著者

加藤 麻樹 下平 佳江 前田 亜紀子 佐藤 健

出版者

一般社団法人 日本人間工学会

雑誌

人間工学 (ISSN:05494974)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.Supplement, pp.240-241, 2008-06-14 (Released:2010-03-15)

参考文献数

1

被引用文献数

1

出版者

JAPANISCHE GESELLSCHAFT FUER GERMANISTIK

雑誌

ドイツ文学 (ISSN:03872831)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, pp.285d-285d, (Released:2009-01-30)

著者

谷口 英喜 岡本 凉子 上島 順子 阿部 咲子 岡本 葉子 牛込 恵子 石井 良昌

出版者

日本静脈経腸栄養学会

雑誌

静脈経腸栄養 (ISSN:13444980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.733-740, 2014 (Released:2014-05-15)

参考文献数

15

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【目的】非脱水症の高齢者における、長期間の経口補水療法(ORT)の安全性および有効性を検証する。【対象および方法】対象者は、高齢者介護施設に入所している非脱水症の高齢者とした。研究デザインは、複数施設におけるランダム化割り付け比較試験とした。ORTによる介入を実施しないコントロール群(CN群、41名)と、介入を実施する介入群(OS群、41名)とした。OS群では、30日間継続的に経口補水液を1日当たり500~1,000mL摂取させた。【結果】OS群における安全性は、(1)合併症、(2) vital signおよび喫食率への影響、(3)血液学的所見の異常、が認められなかったことより証明された。有効性に関しては、ナトリウム部分排泄率の上昇、BUN/Cr比および血漿浸透圧の低下が認められたことより体液増加効果ありと判断された。しかし、CN群において脱水の発生が認められなかったことから、脱水予防の証明には至らなかった。【結論】非脱水症の高齢者における、長期間の ORTの安全性が証明され脱水予防の効果に関する有効性が示唆された。

著者

広岡 和丈

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.9, pp.560-562, 2014-09-01 (Released:2015-09-01)

参考文献数

6

著者

BUNJI TOJO FUJIO MASUDA

出版者

日本古生物学会

雑誌

Paleontological Research (ISSN:13428144)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.3, pp.193-201, 1999-09-30 (Released:2008-02-01)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

1

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Continuous growth sequences are recorded in vertical (=median longitudinal) sections of the columella of the fossil potamidid gastropod Vicarya yokoyamai Takeyama, from subtropical Miocene faunas of Japan. Shells from the Mizunami, Uchiura, Bihoku, and Masuda groups show semidiurnal tidal growth patterns. This suggests that V. yokoyamai lived in the intertidal zone. Growth curves were reconstructed on the basis of numbers of tidal growth lines. These growth curves were found to be very similar with one another, and indicated that shell-height increased from 1.5cm to 8cm in two years.

著者

野中 稔

出版者

公益社団法人 日本コンクリート工学会

雑誌

コンクリート工学 (ISSN:03871061)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.11, pp.56-60, 1980-11-15 (Released:2013-04-26)

参考文献数

3

著者

増田 篤稔 隠地 武彦 村上 克介

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

Eco-Engineering (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.67-72, 2015-07-01 (Released:2015-08-26)

参考文献数

7

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Controlling dissolved oxygen (DO) level in rearing tank is one of the most important for intermediate breeding of abalones with land based production facilities. Continuous DO measurement was conducted for two rearing tanks of 15.5 m3 seawater each and containing 19,000 abalone of 50 mm length and 60,000 abalone of 23 mm length in running seawater condition of 17.6 m3 per hour. Oxygen consumption of abalone was also examined. A model formula expressing oxygen distribution in rearing tank was made based on these data. There are diurnal changes in DO concentration in rearing tank, higher in afternoon and lower in midnight, and DO decreased to less than 80% of saturation couple of times, harmful level for good growth.

著者

小林 千種 中里 光男 山嶋 裕季子 大野 郁子 河野 美幸 安田 和男

出版者

公益社団法人 日本食品衛生学会

雑誌

食品衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00156426)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.139-143, 2001-04-25 (Released:2009-03-25)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

13 15

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RI-HPLC及びパルスドアンペロメトリック検出イオンクロマトグラフィー(PAD-IC)による広範囲の食品に適応可能なスクラロースの分析法を作成した.試料に 10% NaCl 含有 0.01 mol/L HCl を混和して透析膜に充てんし,0.01 mol/L HCl を透析外液として用い,24時間透析を行った.透析外液を Bond Elut ENV カートリッジに負荷して濃縮及びクリーンアップを行い,試験溶液を作製した.従来の前処理方法と比較して夾雑物の影響がなく,RI-HPLC及びPAD-ICの両分析法に適用することができた.両分析法のスクラロースの定量値はほぼ一致した.試料からの添加回収率は 88% 以上得られ,定量下限は前者で10 μg/g,後者で1 μg/g であった.

