著者

Taiji Noguchi Hiroko Nakagawa-Senda Yuya Tamai Takeshi Nishiyama Miki Watanabe Akihiro Hosono Kiyoshi Shibata Mari Ichikawa Ryozo Wakabayashi Kenji Nagaya Kanae Ema Naoko Okamoto Shoko Tsujimura Hitomi Fujita Mayumi Kamiya Fumi Kondo Tamaki Yamada Sadao Suzuki

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20190146, (Released:2019-12-07)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

7

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BackgroundSecond-hand smoke exposure has been associated with poor mental health. However, among Japanese adults, little is known about the association between second-hand smoking and depressive symptoms. We examined this association in a cross-sectional study among a Japanese general adult population sample.MethodsJapanese adults were recruited from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study in the Okazaki area between 2012 and 2017. Second-hand smoke exposure and smoking status were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Based on their frequency of exposure to second-hand smoke, non-smokers and smokers were categorized as “almost never,” “sometimes,” and “almost every day.” Depressive symptoms were defined by a Kessler 6 score ≥ 5 points. We performed a multivariable Poisson regression analysis to obtain adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for depressive symptoms.ResultsOverall, 5,121 participants (4,547 non-smokers and 574 smokers) were included whose mean age was 63.6 years (SD = 10.3 years) for non-smokers and 59.33 years (SD = 10.2 years) for smokers. The association between second-hand smoking and depressive symptoms was significant among non-smokers, but not among smokers. Among non-smokers, PRs (95% CIs) compared with “almost never” were 1.25 (1.09 – 1.42) for “sometimes,” 1.41 (1.09 – 1.84) for “almost every day” (p for trend < 0.001), and among smokers, 1.30 (0.82 – 2.06) for “sometimes,” 1.44 (0.90 – 2.33) for “almost every day” (p for trend = 0.144).ConclusionsSecond-hand smoking and depressive symptoms were associated among non-smokers. Our findings indicate the importance of tobacco smoke control for mental health.

著者

庵本 直矢 竹林 崇 伊藤 竜二 菅 久美 田中 創

出版者

日本作業療法士協会 ; 1982-

雑誌

作業療法 = Japanese occupational therapy research (ISSN:02894920)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.153-160, 2018-04

著者

駒宮 幸男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本物理学会

雑誌

日本物理学会誌 (ISSN:00290181)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.8, pp.614-620, 2010-08-05 (Released:2020-01-18)

参考文献数

7

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この記事は日本物理学会のレビューセッションにおいて話した内容である.「実験的な話」というのは話自体が実験的であるということに他ならない.素粒子物理学は,極言すれば宇宙の森羅万象の基礎になっている法則をつきとめるという野心的な学問である.但し,時空や基本粒子の法則だけを知っていれば,物性や生命現象,株価の変動が理解できるとは思ってもいない.P.W.Andersonは,行き過ぎた要素還元主義に対する警句として,数的な増加によって異なる構造や現象が現れることを「More is different」と表現しておられるが,素粒子物理の真髄は徹底した要素還元主義なので,不遜にも「Less is essential」という常用句を持って対抗したい.冒頭から暴走気味なので,これ以降はヒッグス粒子と超対称性の説明にあたり,現在の素粒子の標準理論について必要最小限の説明をして冷静になることにする.

著者

木下 涼 植野 真臣

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

電子情報通信学会論文誌 D (ISSN:18804535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.J103-D, no.4, pp.314-329, 2020-04-01

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項目反応理論では異なるテストを受検した受検者を同一尺度上で評価することができる.しかし,そのためには受検者の同一母集団からの独立ランダムサンプリングを仮定し,共通項目を含む複数のテストデータをもとにリンケージと呼ばれる処理が必要である.リンケージはテスト実施に膨大な作業を伴うだけでなく,前述の仮定により理論的に最適値を得る保証はない.この問題を解決するため,本研究では深層学習を用い,受検者の母集団と独立性を仮定しないテスト理論としてItem Deep Response Theoryを提案する.提案モデルはリンケージを必要とせず,受検者が単一母集団からのランダムサンプリングでない場合にも精度の低下が抑えられ,複数の母集団からサンプリングされている場合に頑健である.ここではシミュレーション・実データ実験より,提案モデルは未知の項目への反応予測精度が高く,特に受検者が同一の母集団からランダムにサンプリングできない場合に項目反応理論に対して大きく能力推定精度と反応予測精度を向上させることを示す.

