes than the group that received low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy alone. [Conclusion] Applying both low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and cryotherapy can relieve inflammation and enhance joint function in patients who undergo total knee replacement.

著者

ChungSin Shim YunBok Lee DongGeon Lee BeomHo Jeong JinBeom Kim YoungWoo Choi GyuChang Lee Dong-sik Park

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.7, pp.1083-1086, 2014 (Released:2014-07-30)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

12 17

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[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of whole body vibration exercise in the horizontal direction on balance and fear of falling in the elderly. [Methods] This study was a case series of 17 elderly individuals. Participants performed whole body vibration exercise in the horizontal direction using a whole body vibration device for 15 minutes a day, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. At baseline and after the 6-week intervention, balance was measured using the Berg Balance Scale and Timed Up and Go test, and fear of falling was assessed using the Falls Efficacy Scale. [Results] After the intervention, significant improvements from baseline values in the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test, and Falls Efficacy Scale were observed in the study participants. [Conclusion] Elderly individuals who performed whole body vibration exercise in the horizontal direction showed significant improvements in balance and fear of falling. However, the observed benefits of whole body vibration exercise in the horizontal direction need to be confirmed by additional studies.

著者

三阪 佳弘

出版者

法制史学会

雑誌

法制史研究 (ISSN:04412508)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1988, no.38, pp.231-236, 1989-03-30 (Released:2009-11-16)

著者

Seung Kyun Kim Myung Chul Kim

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.9, pp.1419-1421, 2014 (Released:2014-09-17)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

3 18

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether ultrasound alone or ultrasound with bee venom is effective in treating delayed onset muscle soreness of the biceps brachii muscle, using the visual analogue scale, range of motion test (flexion and extension), and serum creatine kinase level. [Subjects] Twenty women participated in this study. [Methods] Repeated eccentric contractions were used to induce delayed onset muscle soreness in the elbow flexor of the subjects. The subjects were randomized to be treated with ultrasound alone or ultrasound with bee venom. We evaluated the effects of treatments in the 2 groups. Individual subjects were assessed using the visual analogue scale, range of motion test, and serum creatine kinase level. The assessment parameters were evaluated 4 times: before exercise and 24, 48, and 72 hours after exercise. [Results] The visual analogue scale scores were significantly different before and after the experiment in both the group treated with ultrasound and the group treated with ultrasound and bee venom. The difference in elbow flexion and extension before and after the experiment was significantly different in both groups. No significant difference was found in the serum creatine kinase levels before and after the experiment. [Conclusion] Treatment with ultrasound and bee venom is effective for managing delayed onset muscle soreness.

著者

片岡 香子 吉川 周作

出版者

日本第四紀学会

雑誌

第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.4, pp.263-276, 1997-10-31 (Released:2009-08-21)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 4

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西日本の四国・近畿・東海地方などの火山灰稀産地域の段丘では,火山灰層の発見は稀で,しかもそれを連続的に追跡することが困難である.そのため,火山灰に注目した層序・編年学的研究は露頭あるいは狭い地域に限定されたものとならざるを得ず,一般的な調査・研究法とはなっていない.このため,火山灰稀産地域における段丘の層序・編年は,火山灰多産地域に比べ精度が悪い.三重県鈴鹿川流域の段丘もまた,このような火山灰稀産地域に属している.そこで,筆者らは従来の地形・地質学的方法に加え,段丘構成層の上位に発達する細粒堆積物に注目して,この堆積物中に極微量に含まれる火山ガラスから火山灰降下の痕跡を見いだした.そして,これらから段丘の層序を検討し,編年を行った.本研究の結果,次のことが明らかとなった.(1)調査地域の段丘面(段丘構成層)は,高位のものから大谷池面(大谷池段丘層)・丸岡池面(丸岡池段丘層)・神戸面(神戸段丘層)・関面(関段丘層)・古廐面(古廐段丘層)に区分され,さらに神戸面および関面は,高位のものから神戸1面・神戸2面・神戸3面,関1面・関2面に細分できる.(2)各段丘構成層の上位にのる細粒堆積物の層相とそれらに含まれる火山ガラスの性質・含有量の特徴,関段丘層に挾まれる姶良Tn火山灰層(25~21ka),神戸段丘層中の海成粘土層などから,大谷池段丘層・丸岡池段丘層は最終間氷期以前に,神戸段丘層は最終間氷期に,関段丘層は最終氷期に,古廐段丘層は最終氷期以降にそれぞれ形成されたと考えられる.今回行った段丘構成層の上位にのる細粒堆積物に極微量に含まれる火山ガラスを用いた層序・編年の試みは,今後,火山灰稀産地域でのより広域な段丘の対比・編年の可能性を示唆する.