著者

冨安 卓滋 濵田 百合子 坂元 隼雄

出版者

公益社団法人 大気環境学会

雑誌

大気環境学会誌 (ISSN:13414178)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.A20-A28, 2016-03-10 (Released:2016-07-11)

参考文献数

40

著者

梶野 瑞王 田中 泰宙

出版者

公益社団法人 大気環境学会

雑誌

大気環境学会誌 (ISSN:13414178)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.A1-A9, 2016-01-10 (Released:2016-07-11)

参考文献数

48

著者

金子 傑 深沢 泰晴 杉山 俊幸 向山 辰夫 岩城 達思

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

土木学会論文集 (ISSN:02897806)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1995, no.528, pp.179-189, 1995-12-20 (Released:2010-08-24)

参考文献数

10

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空域制限のある軟弱地盤地域での経済的な吊形式橋梁の模索という観点から, 中央スパン500m規模までは斜張橋および吊橋の主桁断面には応力上の余裕があることに着目し, 主塔高さが低く, 側径間に大きなアンカーブロックを必要としない, 吊橋と同程度の主塔高の自定式斜張橋および自定式吊橋の構造特性を把握することにより, 中央スパン500m規模の自定式吊形式橋梁としての両形式の適用可能性について検討を加えた. その結果, 両形式とも経済的で充分な安全性を有していること, 耐風性, 耐震性の面でも問題のないこと等が明らかとなった.

著者

成田 健太郎

出版者

書学書道史学会

雑誌

書学書道史研究 (ISSN:18832784)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2012, no.22, pp.13-26, 2012 (Released:2013-06-02)

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Zhang Huaiguan 張懷〓 was a leading theoretician of calligraphy in the Tang, and in the Shuduan 書斷, his representative work, he develops his own theories about calligraphic styles and calligraphers on the basis of copious references cited from many written sources. Therefore, in order to gain an understanding of the Shuduan, it is essential to clarify his use of sources.  In this article, taking into account past research, I carefully examine the actual use of sources in the Shuduan, and I educe the following general rules: (1) facts that are found in general (non-calligraphic) works possessing an established scholarly reputation, are widely shared, and are publicly recognized are used without citing the author's name or the book's title; (2) when utilizing the views of predecessors in discussions about matters regarding which there is no generally accepted view, the author's name is given in the case of works about calligraphy and the book's title in the case of non-calligraphic works; (3) criticism about works of calligraphy is utilized by giving only the author's name; (4) popular traditions about calligraphy that fall under (1) are utilized without giving the author's name or the book's title; and (5) popular traditions and manuals of calligraphy that are hardly worth consulting in scholarly terms are not utilized.  This writing stance can be characterized as an orientation characteristic of orthodox calligraphic studies, which pursued the elegant and eschewed the vulgar, and from this there is also gained a perspective that divides calligraphic treatises over the ages into orthodox treatises that are worth consulting for their scholarlymerits and popular treatises that are not. But it is also a fact that there are a small number of passages in the Shuduan for which, contrary to this basic orientation, popular treatises may have been utilized. Furthermore, when one traces the history of the reception of the Shuduan in later times, it becomes clear that it drew closer to popular treatises in the way in which it was read, and its image eventually changed from its original image of an orthodox treatise on calligraphy to the exact opposite of a treatise with a popular coloration.

著者

Miriam Valle Arizaga Oscar Fabián Villalobos Navarro Carlos Roman Castillo Martinez Esmeralda Judith Cruz Gutiérrez Humberto Antonio López Delgado Shin‑ichi Yamamoto Kazuo Watanabe Takao Niino

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-002, (Released:2016-07-16)

被引用文献数

19

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We modified the D cryo-plate protocol by paper mounting to the cryo-plate with alginate gel and shoot tips, and cryopreserved shoot tips of 13 potato genotypes (potato genetic resources in Mexico) using the revised and optimized D cryo-plate protocol. There were no significant differences in regrowth of cryopreserved shoot tips by addition of the paper mounting step to the base D cryo-plate protocol, besides a reduction in dropping shoot tips in steps during the whole procedure. Some steps of revised D cryo-plate protocol were optimized or reconfirmed, and the effect of optimizations such as cold-hardening, loading solution treatment, and post-rewarming treatment on the regeneration of shoot tips was studied. This optimized protocol was successfully applied to ‘B-71-240-2’ and 12 additional potato genotypes, resulting in 70.0%–93.3% regrowth with an average of 82.8% and stable storage for 1 year. When introducing new cryopreservation techniques, modification and optimization of the method are required to adjust to each laboratory’s circumstances. This optimized D cryo-plate method will facilitate cryobanking of potato and other plant genetic resources in Mexico for long-term preservation in a genebank.

