著者

Allen RUSH Paul HUBEL

出版者

社団法人 日本写真学会

雑誌

日本写真学会誌 (ISSN:03695662)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.57-60, 2003-02-25 (Released:2011-08-11)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

2

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The X3 sensor technology has been introduced as the first semiconductor image sensor technology to measure and report 3 distinct colors per pixel location. This technology provides a key solution to the challenge of capturing full color images using semiconductor sensor technology, usually CCD's, with increasing use of CMOS. X3 sensors capture light by using three detectors embedded in silicon. By selecting the depths of the detectors, three separate color bands can be captured and subsequently read and reported as color values from the sensor. This is accomplished by taking advantage of a natural characteristic of silicon, whereby light is absorbed in silicon at depths depending on the wavelength (color) of the light.

著者

大澤 俊彦

出版者

社団法人 日本食品科学工学会

雑誌

日本食品科学工学会誌 (ISSN:1341027X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.9, pp.728-735, 1995-09-15 (Released:2009-05-26)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

著者

五十嵐 春子 北田 紀久雄

出版者

農村計画学会

雑誌

農村計画学会誌 (ISSN:09129731)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.147-152, 2007-12-30 (Released:2008-12-30)

参考文献数

7

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Recently, biomass use is attracting attentions as one of the countermeasures against the global warming and resource exhaustion problems. This thesis deals with the policy of biomass use promotion and its problem from the viewpoint of the promoting institutions. For this purpose, an intensive questionnaire survey was conducted. We selected 260 institutions introduced on websites and mailed them questionnaires in September 2005. We got 111 responses out of those 260 (43.1%).

著者

Shizuyo Sutou

出版者

日本環境変異原学会

雑誌

Genes and Environment (ISSN:18807046)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2014.019, (Released:2014-06-19)

参考文献数

81

被引用文献数

2

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Three characteristics, i.e., bipedalism, nakedness, and the family reproductive unit, distinguish humans from other primates. Once a hairless mutation was initially introduced, these three could be explained inseparately. All primates except humans can carry their babies without using their hands. A hairless mother would be forced to stand and walk upright to hold a baby. As her activities were markedly limited, the male partner had to collect food and carry it to her to keep their baby from starving. He must have been sexually accepted by her at any time as a reward for food. Sexual relations irrespective of estrus cycles might have strengthened the pair bond, leading to family formation. Savannahs appeared 2.5 million years ago (Ma), which forced hominins to terrestrial life, but the ground was full of danger and a larger brain became advantageous. Wildfires occurred frequently; naked hominins approached fire for warming, but soon must find burnt animals in the aftermath of wildfires. The taste of burnt meat must be a driving force for hominins to become meat-eaters. They must have learned how to control fire and how to repel hairy animals that hate fire. To compete with large carnivores with fangs and claws, they became not hunters but robbers. When robber hominins found that a carnivore had killed a prey animal, they approached the predator and repelled it away from the victim using fire, then claiming the prey intact. Major events such as the timing of global cooling, the appearance of savannahs, the appearance of early humans, decline of large predators, the manufacture of stone tools, and the start of cooking largely coincide at 2.5 Ma. Cooked meat must be tasty and easily digested, providing hominins with nutrients sufficient to enlarge the brain, while most large carnivores were forced to extinction. Thus, hairlessness created humans.

著者

黒木 康之 麻生 勤 中島 和子 堀 駿郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本人間工学会

雑誌

人間工学 (ISSN:05494974)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.5-6, pp.163-169, 1975-12-15 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

11

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今回, われわれは, 22~29才の男子被験者18名を対象にして, 一般道路上の通常走行実験を行ない, 連続記録したEEG, ECGおよびEOG等より意識水準低下の出現傾向を調べた. その結果, 18名中6名の被験者に意識低下を表わす8~13Hzのα波の出現をみた. とくに, 昼食後に最も多く出現した精神的疲労, 慣れの現象による運転意欲の低下および日内生体リズム等が関与し, 一時的な精神弛緩状態を作り出すことが起因と考えられる. したがって, 運転者はこうした要因の複合化しないよう心掛ける必要があり, 運転態様の影響も重視してゆくべきだと考えられた.