著者

玉井 真理子

出版者

公益財団法人 医療科学研究所

雑誌

医療と社会 (ISSN:09169202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.4, pp.99-105, 1999-03-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

12

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新生児医療をめぐる倫理的問題に関して,「親による治療拒否」と「選択的治療停止」に焦点をあてて論じた。新生児と家族との関係には,1)お互いに家族としての歴史のない,2)患者本人である新生児の意思を確認するすべがまったくない,3)問題になる疾患に対するイメージを持ちにくい,4)子どもの人権全体を守る法的仕組みが貧困である,などの独自性がある。「親による治療拒否」に関しては,アメリカでは,ベビー・ドゥ事件(1982年)ののち児童虐待防止法が改正され,医療上の放任についての例外規定も設けられたが,日本での議論は進んでいない。「選択的治療停止」に関しては,親が罪の意識を抱かないように医療側が決めてしまうというパターナリズムが日本にはあるが,親か医療者かどちらが決めるのがいいのかということより,情報を共有し一緒に決めるプロセスが重要である。また,親が納得のいく意思決定をすることができるように,心理士などが関与することが望ましいと思われる。

著者

Takao Sato Tomoki Kameyama Takashi Ohori Akira Matsuki Hiroshi Inoue

出版者

一般社団法人 日本動脈硬化学会

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.10, pp.1031-1043, 2014-10-24 (Released:2014-10-24)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

1 15

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Aim: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a pathogenic fat depot that may be associated with coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Because eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been reported to exert cardiovascular protective effects, we aimed to assess the effects of EPA on the volume of visceral adipose tissue, including EAT and abdominal visceral adipose tissue (AVAT), using multislice computed tomography (CT). Methods: In 30 patients with coronary artery diseases (9 women; mean age, 67.2±5.4 years), EAT and AVAT volumes were compared between the control group (n=15, conventional therapy) and the EPA group (n=15, conventional therapy plus purified EPA 1800 mg/day) during a six-month period. EAT was defined as any pixel that had CT attenuation of -150 to -30 Hounsfield units (HU) within the pericardial sac. Results: After the six-month follow-up, the serum EPA level increased from 59.9±18.8 to 177.2± 3.3 μg/mL in the EPA group (p<0.01), but no increase was noted in the control group. Similarly, the EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio increased from 0.39±0.12 to 1.22±0.28 in the EPA group (p<0.01), with no significant increase in the control group. The AVAT and EAT volumes decreased in the EPA group but were unchanged in the control group (AVAT, −11.6±17.0 vs. +8.8±13.6 cm2, p<0.01; EAT, −7.3±8.3 vs. +8.7±8.8 cm3, p<0.01). Moreover, the change in the AVAT volume negatively correlated with the change in EPA (r=−0.58, p<0.01) and EPA/AA levels (r=−0.53, p<0.01). A similar negative correlation in these parameters was also observed for the EAT volume. Conclusions: Oral intake of purified EPA appears to be associated with reductions in EAT and AVAT volumes.

