著者
小栗 秀暢
雑誌
コンピュータセキュリティシンポジウム2018論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2018, no.2, pp.927-934,

個人情報保護法の改正以降,匿名加工情報に関する制度が定着し,外部に提供する匿名データの安全性や有用性を高める技術が求められている.匿名データに対する安全性検証のコンテストPWS Cup では,過去のコンテストルールの中で,実際の研究者やアプリケーションを用いた再識別の試みによる安全性の評価方法を採用してきた.再識別を用いた安全性指標は,他の指標に比して対応できるアルゴリズムの多様性において優れている.その反面,過去のコンテストにおいては,全て異なる定義によって安全性を評価しており,その結果として出力された匿名データも異なるものとなった.本稿では,コンテストを通じて得られた知見を通じ,再識別率の持つ安全性指標として必要な要素をプライバシーフレームワークとの比較によって検討し,再識別率と存在否定の妥当性 (Plausible Deniability) を組み合わせた安全性指標とその活用方法について提案する.
著者
今西 文男
出版者
公益社団法人 日本ビタミン学会
雑誌
ビタミン (ISSN:0006386X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.3, pp.313-322, 1961-03-25 (Released:2017-12-18)

The lesion of each organ of the rats administrated with 50,000 I.U. of vitamin A-acetate for 7-15 days was examined histologically. After describing the pathological changes of heart, liver, kidneys, brain, peripheral nerve fibers and end-plates in skeletal muscle, bone, endcrine glands etc., the author discussed the effect of synthetic vitamin A on the living bodies comparing with the old examination using liver oil. From the histological finding of thalamo-hypophyseal system, it was pointed out that the hypervitaminosis was regarded as a kind of stressor.
著者
大屋 定晴
出版者
経済理論学会
雑誌
季刊経済理論 (ISSN:18825184)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.2, pp.43-55, 2013-07-20 (Released:2017-04-25)

In 2011, global mass protests emerged, such as Occupy Wall Street movement. This paper considers how we can locate American anti-capitalist movements within the global justice movement. Since the protest against the 1999 WTO Ministerial Conference, the movements against neoliberal globalization have extended with a great variety, involving anarchists/autonomists. The latter's characteristics are symbolized by "Direct Action" or "horizontalism". Contemporary anarchist discourses (David Graeber, Marina Sitrin, and Massimo de Angelis) and Postmodern Marxism (Michael Hardt, Antonio Negri) have diffused, and we can see their influence on the Occupy movements in the United States. But the global justice movement subsumes the other oppositional wings; NGOs, some Marxist trends, popular education movements in Latin America, etc. Above all, according to Graber, "Marxism has tended to be a theoretical or analytical discourse about revolutionary strategy" and "[a] narchism has tended to be an ethical discourse about revolutionary practice". How then can we understand the relation between the anarchist's "ethics" and the contemporary Marxist's "theory"? How can we relate anarchist-autonomist views with logics of Marxists who have participated in the global justice movement, such as David Harvey and Samir Amin? Starting from this problem, we can derive five points to consider. 1. How to understand the "outside" of capital - Anarchists and Postmodern Marxists emphasize the creation of "outside" of capital. They suggest somewhat spontaneous emergence of the "common", the "outside", as a result of historical transition from industrial to biopolitical economy (Hardt and Negri), or as a process of "value struggles" (De Angelis). But Marxists propose the analysis of conditions of that emergence. Besides theorizing about capital accumulation/circulation process, theories of "co-evolutionary process" (Harvey) and "under-determination" (Amin) are attempts to study the non-economic conditions of "outside" creation. 2. Imperialism - Hardt and Negri regard the concept of "imperialism" as outdated, and De Angelis underestimates it. On the contrary, Harvey and Amin defend its contemporary importance. This opposition is based on the different interpretation of capitalist time-space. Marxists in question focus on the geographical agglomerations of capitalist activities, while Postmodern Marxists and anarchists emphasize the flattening "space" of capital. 3. State - Direct Action's discourses include the equation of state with capital. Hardt and Negri also identify the "Empire" with capitalistic domination, although considering the "nation-state" as obsolesced. Amin and Harvey oppose these opinions, because they consider the state as an institutional place/space where the capital accumulation process relates to, and collides against, the "co-evolutionary process" or "under-determination". So the "territorial logic of power" in states can hinder the demands of capitalist power. 4. Structural dilemma in social movement's organization - Occupy Wall Street tried to become a hallmark of participatory and democratic decision-making. This "horizontalism" could get Marxists consent. However, Harvey is cautious about a "fetishism of organizational form". Because we need "general rules" to resolve problems at wider scale, progressive anti-capitalist movements must accept hierarchical structures. 5. Position of intellectuals - Contemporary social movements include self-education processes. This poses the question about the position of intellectuals. Anarchists and autonomists condemn the leadership of intellectuals as a justification of hierarchical(View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)
著者
佐藤 智子
出版者
日本教育行政学会
雑誌
日本教育行政学会年報 (ISSN:09198393)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, pp.176-192, 2010-10-01 (Released:2018-01-09)

