著者

Hiroshi SHINOKUBO

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.1, pp.1-11, 2014-01-10 (Released:2014-01-31)

参考文献数

98

被引用文献数

12 30

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Borylated functional π-systems are useful building blocks to enable efficient synthesis of novel molecular architectures with beautiful structures, intriguing properties and unique functions. Introduction of boronic ester substituents to a variety of extended π-systems can be achieved through either iridium-catalyzed direct C–H borylation or the two-step procedure via electrophilic halogenation followed by palladium-catalyzed borylation. This review article focuses on our recent progress on borylation of large π-conjugated systems such as porphyrins, perylene bisimides, hexabenzocoronenes and dipyrrins.

著者

Xuan Zhu Chunqing Wu Yuhua Tang Junjie Wu Xun Yi

出版者

一般社団法人 電子情報通信学会

雑誌

IEICE Electronics Express (ISSN:13492543)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.5, pp.20130013-20130013, 2013-03-05 (Released:2013-03-05)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

4

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Utilizing memristor to obtain multi-level memory in nano-crossbar is a promising approach to enhance the memory density. In this paper, we proposed a solution for multi-level programming of memristor in nanocrossbar, which can be implemented on nanocrossbar without the need for extra selective devices. Meanwhile, using a general device model, this solution is demonstrated to be adaptive to a wide range of memristors that have been experimentally fabricated through HSPICE simulation.

著者

水上 惟文

出版者

日本爬虫両棲類学会

雑誌

爬虫両棲類学会報 (ISSN:13455826)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2004, no.1, pp.11-17, 2004-03-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

34

著者

福井 次矢 森實 敏夫 佐藤 温 松村 真司 水野 篤

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, no.12, pp.3054-3069, 2010 (Released:2013-04-10)

著者

Adrian Patalinghug YBAÑEZ Rochelle Haidee D. YBAÑEZ Florencia G. CLAVERIA Mary Jane CRUZ-FLORES Xuen XUENAN Naoaki YOKOYAMA Hisashi INOKUMA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13-0405, (Released:2014-04-09)

被引用文献数

4 23

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A total of 658 cattle in 6 provinces in the Philippines were screened for Anaplasma marginale infection by using a diagnostic heat-shock operon (groEL) gene-PCR assay. The screening-positive samples were further tested using the major surface antigen protein 1a (Msp1a) gene-PCR assay. Screening PCR results showed 130 cattle (19.8%) were positive for the A. marginale infection. Subsequent amplification using the Msp1a gene only showed 93 samples (14.1%) to be positive. In addition, 37 tandem-repeat structures, including 20 novel structures, and 41 distinct genotypes were identified. Interestingly, multiple infections of 4 different genotypes were also observed in A. marginale-infected cattle. The present study demonstrated the prevalence and characterization of diverse genotypes of A. marginale in the Philippine cattle.

著者

北川 石英 奥 達明 大里 拓也 村井 祐一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.811, pp.TEP0044-TEP0044, 2014 (Released:2014-03-25)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper presents the temperature and velocity measurements to clarify effects of inclination angle of a heated plate φ on natural-convection heat transfer enhancement by millimeter bubbles. In the range 0≤φ≤30˚, the heat transfer coefficient with bubble injection is much higher than that without injection, and the ratio of the heat transfer coefficient with bubble injection to that without injection (heat transfer coefficient ratio) ranges from 3.0 to 5.0. This is due to enhancement of both the transport of the warm liquid toward the downstream region and the mixing of warm liquid and cool liquid. The former results from the bubble-induced liquid entrainment, and the latter is mainly due to the increase in the liquid velocity fluctuation induced by a combination of the bubble motion and the vortex shedding from the bubble interface. Moreover, the significant bubble-induced liquid entrainment and the unsteady vortex occur near the heated wall at higher inclination angle of the heated plate. Hence, the heat transfer coefficient ratio increases with increasing inclination angle of the heated plate.