著者

Toshiyuki TAKAHASHI

出版者

日本ウマ科学会

雑誌

Journal of Equine Science (ISSN:13403516)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.43-48, 2015 (Released:2015-07-02)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1 17

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The running performance of Thoroughbred racehorses has been reported to peak when they are between 4 and 5 years old. However, changes in their racing speed by month or season have not been reported. The purposes of this study were to reveal the average racing speed of Thoroughbreds, and observe changes in their average speed with age. The surveyed races were flat races on turf and dirt tracks with firm or standard track conditions held by the Japan Racing Association from January 1st, 2002 to December 31st, 2010. The racing speed of each horse was calculated by dividing the race distance (m) by the horse’s final time (sec). Average speeds per month for each age and distance condition were calculated for each gender group when there were 30 or more starters per month for each age and distance condition for each gender group. The common characteristic change for all conditions was an average speed increase up until the first half of the age of 4 years old. The effect of increased carry weight on average speed was small, and average speed increased with the growth of the horse. After the latter half of the age of 4 years old, the horses’ average speed remained almost constant, with little variation. It is speculated that decreases in the weight carried; and the retirement of less well performing horses; are responsible for the maintenance of average speed.

著者

山城 篤男

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理研究 (ISSN:18841066)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.81, pp.324-328, 1918-09-01 (Released:2010-07-16)

著者

山田 敏一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理研究 (ISSN:18841066)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.71, pp.569-574, 1917-11-01 (Released:2010-07-16)

著者

新原 将義 茂呂 雄二

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.4, pp.468-484, 2014-12-01 (Released:2015-06-09)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

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Traditional study of music education perceives instructor’s teaching narrowly as how instructor teach knowledge that is previous in advance adequately, so instructor’s ac-tive and improvised encouragement had never been deal properly. This paper pointed out that and describes the scene of teaching of orchestra which was leaded by profes-sional conductor, and consider about instructor’s encouragement in practice of playing music, which is characterized as highly artistic. Result of analysis reveals 3 forms of encouragement by conductor. First is “scaffolding”, which makes clear the differences between good way to resolve the problem and action what was really done. Second is “re-configuration of resource”, which controls significance of score and indicate other player as resource. And Third is “actualization of tacit knowledge”, which actualizes the knowledge that is impossible to generalize in concrete scene of practice and music. Finally, this paper pointed out that every teaching of this study has “possibility to de-velopment” which makes possible for conductor to develop the teaching, and researcher need to consider these instruction as intermixed process, not as each independent pro-cesses.

著者

時実 象一

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.4, pp.313-318, 2015-07-01 (Released:2015-07-01)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

1

著者

Kenjiro FUKUSHIMA Reina FUJIWARA Kie YAMAMOTO Hideyuki KANEMOTO Koichi OHNO Masaya TSUBOI Kazuyuki UCHIDA Naoaki MATSUKI Ryohei NISHIMURA Hajime TSUJIMOTO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0077, (Released:2015-06-27)

被引用文献数

1 27

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Little information is available regarding triple-phase computed tomography (CT) of canine pancreatic insulinoma. A few case reports with small numbers of cases have indicated that hyper-attenuation in the arterial phase was a common finding on multi-phasic CT in dogs with insulinoma. Our purpose was to clarify the characteristic findings of dogs with insulinoma on triple-phase CT. Nine dogs with insuolinoma that underwent triple-phase CT were included in the present study. Attenuation patterns in the arterial phase indicated hypo-attenuation in 4 cases and hyper-attenuation in 2 cases. In the remaining 3 cases, 1 case showed hypo-attenuation and 1 case showed hyper-attenuation in the pancreatic phase, and 1 case presented hyper-attenuation in the later phase. Altogether, 5 cases showed hypo and 4 cases showed hyper-attenuation in at least one phase. The enhancement pattern was homogenous in 7 cases and heterogeneous in 2 cases. Tumor margins were well-defined in 5 cases and ill-defined in 4 cases. Capsule formation was present in 5 cases and absent in 4 cases. In conclusion, it is important to note that hypo-attenuation was as common as hyper-attenuation in dogs with insulinoma in triple-phase CT in at least one phase. Additionally, mass lesions were most conspicuous not only in the arterial phase but in the pancreatic and later phases in some cases. Therefore, it is important to perform triple-phase CT and notice about variable findings for the detection of canine pancreatic insulinoma.