著者

木村 欣司 野呂 正行 辻本 諭 中村 佳正

出版者

一般社団法人日本応用数理学会

雑誌

日本応用数理学会論文誌 (ISSN:09172246)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.307-322, 2005-09-25

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A new method for constructing the minimum polynomial for the symbolic computation in terms of the discrete Toda equation is proposed. For the sparse matrices, the proposed method is efficiently carried out on a finite field arithmetic avoiding the division by zero. As a consequence, this paper presents new methods for the symbolic computation of the solution of simultaneous equation, the determinant and the eigen polynomial of a large scaled sparse matrix.

著者

原 真太郎 田中 春仁 川嶋 宏行 山本 浩彰 野中 泉美 山本 隆一郎 Broomfield M Niall 野村 忍

出版者

一般社団法人 日本健康心理学会

雑誌

Journal of Health Psychology Research (ISSN:21898790)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.180328125, (Released:2020-03-31)

参考文献数

35

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Waine, Broomfield, Banham, & Espie (2009) developed and validated the Metacognitions Questionnaire-Insomnia (MCQ-I) to assess metacognition about sleep, which was hypothesized to have a two-factor structure consisting of metacognitive belief about sleep, and metacognitive plans about sleep. However, it is unclear if the MCQ-I reflects metacognition about sleep as hypothesized because no item analysis or factor analysis was conducted. The present study was designed to develop a short version of MCQ-I using selected items and investigate its reliability and validity. A cross-sectional survey using the MCQ-I was conducted with undergraduates (N=330) and 27 patients with chronic insomnia disorder. Results of factor analysis and item analysis of their responses indicated that MCQ-I has a two-factor structure as hypothesized, and 25 items had high internal consistency. Moreover, the MCQ-I-25 was correlated with metacognition about worry, comprehensive dimensions of cognitive arousal, and sleep disturbances. Furthermore, the MCQ-I-25 score was higher in insomnia patients than healthy students. These results suggest that MCQ-I-25 reflects metacognition about sleep and could predict cognitive arousal and insomnia.

著者

石川栄耀 著

出版者

常磐書房

巻号頁・発行日

1944

著者

米田 完 飯山 浩幸 広瀬 茂男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本ロボット学会

雑誌

日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.6, pp.881-886, 1996-09-15

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

10 11

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This paper discusses an algorithm to make quadruped machine walk dynamically and omnidirectionally following a real-time command. To produce a smooth body motion in a high speed walk, we introduce a new gait named &ldquo;Intermittent trot gait, &rdquo; in which four-leg-supporting phase and two-diagonal-leg-supporting phase appear in orders. In this gait, pitching and rolling motion of the body is able to be suppressed to smaller level than that of the other gaits such as pace, bounce, and expanded trot gait, which is an intermediate gait of the crawl and the trot. Because, dynamic effects of the swinging legs are almost canceled each other. To realize the &ldquo;Intermittent trot gait, &rdquo; new algorithms to decide a landing point and to plan a motion of the body are discussed. A landing point is decided by considering an operator command and also a conversion to the standard leg formation. On the other hand, a motion of the body is planned to produce a dynamic stability, and to follow a speed and direction command. By using these algorithms, a mechanical vehicle TITAN VI could walk omnidirectionally, smoothly following a real-time operator command.

著者

松井 実

出版者

日本フードシステム学会

雑誌

フードシステム研究 (ISSN:13410296)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.113-116, 2011-09-30 (Released:2011-11-21)

参考文献数

3

著者

LI Zhenghui LUO Yali DU Yu CHAN Johnny C. L.