The question is whether we should promote and practice adult education at public expense. This problem about the necessity of public adult education has been accounted for by the promotion of decentralization. We can assume two choices for putting the autonomy of citizens into practice. One is a view that we can reduce the responsibility for informal adult education because it is enough for them to learn on a voluntary basis. The other is an idea that it should be necessary for adults to have the opportunity for continuous or complementary education for the sake of democratic governance. Wide differences exist among individuals in educational achievements ; therefore, it is important for them to have enough chances to learn at any one given point in time. This paper examines empirically whether and how adult education has any possible effects for people's psychological involvement in politics as active citizenship, and then considers some policy proposals. A logistic regression analysis to confirm any effects of formal and informal education and non-formal lifelong learning on people's political engagements was made which especially focused on the degree of psychological involvement, which can be strongly affected by education. Dependent variables dealt with as cognitive variables of political engagement include the sense of political efficacy and political obligation. Independent variables are schooling, informal adult education and non-formal lifelong learning, with certain variables added about individual attribution and other social factors for control. The analysis is based on the integrated data of JGSS-2000 and JGSS-2001. The findings of this analysis are as follows : 1) The higher the level of schooling achievement, controlling for other demographic variables, the more they feel political efficacy and political obligation. 2) In addition, their experience of informal adult education courses and reading books have positive effects on psychological involvement in politics. 3) Political obligation is affected by people's participation in hobby groups and hobby-oriented educational courses besides belonging to voluntary groups. These findings demonstrate the relationship between psychological involvement in politics and participation in lifelong learning besides schooling. While the sense of political efficacy is enhanced with pragmatic and technical knowledge, the sense of political obligation is improved with academic knowledge and social networks based on various group activities. Therefore, policy proposals might be as follows : First, courses, including lectures on pragmatic and technical contents, should be instituted to lend intensive support to people who have not experienced higher education. Second, governments and public agencies should not only allow the market to provide multiple programs and courses of adult education but also to promote and support people's participation in informal educational courses and non-formal learning networks.
著者
尾崎 公子
出版者
日本教育行政学会
雑誌
日本教育行政学会年報 (ISSN:09198393)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, pp.98-114, 2005-10-14 (Released:2018-01-09)

The purpose of this study is to examine how the Meiji government created the code which aimed at teacher's control and developed a teacher policy in the term of preparing public education. An historical archetype in teacher control policy is extracted through historical analysis of the code formation. And its structure is made clear. Attention was paid to the "conduct" imposed on the teacher, and verified that "conduct" was the code which was inseparable from the government of the nation-atate. Then, the process whereby "conduct" became the law aimed at teacher's control and functioned was examined. The teacher's necessary condition of "conduct" was grasped as a code in order to watch his /her performance in the beginning. This point was confirmed using two cases, the senate conference and the teacher policy of Nagano Prefecture. However, "conduct" was in fact being formed as a code that prohibited a teacher's political activity, which reflected on the development of the civil rights movement. This study was meant to examine what role the Ministry of the Interior took in the creation of the teacher control code. It built up a system that watched people's behavior. That system covered not only immorality but also offenses against national affairs from the viewpoint of the maintenance of public order. As a result, the people who were concerned with the civil rights movement (jiyuminken movement) were judged not on the basis of an offense against national affairs but as "misconduct". In such a policy, consciousness was formed that the act of making a protest against the government was "misconduct". In other words, "conduct" was reconstructed and functioned as a code that was applied to not only immorality but also to political activity. Though it is a regulation code, "conduct" is being received as an everyday standard to confirm deviate behavior and to exclude it. Therefore, "conduct" made it possible to strengthen the teacher control system. To verify this point, articles of Shinano-Mainichi were taken up, and the related structure of the newspaper, police, and the educational administration were pointed out. As "conduct" imposed on the teacher was commonly stopped at the level of the society, it was never studied as a government idea. However, it is confirmed that "conduct" is inseparable from the government of the nation-state given the above considerations. The nation-state asked government officials, including teachers, to lead the conduct of people as a "standard" or "model". In other words, national agents were asked for both self-control and other-control, and its behavior was clearly directed. An individual style of control by this "conduct" code can thus be found.
著者
高尾 哲也 藤本 清彦 中山 榮子 佐々木 央 永井 寛 桃原 郁夫
出版者
一般社団法人 日本家政学会
雑誌
日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.12, pp.757-765, 2020 (Released:2020-12-19)
参考文献数
19