著者

安彦 一恵

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1999, no.50, pp.61-73, 1999-05-01 (Released:2010-05-07)

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或る〈状況〉にあるとき人は何をなすべきか。この問いに答えて行為するのが「道徳」であるとして、それは、その〈状況〉の《価値》的様相に応じて行為するという現象であるとも、あるいは、その〈状況〉に関する《規範》に従って行為するという現象であるとも敷衍できる。しかし、そこでさらに、「道徳」の現象に反省的に、そうした行為はそのまま妥当なものかと問うなら、一つの方向として、そこに《合理性》があるなら妥当であると次には言うことができる。「道徳哲学」-ないしは「倫理学」-とは、一つの、しかし最も基本的なかたちとして、「道徳」の合理性を問うものであるとも言える。そこには、「道徳」の正当化として、自ら合理性の証示を行なうものに加えて、そうした合理性の証示は不可能だと論証するものも含まれる。こうした作業は、それとして重要だと考えるが、しかしながら我々はここでは、言われるところの「合理性」が果たして一義的な概念であるのかとの疑問のもとで、基本的に異なる二つの「合理性」観念が「道徳哲学」において支配しているということを、その背景をなすものから明らかにしたい。そしてそれは、実はこの〈合理性〉観念の相違こそが、相互対立を含んで様々な「道徳哲学」を展開させているのだと我々はみているからである。

著者

Joel HANSSON Masayuki TAKANO Tadao TAKIGAMI Takahiro TOMIOKA Yasufumi SUZUKI

出版者

社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

JSME International Journal Series C Mechanical Systems, Machine Elements and Manufacturing (ISSN:13447653)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.451-456, 2004 (Released:2005-01-25)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

3 18

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A new method for improving riding comfort by reducing vertical flexural vibrations in railway car bodies using piezoelectric elements is studied in this paper. Piezoelectric elements are attached on the car body in order to convert vibration energy to electrical energy, which can be dissipated in a shunt circuit. Assuming the car body as an elastically supported Bernoulli-Euler beam, theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are carried out. The numerical results are supplemented by experiments on a 1:5 scale model of a Shinkansen vehicle. Both numerical and experimental results indicate that the method yields significant vibration suppression with only a small amount of added weight. Two types of shunt circuits; a single-mode circuit and a multi-mode circuit are studied.

著者

Tadao TAKIGAMI Takahiro TOMIOKA

出版者

公益財団法人 鉄道総合技術研究所

雑誌

Quarterly Report of RTRI (ISSN:00339008)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.225-230, 2005 (Released:2006-02-23)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

3 13

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The goal of this study is to reduce the bending vibration of railway vehicles by applying a vibration suppression technique that utilizes piezoelectric elements electrically shunted by an external circuit. This paper presents an investigation that uses a scale model of a Shinkansen vehicle about 5m long. Small pieces of piezoelectric elements are bonded to its floor structure and electrically connected to a shunt circuit featuring a design based on a newly proposed method. The results of excitation tests show that the bending vibration of the carbody can be reduced successfully.

著者

Greg Short Keikichi Hirose Nobuaki Minematsu

出版者

一般社団法人 日本音響学会

雑誌

Acoustical Science and Technology (ISSN:13463969)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.73-85, 2014-02-01 (Released:2014-03-01)

参考文献数

34

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For Japanese speech processing, being able to automatically recognize between geminate and singleton consonants can have many benefits. In standard recognition methods, hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are used. However, HMMs are not good at differentiating between items that are distinguished primarily by temporal differences rather than spectral differences. Also, gemination depends on the length of the sounds surrounding the consonant. Because of this, we propose the construction of a method that automatically distinguishes geminates from singletons and takes these factors into account. In order to do this, it is necessary to determine which surrounding sounds are cues and what the mechanism of human recognition is. For this, we conduct perceptual experiments to examine the relationship between surrounding sounds and primary cues. Then, using these results, we design a method that can automatically recognize gemination. We test this method on two datasets including a speaking rate database. The results attained well-outperform the HMM-based method and overall outperform the case when only the primary cue is used for recognition as well as show more robustness against speaking rate.

著者

浅野 光紀

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006, no.57, pp.113-124,6, 2006-04-01 (Released:2009-07-23)

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Practical reasoning is deliberation about what to do. In order to figure out the best thing for her to do, the agent weighs both the reasons for and against a particular course of action and finally forms the judgment: "All things considered, I should do x". In cases of akrasia, however, the agent curiously fails to abide by this best judgment. She freely and intentionally does something that she knows well, at the time of action, to be worse than the best alternative. What is the meaning of this irrational, self-destructive action? How can it be even possible?The chief aim of this paper is to explain how we can act freely against our best judgment, but this task will also lead us to see the significance of akrasia for the contemporary philosophy of action. The significance of akrasia, I shall argue, lies in the fact that it reveals the other crucial determinants of our actions than practical reasoning, the importance of which has not yet been fully recognized and emphasized in the philosophy of action.