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-012, (Released:2019-11-30)

被引用文献数

38

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Climatological characteristics of pre-summer (April-to-June) rainfall over Southern China (SC) and associated synoptic conditions are examined using 1980-2017 hourly rainfall observations and reanalysis data. The rainfall amount, frequency, and intensity show pronounced regional variations and substantial changes between pre- and post-monsoon-onset periods. Owing to more favorable thermodynamic conditions after monsoon onset over South China Sea (SCS), rainfall intensifies generally over entire SC irrespective of the rainfall-event durations. Increased magnitudes of rainfall amount in longer-duration (> 6 h) events are found over a designated west-inland region (west of 111°E), which are partially attributed to enhanced dynamic instability. In addition, rainfall events occur more frequently over the west-inland region, as well as coastal regions west side of 118°E, but less over a designated east-inland region. The inland-region rainfall is closely linked to dynamic lifting driven by subtropical synoptic systems (low pressure and an associated front or shearline). The westward extension of the western North Pacific high and the eastward extension/movement of the front or shearline, interacting with the intra-period intensification of the southwesterly monsoonal flows, play important roles in providing high-θe (equivalent potential temperature) air to the west- and east-inland regions, respectively. The warm-sector, coastal rainfall is closely related to the deceleration of the southerly boundary layer (BL) jet (BLJ) over the northern SCS and associated convergence of BL high-θe air near the coast. Meanwhile the southwesterly synoptic-system-related low-level jet in the lower-to-middle troposphere to the south of the inland cold front can contribute to the coastal rainfall occurrence by providing divergence above the BL convergence near the coast. The BLJ often simultaneously strengthens with the lower-troposphere horizontal winds, suggesting a close association between the BLJ and the synoptic systems. The quantitative statistics provided in this study complement previous case studies or qualitative results and thus advance understanding about pre-summer rainfall over SC.

著者

堀尾 拓之 池田 早希

出版者

名古屋経済大学 自然科学研究会

雑誌

名古屋経済大学自然科学研究会会誌 = Journal of the natural scientific society of nagoya keizai university (ISSN:13488058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1・2, pp.51-62, 2016-10-31

著者

牟田 博光

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.200-215,en313, 1984-09-30 (Released:2011-03-18)

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According to the present plan, the enrollment of the University of the Air of Japan will approximate 30, 000 students when it reaches its steady state. Its current expenditure is estimated to be ¥4.1 billion at 1979 prices; adding the annual cost of facilities and equipments and the service that the National Center for Development of Broadcast Education performs for the university, the total amounts to be ¥5.0 billion to ¥7.1 billion. Summing up this and the study expenses that students spend, ¥6.7 billion to ¥8. 7 billion would be required to operate the university. About 50% to 60% of the cost will be borne by the national treasury. The current expenditure of the university is estimated, to be ¥171 thousand to ¥237 thousand per equivalent undergraduate.As compared with the current expenditure in humanities and social sciences programs of a conventional university, whose academic structures aresimilar to that of the University of the Air of Japan, the current expenditure per equivalent undergraduate is estimated to be one fourth of that of national universities, one third of public universities, two thirds of day programs of private universities, and equal to that of evening programs of private universities. Taking study expenses and opportunity cost of a student into account, the University of the Air is much more efficient than conventional universities.From the viewpoint of cost per graduate, it is equal to that of evening pro grams of private universities, those day programs, public universities, national universities, when the graduation rate is 60%, 50%, 25%, 20% respectively.In general at distance education in any country fixed costs of universityoperation and the initial facility and equipment investment are high, but the marginal cost which is directly proportional to the number of students is low. Therefore, the more students a university of the air has, the more it is efficient comparative with conventional universities.Yet because of low graduation rate compared with that of conventional universities, the cost per graduate is higher than that of conventionuniversities except in a few countries. In Japan also raising the graduation rate will be one of the most important subjects.