著者

Hiroshi Ohkuma Tetsuya Nakagawa Katsuyuki Shizu Takuma Yasuda Chihaya Adachi

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Chemistry Letters (ISSN:03667022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.7, pp.1017-1019, 2014-07-05 (Released:2014-07-05)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

63

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A spiro compound DPAA-AF combining an electron-accepting diazafluorene unit and an electron-donating bis(diphenylamino)acridane unit has been synthesized and used as an emitter in organic light-emitting diodes. DPAA-AF exhibits efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence, and a device based on this compound emits blue-greenish electroluminescence with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 9.6%.

著者

鈴木 直樹 平田 竹男

出版者

日本スポーツ産業学会

雑誌

スポーツ産業学研究 (ISSN:13430688)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.305-310, 2012 (Released:2012-11-16)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

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In this research we aimed to find out the effect of professional baseball teams on the attendance of J. League clubs.    We conducted a regression analysis of the dates of attendance. The dependent variable was the number of spectators per game. In the selection of independent variables, we added 2 baseball variables ( “Baseball game” and “Baseball team franchise” ) to the variables used in existing literature and extracting 16 independent variables.     As a result of regression analysis we found that “Baseball game” had a negative effect on attendance of J. League clubs, and “Baseball team franchise” did not have an effect on it.

著者

Kenichiro Yaita Kazuhiko Nakaharai Yukihiro Yoshimura Motoharu Hirano

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.14, pp.1591-1592, 2014 (Released:2014-07-15)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

4

著者

Jemyung Shim Minchull Park Sangyeol Lee Myounghee Lee Hwanhee Kim

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.227-232, 2010 (Released:2010-09-18)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3 5 1

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of shoulder stabilization exercise and shoulder isometric resistance exercise on maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) rate of change of shoulder stabilization muscles and hand function. [Method] The subjects of this study were nineteen healthy adults who had no problems with their musculoskeletal system. Group I performed shoulder stabilization exercise with a ball for 30 minutes. Group II performed shoulder isometric resistance exercise without a ball for 30 minutes. Electromyography recorded the MVIC rate of change of the upper trapezius, lower trapezius and serratus anterior in a manual muscle testing position after each exercise. All subjects were assessed for hand function (power and dexterity) using a dynamometer, pinch gauge, grooved pegboard and Purdue pegboard. The EMG data was compared using the independent t-test. Hand function was compared using the independent t-test and the paired t-test. [Results] The results of study were as follows: the MVIC rate of change showed significant difference between the shoulder stabilization exercise group and the shoulder isometric resistance exercise group for the upper trapezius and serratus anterior. In the shoulder stabilization exercise group, power grip, pinch, grooved pegboard test and Purdue pegboard test results were significantly increased post-intervention. In the shoulder isometric resistance exercise group, pinch was significantly increased post-intervention, but the other test results showed no significant differences. [Conclusion] We conclude that shoulder stabilization exercise is more effective than shoulder isometric resistance exercise for shoulder stability and hand function.

著者

小林 良彰

出版者

公共選択学会

雑誌

公共選択の研究 (ISSN:02869624)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2011, no.56, pp.19-19, 2011-07-15 (Released:2014-07-13)

著者

伊庭 健二 川崎 龍子 熊野 長次郎

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会論文誌C(電子・情報・システム部門誌) (ISSN:03854221)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.114, no.2, pp.252-258, 1994-02-20 (Released:2008-12-19)