著者

植木 哲也 宮野 佳子 坂本 佳子 長井 惠子 橋口 靖 中嶋 弥穂子 中嶋 幹郎

出版者

一般社団法人日本医薬品情報学会

雑誌

医薬品情報学 (ISSN:13451464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.39-44, 2015 (Released:2015-06-28)

参考文献数

22

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Objective: Information on medicines brought to hospital by inpatients is essential to optimize drug use and patient safety.  However, the actual situation and usefulness of identifying such medicines on the emergent admission of patients remain to be clarified.  The objective of this study was to examine the usefulness of identifying the medicines patients bring to the hospital on emergent admission.Methods: We compared the source of information on identifying medicines between two groups of patient: emergent admissions (N=276) and elective admissions (N=50), and also investigated intervention by pharmacists regarding the medicines patients had brought with them.Results: Regarding the source of information to identify the medicines, the rate of utilizing medicine notebooks on emergent admission was significantly lower than on elective admission, and the rate of inquiring with community pharmacies on emergent admission was significantly higher than on elective admission.  The frequencies of intervention by pharmacists in the two groups were similar, and, therefore, the usefulness of identifying the medicines patients brought was noted regardless of the admission course.Conclusion: Identifying the medicines patients bring to the hospital might be useful on emergent admission.  Hospital pharmacists should promote an increase in the medicine notebook utilization rate and reinforce cooperation with community pharmacies.

著者

YOSHIMASA HABU SHIGERU ONO

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

Japanese Psychological Research (ISSN:00215368)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.76-87, 1969 (Released:2009-02-24)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

3

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The basic assumption is that with a constant percentage of reinforcement, resistance to extinction (RE) would be a function of uncertainty associated with a reinforcement pattern. 3 groups of rats (double-alternation, 50% random, and continuous) were run in a runway. The last group extinguished most rapidly. No difference in RE was found between the other 2 groups. The conditional entropy of reinforcement-response sequences for the alternation group, as compared with the random group, failed to decrease when its orders were the 3rd or higher. These findings indicate that the second-order conditional entropy will be appropriate for quantifying the uncertainty in question. It was proposed that the RE as determined by uncertainty would be accounted for through intelligibility hypothesis, arousal hypothesis, or probability learning hypothesis.

著者

仁志田 博司 中村 肇 泉 達郎

出版者

日本小児耳鼻咽喉科学会

雑誌

小児耳鼻咽喉科 (ISSN:09195858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.59-62, 2001 (Released:2012-09-24)

参考文献数

10

著者

戸村 理

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, pp.219-240, 2013-07-25 (Released:2014-07-28)

参考文献数

32

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本論文は明治期慶應義塾における教育課程と教員給与の分析をとおして,当該期間における慶應の経営実態を明らかにすることを目的とする。 大学教員は教育課程の運営を行い,その対価として給与を得る。このように経営上,教育と財務は不可分の関係にあるが,高等教育史研究ではこの関係性が十分に考察されて来なかった。そこで本論文では教員の雇用形態に着目して「教育と財務の相克」という歴史的課題を考察した。 教育課程の分析では,専任教員が各学科の授業科目をどれだけの時間担当し,いかに配置されていたのかを検証した。その結果,担当時間および配置ともに学科間で差異があることが明らかになった。 教員給与の分析では人事管理,人件費分析,教員個人の処遇と負担の実態を検証した。人事管理は採用管理,時間管理,給与管理の3点を考察した。人件費分析では,教員給与総額が年々増加し,とくにその9割が専任教員の給与であることを示した。教員個人の処遇と負担の考察では,専任教員の中に「高給かつ低負担」,「薄給かつ高負担」という階層性が存在することを明らかにした。 以上の知見を整理すると,慶應では専門性の高い授業科目を担当した少数の専任教員には「高給かつ低負担」という傾向が,それ以外の授業科目を担当した多数の専任教員には「薄給かつ高負担」という傾向がみてとれた。こうした階層性は,経営の維持と発展を目指すがゆえの階層性であったと推察された。