木製まな板およびエンボス加工されたプラスチック製まな板について, 新品および使用済みのまな板をそれぞれ3枚入手し, 模擬的な調理後の洗浄, 次亜塩素酸消毒処理, 自然乾燥の各工程における一般生菌数および大腸菌群数を測定した. また, まな板の表面粗さの定量的な検討を行い, 粗さと生菌数等との関係を検討した. 模擬的な調理を行った後の, 洗浄, 消毒, 乾燥工程後の一般生菌数及び大腸菌群数は木製新品まな板, 木製使用済みまな板, プラスチック製使用済みまな板間で有意な差はなかった. 一方, 未使用および使用済みまな板双方で表面粗さは, まな板によって差があるものの, 全体としては木製まな板の方がプラスチック製まな板と比べて小さかった. 数年間使用したことにより平滑性が低下した木製まな板でも, 粗さはエンボス加工されたプラスチック製まな板と同等かそれ以下であった. まな板の表面粗さと微生物の残存性との関係を検討した結果, 凹凸の平均粗さ (Pa) が乾燥時の一般生菌数と大腸菌数で正の相関を, 凹凸差を示す最大高さ (Pz) が洗浄後と消毒後の一般生菌数と大腸菌数とに対して正の相関を示した. 一方, 最大深さ (Pv) はこれらと相関を示さなかった. これらの事から木製まな板においては, Pa及びPzがエンボス加工されたプラスチック製まな板と同等かそれ以下であり, 「大量調理施設衛生管理マニュアル」が定める洗浄, 消毒, 乾燥工程を経れば, 木製まな板とエンボス加工された使用済みプラスチック製まな板との間で, 洗浄性や消毒性, 微生物の生残性にも有意な差は無く, 両者を同様に使用でき, 衛生性の差も大きくないと考えられた.
著者
池田 学 一美 奈緒子 橋本 衛
出版者
一般社団法人 日本高次脳機能障害学会
雑誌
高次脳機能研究 (旧 失語症研究) (ISSN:13484818)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.3, pp.304-309, 2013-09-30 (Released:2014-10-02)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
2

進行性失語の概念と診断について,脳前方部に原発性の変性病変を有する認知症の枠組みの中で特徴的な進行性失語症を主症状とする臨床症候群を捉える流れと,Mesulam が当初は全般的認知症を伴わない緩徐進行性失語症(slowly progressive aphasia without generalized dementia)として報告し,その後も発展させてきた(脳血管性失語に対しての)変性性失語症という流れを辿り,概念の変遷と診断基準の特徴を紹介した。そして,各々の診断基準を実際に自験例に当てはめた場合,進行性失語の各サブタイプの診断がどのように変化するかを示すことにより,各々の診断基準の特徴と課題を検討した。
著者
森脇 愛絵 松﨑 政代 中井 佳奈 住友 陽菜
出版者
日本運動疫学会
雑誌
運動疫学研究 (ISSN:13475827)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.2, pp.73-82, 2020-09-30 (Released:2020-12-12)
参考文献数
36

目的:本研究では,健康な産後の女性の疲労感に対する運動プログラムの影響をランダム化比較試験(randomized controlled trial; RCT)のシステマティックレビューによって明らかにすることを目的とした。方法:データベースは,MEDLINE,CINAHL Plus,The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Web of Science,医学中央雑誌を用い,全期間を検索した。採用基準は,1)褥婦を対象としたRCTを実施,2)介入内容が産後の運動,3)アウトカムに疲労を測定する尺度が含まれている,4)日本語または英語の論文であること,のすべてを満たすものとした。除外基準は,産後うつ病と診断された褥婦を対象としたものとした。結果:論文62編が検索され,採用基準に合致した6編を対象とした。運動による疲労軽減効果が示されたのは3編であった。しかし,バイアスの評価・検証を行った結果,効果のある論文ほど「高リスク」あるいは「リスク不明」の項目が多かった。また、実際の運動量が指示された運動量を満たせていなかったものが3編あった。結論:運動プログラムの実施による疲労への軽減効果について明らかにすることはできなかった。今後,アドヒアランスを維持させ低バイアスの質の高いRCTを実施し,疲労感への運動の有用性を明らかにする必要がある。
著者
北川 宏 草田 康平 古山 通久 吉田 幸大
出版者
京都大学
雑誌
特別推進研究
巻号頁・発行日
2020-07-30