著者

相澤 康隆

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2009, no.60, pp.121-135_L8, 2009 (Released:2010-11-09)

参考文献数

19

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In Book 7 of his Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle explains how a man can do what he knows to be wrong. Traditionally, Aristotle's account of akrasia is interpreted in this way: when someone acts from weakness of will, he doesn't know that what he does is wrong and that he should not do it. For example, when a diabetic eats something sweet because of his appetite, he doesn't know that he should not eat it.However, some objections have been made against this traditional interpretation. First, Aristotle seems to think that some akratic people know they should not do such and such (1150b19-22). If he thinks this, the traditional interpretation contradicts his text because on that interpretation an akratic person doesn't know he should not do such and such. Second, on the traditional interpretation there can be no conflict of motives. If an akratic person doesn't know he should not do such and such, he has no conflict between reason and appetite. However, it is quite clear to us that when we act from weakness of will, we have a conflict of motives.These objections can be answered by making few modifications to the traditional interpretation. It is true that an akratic person doesn't know at the time of his act that he should not do such and such. However, he knows it before he acts. If the traditional interpretation is modified in this way, the above objections can be answered. First, in 1150b19-22 Aristotle thinks some akratic people know before they act that they should not do such and such. Second, an akratic person does have a conflict of motives before he acts. He does have a conflict between reason and appetite before he acts, though at the time of his act he no longer has it.Making these modifications to the traditional interpretation, we can interpret Aristotle's account of akrasia consistently.

著者

金杉 武司

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2012, no.63, pp.201-216_L11, 2012 (Released:2012-10-16)

参考文献数

9

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It is generally thought that the motivation for an action can be explained in terms of a desire (or evaluative judgment) and a belief. It is not clear, however, what kind of explanation is the explanation of the motivation for an action. This paper takes up and considers the validity of two answers to this question from different perspectives: the causal theory of action and the anti-causal theory of action. Construing practical reasoning as a simple practical syllogism, Donald Davidson argues that the motivation for an action can not be fully explained by the rationality of practical reasoning and needs to be explained by the causal relation between a beliefdesire pair and an action (the causal theory of action). Practical reasoning, however, can not be construed as a simple practical syllogism. An agent should be construed to start with a prima facie judgment about the desirability of an action and to work to reach an all-things-considered (ATC) judgment before reaching a conclusion in practical reasoning. Under such a construal, Davidson's argument that the rationality of practical reasoning can not fully explain the motivation for an action loses its validity (the anti-causal theory of action). It appears prima facie, however, that the causal theory of action is required for explaining the motivation for an akratic action. An akratic action is a free action that is contrary to an ATC judgment about the most desirable action reached at the time of performing it, and it is thus generally considered that the motivation for an akratic action is not determined by practical rationality. Rather, it is more plausibly determined by causal powers of individual desires (or evaluative judgments). Under the causal theory of action, however, an akratic action can not be construed as a free action since, under the theory, an akratic agent is a passive being who is at the mercy of the causal power of desires and hence does not have autonomy in the sense of a capacity to determine his/her motivation voluntarily, which is required for a free action. In order for an akratic action to qualify as a free action, it must be an action that is contrary to a comprehensive ATC judgment and, at the same time, arises because of a cognitive-condition-bound ATC judgment in favour of it. Furthermore, the motivation of an action, in general, must be explained by a practical rationality that includes cognitive-condition-bound ATC judgments (the anti-causal theory of action).

著者

鳥羽 通久 太田 英利

出版者

日本爬虫両棲類学会

雑誌

爬虫両棲類学会報 (ISSN:13455826)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006, no.2, pp.145-151, 2006-09-30 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

37

著者

小谷 眞男 下城 史江 飯泉 菜穂子

出版者

日本手話学会

雑誌

手話学研究 (ISSN:18843204)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.19-38, 2011-12-19 (Released:2012-12-20)

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Ochanomizu University (Tokyo) has started the new course, “Introduction to Sign Language Studies”, from the academic year 2010. This course has a position in the interdisciplinary liberal arts education programs of the University, Which are systematically introduced in 2008. In this course, Primarily, the well-trained deaf teacher, as a native signer, gives Japanese Sign Language (JSL) lessons to the students by the natural approach method, in other words, without any spoken language. The class-size is small (nearly15-18). Secondarily, the hearing lecturer, as a JSL-Japanese interpreter, talks on the JSL, the Deaf people and the life-history of herself by spoken language. The aim of “JSL in the liberal arts” is not only to learn the JSL itself, but also to attain cross-cultural awareness by coming into contact with a different culture, that is “Deaf culture”.