著者

小林 重信

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.147-162, 2009 (Released:2009-01-06)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

43 63

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Real-coded genetic algorithms (RCGA) are expected to solve efficiently real parameter optimization problems of multimodality, parameter dependency, and ill-scale. Multi-parental crossovers such as the simplex crossover (SPX) and the UNDX-m as extensions of the unimodal normal distribution crossove (UNDX) show relatively good performance for RCGA. The minimal generation gap (MGG) is used widely as a generation alternation model for RCGA. However, the MGG is not suited for multi-parental crossovers. Both the SPX and the UNDX-m have their own drawbacks respectively. Therefore, RCGA composed of them cannot be applied to highly dimensional problems, because their hidden faults appear. This paper presents a new and robust faramework for RCGA. First, we propose a generation alternation model called JGG (just generation gap) suited for multi-parental crossovers. The JGG replaces parents with children completely every generation. To solve the asymmetry and bias of children distribution generated by the SPX and the UNDX-m, an enhanced SPX (e-SPX) and an enhanced UNDX (e-UNDX) are proposed. Moreover, we propose a crossover called REX(φ,n+k) as a generlization of the e-UNDX, where φ and n+k denote some probability distribution and the number of parents respectively. A concept of the globally descent direction (GDD) is introduced to handle the situations where the population does not cover any optimum. The GDD can be used under the big valley structure. Then, we propose REXstar as an extention of the REX(φ,n+k) that can generate children to the GDD efficiently. Several experiments show excellent performance and robustness of the REXstar. Finally, the future work is discussed.

著者

富田 嘉郎 与曽井 章平

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.3, pp.45-57,116, 1955-03-15 (Released:2010-02-19)

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1. Purpose. The purpose of this survey was to investigate, by adopting the following method, what is the relation of the grievances concerning human relation, in their frequency and intensity, to the whole grievances in a worker's life of two large factories.2. Interviewees. Out of the whole employees 2197 of M factory, and 2924 of N factory, 297 and 430 workers respectively were selected, excluding the officials of the higher positions, which contain a subsection, chief (kakari-cho). The selection was made according, and in proportion, to the working-status, and the age and sex groups.3. Method. Neither the directive method of recording worker's grievances upon questionaires, nor the non-directive method in the sense of taking notes of the grievances given quite spontaneously by them, was adopted. We classified the grievances which may be expected from the workers into the following 10 major items ; job, working conditions. working hours, wages, human relations, training, welfare facilities, recreation, transportation, management policy and labour union. These items were recorded separately on so many cords, with subdivided items belonging to each of them, and the cards were presented to the interviewees. This method helped them in finding a clue to the statement of their grievances, and also helped us in coding the results and in acpuiring the basis for it. Thus, we tried to grasp the frequency of the grievance belonging to each major and subdivided item, and further the intensity of the grievance belonging to each major item by counting the points the interviewees gave to it, on the condition that the total 10 points should be given to the whole consciousness of the grievances each interviewee has.4. Result. The result common to these two factories is that worker's grievance on human relations ranks high in intensity, although it ranks rather low in frequency.

著者

与曽井 章平 橋爪 貞雄 谷口 茂

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.103-119,192, 1956-10-20 (Released:2009-11-11)

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This study, focussing on the problem of the stratification, intends to clarify the structural characteristics of a confectionary quarter.1. The object of this study is the confectionary quarter at West district in Nagoya City, where ultra-small confectionaries aggregate densely around the whole sale shops. The origin of this quarter is old, but the change and mobility of shops have been so high, that there ramains few old established shops.2. The problem of the stratification is the difficulty to deduce the indices of stratification from the concrete laws concerning the socio-economic conditions of those complicated and fluid small and middle businesses. So, we attempted to synthesize the stratum factor which the inhabitants conscious of, and to induce the stratum each confectionary belongs.3. The proprietors of confectionaries were well aware of the existence of strata, and as the main stratum factor they mentioned capital, property, income, number of employees, years of experiences as confectionary, and the area of business connection. But their conception of the strata attaches too much importance to the economic factor and underestimate the social conditions.4. We examined the correlation of those factors by the results of a sample survey, and pointed out one central factor common to producer as well as whole-saler, that is, the number of empoyees.5. In order to clarify the strata distinguished by the number of employees, it became necessary to find out the stratum distinction line. So, we made the prorietors of the confectionaries judge the stratum demarcation line, upper, middle and lower, by the number of employees.6. Logically, the strata thus distingnished by main factor of the number of employees represent approximately the reality of the strata in the inhabitants' subjective evaluation. So, whether the strata distinguished by the number of employees coincide with the strata distinguished by other factors, we attempted to verify statistically by the data of the sample survey and by the comparative rating method. Thus we proved the representativeness of the factar of number of employees.Then, we studied the structural characteristics of the strata of the confectionaries distinguished by the indices of the number of employees, focussing on their ultra-smallness, fluidity on the whole and about each case.8. Finally, as the starting point for the further research, we mentioned the theoretical remarks on the problem of the stratification and the relation of stratified position and social status.