参考文献数

5

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This paper presents a method for drawing power system networks using fractal technique. It is quite common to represent power systems as visual network graph. The drawing of such graph, however, was performed manually by human-hand. Automatic drawing makes possible to represent power system flexibly. The mathematical problem seems to be similar to “How to draw planar graph”. However, unlike to the planar graph problem which treats eassentially non-separable, power systems contain a few loops. Fractal graph is utilized in this paper. Our problem is defined as follows: (1) All vertex must be on the grid. All branches must be composed of horizontal or vertical line segments. The vertex that has more than 5 degree can be divided into sub-vertices. (2) Geometrical relationship between two vertices must be preserved as long as possible (In this paper, “Geometrical” means “Directional”). (3) Branches should not cross each other as long as possible. The method is applied to some practical power system networks. Although the method has some week points for grid systems, the test results show the feasibility of the proposed method.

著者

天野 宏一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.101, no.10, pp.2880-2885, 2012 (Released:2013-10-10)

参考文献数

11

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RAの病態に関わる炎症性サイトカインや免疫担当細胞の細胞表面分子を標的としたモノクローナル抗体や,これら標的分子の受容体とIgGとの融合蛋白製剤が開発されてきた.これらの生物学的製剤は,RAの関節炎を著明に改善するだけでなく,骨破壊の進行も抑制する画期的薬剤である.しかし,結核やニューモシスチス肺炎などの日和見感染症,アレルギー反応などの有害事象があり,適応を考えた慎重な投与が望まれる.

著者

内田 ゆず 荒木 健治 米山 淳

出版者

日本知能情報ファジィ学会

雑誌

知能と情報 (ISSN:13477986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.811-820, 2012-06-15 (Released:2012-06-26)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2 4

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日本語の語彙には,オノマトペが豊富に存在している.これらの語は生き生きとした表現力をもち,日本語でのコミュニケーションには欠かせないものとなっている.日本語を母語とする人は,ごく自然にオノマトペの用法を身につけ,「感覚的に」使用する.そのため,オノマトペをほかの言葉に置き換えたり,その意味を明確に説明することは困難である.日本語学習者がオノマトペの意味や用法を習得することは難しいとされている.オノマトペを学ぶ方法のひとつとして,オノマトペを用いた様々な表現に触れることが挙げられる.そこで,本論文では,ブログ記事を対象としたオノマトペ用例文の自動抽出手法を提案する.提案手法は,オノマトペの後続要素と係り先を分析した結果に基づくものである.評価実験の結果,41,315件のブログ記事から15,437文の用例文を抽出し,適合率96.2%(481/500)が得られた.

著者

中辻 真 藤原 靖宏 内山 俊郎 戸田 浩之

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.6, pp.457-467, 2013-11-01 (Released:2013-10-01)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

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Tracking user interests over time is important for making accurate recommendations. However, the widely-used time-decay-based approach worsens the sparsity problem because it deemphasizes old item transactions. We introduce two ideas to solve the sparsity problem. First, we divide the users’ transactions into epochs i.e. time periods, and identify epochs that are dominated by interests similar to the current interests of the active user. Thus, it can eliminate dissimilar transactions while making use of similar transactions that exist in prior epochs. Second, we use a taxonomy of items to model user item transactions in each epoch. This well captures the interests of users in each epoch even if there are few transactions. It suits the situations in which the items transacted by users dynamically change over time; the semantics behind classes do not change so often while individual items often appear and disappear. Fortunately, many taxonomies are now available on the web because of the spread of the Linked Open Data vision. We can now use those to understand dynamic user interests semantically. We evaluate our method using a dataset, a music listening history, extracted from users’ tweets and one containing a restaurant visit history gathered from a gourmet guide site. The results show that our method predicts user interests much more accurately than the previous time-decay-based method.