著者

溝口 佑爾

出版者

京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科社会システム研究刊行会

雑誌

社会システム研究 (ISSN:13434497)

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.33-44, 2012-03

著者

青柳 明佳 篠原 泰彦

出版者

第25回公開シンポジウム「人文科学とデータベース」実行委員会

雑誌

第25回公開シンポジウム「人文科学とデータベース」発表論文集 = Proceedings of the 25th Synmposium on Humanities and Database (ISSN:21881529)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.9-16, 2020-02-29

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Web上で検索できるデータベースは、様々な調査・研究を行い、論文を執筆するために、もはや必須のツールと言っても過言ではない。だが、データベースを構築・運用するにあたり、作成者の意図と利用者の目的や使用方法が必ずしも一致するとは限らない。また、一度稼働し始めたデータベースは、それを止めて作り直す、あるいは修正を行うことが難しい。そこで、本研究では、2019年10月時点で64.92%のシェアを誇るブラウザ「Google Chrome」の拡張機能を使用し、既存の人文科学系論文データベースであるCiNii Articles、NDL ONLINE、国文学論文目録データベース、日本語研究・日本語教育文献データベースを例に、既存のデータベースの運用を止めることなく、表示方法や操作方法を変えながら「データベースにおけるユーザビリティ」を検証していく。また、この方法を通して得られた「どのような点に留意してデータベースの構築・運営を行うべきか」の知見を提示したい。 A database that can be searched on the Web is no longer an indispensable tool for conducting various surveys and researches and writing dissertations. However, in building and operating a database, the intention of the creator does not always match the purpose and usage of the user. Also, once the database has started running, it is difficult to stop and recreate or modify it. Therefore, in this study, we used the extension function of the browser “Google Chrome” which boasts a share of 64.92% as of October 2019, and used the existing humanities-related dissertation databases CiNii Articles, NDL ONLINE, Japanese literature catalog database, Japan Using the example of a language research and Japanese language education literature database, we will continue to verify "usability in a database" by changing the display method and operation method without stopping the operation of the existing database. In addition, I would like to present the knowledge obtained from this method on "what points should be considered when constructing and operating a database"

著者

山本 匠一郎

出版者

蓮花寺佛教研究所

雑誌

紀要 (ISSN:18828175)

巻号頁・発行日

no.2, pp.252-196, 2009

著者

大林 隆司

出版者

首都大学東京

雑誌

小笠原研究年報 (ISSN:03879844)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.23-35, 2006-03-31

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小笠原諸島では現在、さまざまな外来種に対する対策がとられつつあるが、その中で最近よく話題にのぼる"ニューギニアヤリガタリクウズムシ"について、発見から国外・国内の分布拡大までの経緯、小笠原諸島への侵入の経緯、生物的防除の素材としての認識から"侵略的外来種"としての認識への変化を述べるとともに、小笠原諸島における侵入確認後の研究を概説した。また、本種に関する最近の話題(外来生物法、広東住血線虫との関係、小笠原でとられつつある対策)についても述べた。

著者

小池 誠

雑誌

第79回全国大会講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2017, no.1, pp.531-532, 2017-03-16

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インターネットは玉石混交の情報に満ち溢れており、その情報の真偽を見極めるのが肝要である。そこで、今回、テレパシーに関する都市伝説について科学的に検証した。すると、驚くことに、多種多様な電波のなかには音として聞こえるものがあることが10報以上の学術論文で確認できた。可聴性電波は矩形波のマイクロ波であるが、なぜ矩形波のマイクロ波が音として聞こえるかは既に実験で解明されていた。更に、米国空軍が人間の頭部に可聴性電波を照射して、音声を伝える通信方式について米国特許6470214号及び6587729号を取得していた。この通信方式はテレパシー通信という命名にふさわしい。また、米国空軍の研究成果ということは、テレパシー通信は軍事通信の一種ということになる。

著者

内外書籍株式会社 編

出版者

内外書籍

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第二十巻, 1937

著者

金耿昊編纂

出版者

緑蔭書房

巻号頁・発行日

2013

著者

日本史籍協会 編

出版者

日本史籍協会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第一, 1927