著者

都丸 潤子

出版者

一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2013, no.173, pp.173_1-173_14, 2013-06-30 (Released:2015-06-09)

参考文献数

44

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This special issue is an attempt to analise transformation and features of postwar British foreign policy in various decades and to review the role it played in postwar international relations, taking perspectives of global history into account. The 11 articles deal with a broad range of topics covering British policies towards Africa, Middle East, Europe, Asia including Japan, the US, the Eastern side of the Cold War, and the UN. They also focus on various fields of policies including decolonisation and cold war; trade, currency and aid policies; conflict resolution; propaganda and cultural relations; opium control; nationality and immigration control; and role of the queen. All these contributions are solid empirical studies based on multi-archival research. The main objective of the postwar British foreign policy can be summarised as maintenance of her influence and prestige as a world power, despite her declining military and economic power of which the government was well aware. For this goal, the British government is observed to have pursued multi-layered pluralisation of its foreign policy as follows. In terms of regional focus, Britain not only tried to balance her relations with ‘the three circles’ which Churchill had called, namely, Empire/Commonwealth, the English-speaking world (especially the US),and united Europe, but also grew to attach importance to further two circles, namely, wider Asia including non-Commonwealth countries, and the United Nations, with all of the five ‘circles’ having overlaps. The field of policy expanded to include keener development assistance, publicity and cultural relations, what can be named as ‘normative diplomacy’, and royal family’s foreign relations, with some utilisation of the experiences before and during WWII. The policy styles also diversified with more emphasis on multilateral relations, coordinating/guiding role as a third power with restraining influence on the US, informality and ‘personal approach’ to promote understanding, and ‘power-by-proxy’ policy not only with the US but also with other third actors such as the UN and Japan. These new approaches seem to have enabled the British government to take a calmer and wider-angled position towards issues in the postwar global society. In addition, due to the history of accepting migrants from former colonies and having interests spread abroad, the British foreign policy has been ‘reflexive’ with domestic repercussions or pressures. In addition, the lasting ‘imperial mentality’ with closed perception of Britishness might prevent Britain from maintaining her global role. As an editor, I hope this special issue sheds a new light on the role of Britain in the global society and will help to attract even more scholarly attention to limitations and possibilities of the British foreign policy.

著者

櫻井 聖大 山田 周 北田 真己 橋本 聡 原田 正公 木村 文彦 高橋 毅

出版者

一般社団法人 日本救急医学会

雑誌

日本救急医学会雑誌 (ISSN:0915924X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.132-140, 2013-03-15 (Released:2013-05-29)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1 2

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重症感染症ではしばしばdisseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)を合併することで虚血性の多臓器障害を惹起し,その予後は不良となる。感染症自体のコントロールと適切な抗DIC療法を併せて行うことが重要である。わが国において現在,感染性DICにおいて最も推奨される抗DIC薬はアンチトロンビン(AT)製剤であるが,最近リコンビナントトロンボモデュリン(rTM)製剤の有効性が相次いで報告されている。当院で治療を行った感染性DIC症例に対して後ろ向きに調査し,rTM単独投与群と,rTMとAT併用投与群での臨床効果の比較検討を行った。両群間で患者背景や治療開始時の重症度には有意差はなく,DIC離脱率,7日以内のDIC離脱率,28日後生存率といった予後にも有意差を認めなかった。また血液検査での炎症系マーカー,凝固・線溶系マーカー,日本救急医学会の急性期DIC診断基準のスコア(以下,急性期DICスコア)は,rTM投与により有意に改善したが,rTM単独群とAT併用群の両群間では,その改善の程度に有意差を認めなかった。以上のことから,rTMにATを併用しても必ずしも予後の改善に結びつくとは限らず,rTM単剤でも臨床効果が期待できる可能性があると思われた。

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.102, no.10, pp.News10-News10, 2013-10-10 (Released:2014-10-10)

著者

瀧澤 英男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本塑性加工学会

雑誌

塑性と加工 (ISSN:00381586)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.661, pp.85-89, 2016 (Released:2016-02-25)

参考文献数

8