著者

白畑 敦 松原 猛人 伊津野 久紀 齋藤 充生 石橋 一慶 木川 岳 根本 洋 北村 直康 真田 裕 日比 健志

出版者

一般社団法人 日本消化器外科学会

雑誌

日本消化器外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:03869768)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.460-465, 2010-04-01 (Released:2011-12-27)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

6 4 8

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症例は62歳の男性で,2001年2月に他院にて絞扼性腸閉塞の診断で小腸部分切除術を施行された.同年5月に腹壁瘢痕ヘルニアを発症し,コンポジックスメッシュを用いたヘルニア修復術が施行された.術後経過は良好であったが,2006年8月腹痛が出現し近医を受診した.腹部広範に圧痛,発赤を認め,また腹部CTにおいては腹壁直下に液体成分と思われる低吸収域を認めた.メッシュを温床とした腹腔内膿瘍と診断され,切開排膿,同部の洗浄に加え,抗生剤投与が開始された.しかし,2か月を経過しても感染が遷延するため手術目的で当院に紹介となった.同年10月に当院にてメッシュ除去術および洗浄ドレナージ術を施行した.術後第8病日に経過良好で退院した.術後,感染の再燃は認めていない.

著者

草務 博昭 志村 俊郎 寺本 明

出版者

公益社団法人 日本人間ドック学会

雑誌

健康医学 (ISSN:09140328)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.325-327, 1998-11-30 (Released:2012-08-27)

参考文献数

10

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症例1:28歳女性。頭痛を主訴にMRIを施行,両側側脳室前角付近を中心にほぼ左右対称的に広がる脂肪腫,さらに同時に合併する脳梁形成不全症と診断された。神経学的異常所見は認められなかった。症例2:29歳女性。頭重感を主訴として頭部MRIを施行,左側脳室拡大と脳梁形成不全症と診断された。これらの症例はいずれも手術の適応はなく経過観察としている。これら2症例について若干の考察を加え報告する。

著者

伊藤 慎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本地質学会

雑誌

地質学雑誌 (ISSN:00167630)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.105, no.7, pp.508-520, 1999-07-15 (Released:2008-04-11)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

1 1

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堆積シーケンスの形成は相対的海水準変動と堆積物供給量に大きく支配されている.これら2つの要因の時空変化にともなって, 海進と海退や古水深の変化が発生する.したがって, 地層から識別される海進と海退や古水深の変化は必ずしも相対的海水準変動と一致するものではない.また, 堆積物供給量の空間的変化に対応して, 相対的海水準が一定の場合でも, 海進と海退が同時に発生することがある.このことは, 海進期堆積体と高海水準期堆積体の境界をなす最大海氾濫面が必ずしも同時間面を示すものでないことを意味している.さらに, 堆積速度の変化に注目して堆積物供給量の時空変化が比較される場合があるが, 堆積速度の大小関係と堆積物供給量の大小関係とは必ずしも同じ変動量ではない.このようなシーケンス層序学の基本的枠組みの相互関係を整理しておくことが, シーケンス層序学をさらに発展させ, 新しいモデルを構築していくために不可欠と考えられる.

著者

志水 寛 吉本 晴樹 清水 亘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.6, pp.610-615, 1962-06-25 (Released:2008-02-29)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

3 4

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A sticky paste, prepared by braying fish meat with 2 or 3% NaCl, turns to a tough and elastic gel, “kamaboko”, on cooking processes, such as steaming, boiling, or broiling. It has been experienced that if the processes are unsuccessfully conducted rather fragile gels sometimes yield. In the previous paper, the authors showed that in such cases the paste should be kept for a long time at a temperature range between 50°C and 60°C., the kamaboko gel lost its elasticity and became fragile. In the present study, such phenomenon, the collapse of gel structure during cooking, was observed. Samples used were lizard fish meat paste packed in Kurehalon tubus of diameter 3cm. (Kureha Kasei Co., Ltd.), and the cooking was made in water bathes kept at various temperatures. Gel-strength was evaluated by the magnitude of the tensile strength of a ring-shaped specimen (Fig. 1) and also the score values obtained by an organoleptic test in 10-point scale. Results are summarized as follows: (1) Lowering in the gel-strength during cooking occurred at higher temperatures than 50°C., favourably near at around 60°C. and again at 90°C. (Fig. 2). (2) Washing process on the raw chopped meat, by which a greater part of the water soluble matters was removed, raised the kamaboko-forming capacity of the meat paste, but had little effects on the change in gel-strength at 60°C. (Fig. 3). This may suggest that the water-soluble matters in the paste play a minor role in this phenomenon. (3) Meat pastes brayed of aged meat (stored for 5 days at 4°-5°C.) were more easily subjected to the heat influence at 60°C. than those of fresh meat (Fig. 3). (4) Initial pH of the paste seemed to have no significant influence on the occurrence of the phenomenon (Fig. 4). (5) Stability of the kamaboko gel to heating at 60°C. was quite different with the conditions, under which the paste had been kept prior to the cooking. Gels produced by pre-cooking at 80°C. and 90°C. for 20minutes did not change their strength even after heating for long time at 60°C., while those pre-cooked at lower temperatures than 70°C. were significantly damaged on the gel structure (Fig. 5).