著者

細見 正明

出版者

社団法人 におい・かおり環境協会

雑誌

におい・かおり環境学会誌 (ISSN:13482904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.6, pp.323-330, 2005 (Released:2005-12-29)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

2 2

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八王子市の小学校で起こったPCB含有蛍光灯安定器の破裂事故を契機にPCBの「におい」を認識した.実際に30年程度使用されてきた蛍光灯安定器から,PCBのにおいを感じた.そこで,劣化したPCB含有安定器からPCBが揮発する可能性を明らかにするため,PCB含有安定器を使用している室内と使用していない室内に含まれるPCBを測定し,比較するとともに,PCB含有安定器をチャンバーに入れて通気し,PCB揮発の有無を確かめた.その結果,PCB含有安定器を使用していない室内の空気ではPCBは検出されなかったのに対し,PCB含有安定器を使用している室内では26~110ng/m3のPCBが検出された.これより,PCB含有安定器からのPCBの漏洩の可能性が確認された.一方,チャンバー実験からは,PCB含有安定器からのPCBの揮発が認められ,さらに検出されたPCBの組成は安定器を使用していた室内のPCBの組成と類似していた.これより,PCB含有安定器が室内PCB汚染の原因の1つである事が推定された.

著者

Masamitsu Yaguchi Hisa Yaguchi

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.16, pp.1833-1833, 2010 (Released:2010-08-13)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

2 4

著者

二宮 直俊 古庄 耕史 原 紘一

出版者

西日本整形・災害外科学会

雑誌

整形外科と災害外科 (ISSN:00371033)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.36-40, 2012-03-25 (Released:2012-06-26)

参考文献数

6

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今回我々は,当科において加療した大腿骨転子下骨折の症例について報告する.【症例1】20歳,男性.高所より転落し受傷した.右大腿骨転子下骨折の診断で,髄内釘による骨接合術を施行した.術後29週で骨癒合を認めた.【症例2】53歳,男性.交通事故で受傷した.右大腿骨転子下骨折の診断で,髄内釘による骨接合術を施行した.術後,骨癒合が遷延し,2年経過後,骨癒合を認めた.【症例3】60歳,女性.交通事故で受傷した.寛骨臼骨折,左大腿骨転子下骨幹部骨折の診断で,ロッキングプレートによる骨接合術を施行した.術後27週で骨癒合を認めた.【考察】大腿骨転子下骨折の治療は,髄内釘固定法,プレート法に大別されるが,骨癒合を得るためには両者とも良好なアライメントの獲得が重要である.

著者

上野 耕平 若原 優二

出版者

日本スポーツ産業学会

雑誌

スポーツ産業学研究 (ISSN:13430688)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.2_155-2_164, 2013 (Released:2013-11-16)

参考文献数

23

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between experiences in a high school athletic club and resilience. One hundred and ten high school athletic club students (58 first year students ; 36 males, 22 females, 52 second year students ; 30 males, 22 females) completed an athletic situational skills scale, a life skills scale (Ueno and Nakagomi, 1998) and an adolescent resilience scale (Oshio et al., 2002) . Both the athletic situational skills scale and the life skills scale are used to evaluate the psychological skills of students in both their athletic club and school life. The adolescent resilience scale has three subscales, including novelty seeking, emotional regulation, and positive future orientation. Structural equation modeling method was used for the analysis in this study. From the results, it was found that psychological skills in an athletic club relate to resilience through psychological skills in school life. The relationship between experiences in an athletic club and resilience of the second year students was stronger than that of the first year students. This suggests that experiences in a high school athletic club strengthen the resilience of the students if the coaches can work to integrate psychological skills that have been acquired through participation in athletic clubs into school life.

著者

長坂 格

出版者

日本家族社会学会

雑誌

家族社会学研究 (ISSN:0916328X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.200-201, 2012-10-31 (Released:2013-10-31)