本研究では、多元素ハイエントロピー効果により、多くの元素種を固溶化させることで、新しいナノ固溶合金を開発すると共に、革新的な触媒機能の創成を行う。超臨界ソルボサーマル連続フロー合成法により、多種金属元素を原子レベルで融合させ、新元素、新物質、新材料の探索を徹底的に行う。1)貴金属8元素からなるハイエントロピー固溶ナノ合金の作製、2)貴金属-卑金属12元素からなるハイエントロピー固溶ナノ合金の作製、3)貴金属-卑金属-軽元素16元素からなるハイエントロピー固溶ナノ合金の作製に挑戦する。さらに、プロセス・インフォマティクスの適用により、一気通貫型の革新的プロセス開発を行う。
著者
石田 開 廣瀬 稔 池田 憲昭
出版者
一般社団法人日本医療機器学会
雑誌
医療機器学 = The Japanese journal of medical instrumentation (ISSN:18824978)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.1, pp.13-21, 2013-02-01
参考文献数
29

Cell-phones have a possibility to interfere with medical equipment, and using a cell-phone is restricted in some or all areas in many medical institutions. Cell-phone jamming equipment (CJE) has been introduced in critical areas to prevent cell-phone use. The CJE that were developed for medical use will not interfere with medical equipment nor other communication systems. There are many such devices that one can easily get on the internet or by mail order. This study investigated the malfunction of irradiated medical equipment and Wireless LAN (WLAN) by that type of CJE. We investigated 20 medical devices and 3 WLAN routers. The CJE interfered with four types of medical equipment and all WLAN routers that were investigated. One syringe pump raised an occlusion alarm and stopped infusion at a maximum distance of 22 cm from the CJE. One WLAN router was disconnected at a maximum distance of 6.2 meter. The maximum interference distance of medical equipment was comparatively smaller than that of the WLAN routers. Therefore, serious malfunction of medical equipment by CJE is probably not threatening. However, the malfunction of WLAN might affect clinical work using networks, because some WLAN routers or communication systems were susceptible to interference by CJE.
著者
花田 英輔 工藤 孝人 高杉 紳一郎 加納 隆
出版者
一般社団法人 日本医療情報学会
雑誌
医療情報学 = Japan journal of medical informatics (ISSN:02898055)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.4, pp.239-247, 2006-03-03
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
1

携帯電話は高い普及率を示しているが,一方で一律に電源断を求めている医療機関もまだ多い.患者や訪問者は医用電子機器,特に人工心臓ペースメーカに対する影響に関する情報が広く知られていることからそれに従っているが,中長期にわたって入院する患者にとっては通信手段の途絶を意味することから患者の心理面での負担になっている場合も見受けられる.<br/> 本稿では,患者サービスの面から要望が強いが,これまでその安全性に関する情報不足から医療機関における使用の是非の判断が行われてこなかった携帯電話について,具体的な解禁例およびこれまでに得られた知見から,安全な導入に向けた注意点と手法を示す.
著者
志津野 知文
出版者
国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構
雑誌
情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.12, pp.1011-1024, 1987 (Released:2012-03-23)
参考文献数
24

「生活」という言葉の定義は多義的であるが, 「生活」を, 生命を保つこと, 経済的に生きていけること, および社会的に存在すること, の三つに分けた三分法が妥当な解釈であるとし, 生活の静的な面をとらえた「生活構造」と, 生活の動的な面をとらえた「生活設計」の二つのシステムを中心に生活の事象を掘り下げ, 生活情報との関わり合いを説いた。また生活の事象を四つの観点, すなわち「人びと」, 「企業」, 「研究者」, 「行政」の観点から眺め, それぞれの観点より生活情報を探るとともに, 生活内容の分類例や生活情報の分類例を紹介した。
著者
望月 由起
出版者
お茶の水女子大学
雑誌
若手研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
2009

本研究では、現代の日本の小学校受験(お受験)が、ペアレントクラシーによる教育選抜にほかならないことを明らかにした。メリトクラティックな社会観をもつ「教育する家族」が小学校受験(や早期からの中学受験準備)に積極的に参入する現状を実証的かつ具体的に示し、早期選抜問題としての小学校受験や中学受験の「実態」に、真摯に目を向けていくことの必要性を提言した。

1 0 0 0 OA 奥羽同盟始末

著者
伊佐早謙 著
出版者
山形県
巻号頁・発行日
1908