著者

一ノ瀬 俊明 大西 暁生 石 峰

出版者

社団法人 環境科学会

雑誌

環境科学会誌 (ISSN:09150048)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.167-179, 2013-03-29 (Released:2014-04-15)

参考文献数

25

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中国の黄河流域において,大西ら(2006)の推計した水資源需給構造と,Ichinose et al.(2009)の推計した地下水利用構造とを地域別に直接比較することにより,データが存在せず実態把握の困難であった当該流域における地表水の利用構造を描き出すことを試みた。黄河流域に大部分が含まれる35 の地級行政単位を抽出し,立地の近接性と水資源需給構造の形態的類似性(共通する特徴)に着目してそれらを12 の小流域に分類した。一般に上流域では地表水に依存し,農業での利用割合が低いため,地下水利用の季節変動性は小さい。一方,中流域から下流域では地下水への依存の度合いが高くなり,農業での利用割合が高くなるため,地下水利用の季節変動性は大きくなる。とりわけ,その傾向は黄土高原において顕著である。また,最下流域では再び地表水に依存している。さらに地下水利用構造の類似性にもかかわらず,小流域の中でも地表水を含めた水資源の需給構造に多様性が見られる地域がある。とりわけ中流域では,大河川へのアクセスの状況に応じて多様性が顕著である。

著者

宮崎 良文 池井 晴美 宋 チョロン

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.122-135, 2014 (Released:2014-05-24)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

4 23

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There has been growing attention on the effects of forest on physiological relaxation and immune recovery, particularly in forest medicine research, from a perspective of preventive medicine. Japan is a world leader in the accumulation of scientific data on forest medicine research. In this review, we summarize the research that has been conducted in this area since 1992. We conducted field experiment, involving 420 subjects at 35 different forests throughout Japan. After sitting in natural surroundings, these subjects showed decrease in the following physiological parameters compared with those in an urban control group: 12.4% decrease in the cortisol level, 7.0% decrease in sympathetic nervous activity, 1.4% decrease in systolic blood pressure, and 5.8% decrease in heart rate. This demonstrates that stressful states can be relieved by forest therapy. In addition, it should be noted that parasympathetic nervous activity was enhanced by 55.0%, indicating a relaxed state. The results of walking experiments provided similar results. Li et al. demonstrated that immune function was enhanced by forest therapy in middle-aged employees who volunteered to participate in these experiments. Natural killer cell activity, an indicator of immune function, was enhanced by 56% on the second day and returned to normal levels. A significant increase of 23% was maintained for 1 month even after returning to urban life, clearly illustrating the preventive benefits of forest therapy. In an indoor room experiment, we conducted tests with the following: 1) olfactory stimulation using wood smell, 2) tactile stimulation using wood, and 3) auditory stimulation using forest sounds. These indoor stimulations also decreased the blood pressure and pulse rate, and induced a physiological relaxation effect. We anticipate that forest medicine will play an increasingly important role in preventive medicine in the future.