著者
槙山 和秀 中井川 昇 村上 貴之 林 成彦 佐野 太 河原 崇司 関口 善吉 窪田 吉信
出版者
一般社団法人 日本泌尿器科学会
雑誌
日本泌尿器科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215287)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.101, no.6, pp.721-725, 2010 (Released:2012-03-16)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
2 1

(目的) 腹腔鏡下膀胱全摘除術(LRC)は従来の開腹膀胱全摘除術(ORC)と比較し,周術期にメリットがあるか否か検討した. (対象と方法) 横浜市立大学付属病院で膀胱全摘除術を施行した連続した22例を対象とした.2008年2月から2009年5月に施行したLRC 11例と,2006年10月から2009年4月に施行したORC 11例の周術期成績を比較した. (結果) 平均手術時間はLRC 521分,ORC 428分で有意にLRCが長かった(p=0.00794).平均出血量はLRC 801ml,ORC 2,156mlでLRCが有意に少なかった(p=0.0014).術後食事開始日の平均はLRC 4.6日目,ORC 9.3日目で有意にLRCが早期に食事開始できた(p=0.0142).術後最大C反応性蛋白(CRP)の平均はLRC 10.8mg/dl,ORC 16.6mg/dlで有意にLRCが低かった(p=0.0124).合併症発生率はLRC 27%,ORC 45%で有意な差はなかった(p=0.375).平均郭清リンパ節数はLRC 10.9個,ORC 13.7個で有意な差はなかった(p=0.262). (結論) LRCはORCに比べて,有意に手術時間は長いが,出血量は少なく,食事開始時期が早く,術後CRPのピークは低い.したがって,LRCはより低侵襲であり,術後早期にはメリットのある術式である.
著者
澤島 智明 松原 斎樹 藏澄 美仁 松原 小夜子 荒井 麻里
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.554, pp.69-76, 2002-04-30 (Released:2017-02-04)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
6 3

The indoor thermal environment and the residents' lifestyle in 8 thermally insulated prefabricated houses in the Kansai area were investigated. This report discusses the heating, room temperature, and usage of living space in these houses, comparing it with houses without insulation. The results are summarized as follows : 1) The residents of the prefabricated houses use kotatsus (tables with small heaters to warm the legs under the table and a skirt around the table to hold the heat in) and electric carpets because of the low temperature just above the floor level and additional heating apparatus because of the morning coldness. The room temperatures, however, are higher than in the houses without insulation. 2) In the houses without insulation, lack of heat retention causes the low temperature just above the floor level. In the prefabricated houses, it is caused by insufficient heater capacity and intermittent heating. 3) When the residents want to relax in the living room, they can't choose the seating style except sitting on the floor directly to use kotatsus or electric carpets because of the low temperature.
著者
渕上 貴代 河村 悠希 末廣 香織
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.779, pp.95-104, 2021 (Released:2021-01-30)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
1 1

From Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake happened in 1995, Japanese temporary housing for natural disaster was supposed to be prefabricated light-weight steel building. However, since the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, timber temporary housings have been provided. In Japan, the production system of timber houses has been developed drastically after the introduction of so called ‘pre-cut’, a kind of prefabrication system. Nowadays even small local construction company can provide a simple timber housing in about 1.5 month. For the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake 683 out of 4,303 units were made of timber. Those timber housing foundations were made of reinforced concrete, which is contrary to the conventional timber pile one and was intentionally chosen for the future permanent use. Temporary housing is determined by law to be demolished two years later. Therefore, people who cannot reconstruct their houses by themselves within that two years is forced to move to ‘disaster public housing’ which is also build by the government. To change the living place many times is big mental burden for victims and construction costs and resources are also wasteful. Therefore, we think the diversion of timber temporary housing is effective for those issues. We interviewed the officers who were in charge of temporary housing in Kumamoto pref. and municipalities in the area. We summarize the points of this paper below.  Conditions that the municipalities chose the timber temporary housing (Chapter 3, 4) (1) In Kumamoto case, it was easy to choose the timber in region which population density of habitable area is low and damage was little. (2) Each municipality had gradually recognized the merit of timber house as time went on. Table. 1 shows that the ratio of light-weight steel building supply was high in the beginning, but the ratio of timber one became higher as the construction ended. (3) Timber housing is not standardized but has high adaptability. Barrier-free temporary housing was made of timber (Photo 3). And light-weight steel prefabricated one needs wide road to bring construction machinery in. (4) Some municipalities answered it will take more time to provide the timber housings because of not only construction period but also time for consultation with the prefecture.  Conditions that the timber temporary housing can be diverted to the permanent housing (Chapter 6, 7) (1) In Kumamoto case, it was easy to divert the timber temporary housings constructed in small public land such as former public housing site, unused public land, park and square. (2) If the municipality can prepare the alternative land, they will get more extend possibilities to divert the timber temporary housings built in playing field and park based on City Parks Act. (3) When the timber temporary housing is diverted in private land, the municipality need to negotiate the land owner. Especially in case farmland, they should consider that it will take longer period and will cost a lot to obtain the permission of diversion. (4) Though the timber temporary housings in Kumamoto were diverted in the same way, we can extend the possibility of timber temporary housings by considering other utilizations after diversion according to each municipality's conditions.
著者
青野 香織 菊沢 康子
出版者
日本消費者教育学会
雑誌
消費者教育 (ISSN:13451855)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.09, pp.131-153, 1989 (Released:2021-09-16)
参考文献数
4

Recently it has become much more difficult for consumers to select pertinent housing, because there is a tendency for housing costs to take up too much of the total budget. Also there are often various problems about the contracts concerning buying, refurnishing or enlarging houses. Moreover there exists an overflow of both accurate and inaccurate information on housing through the mass-media. In order to overcome such difficulties, it is important not only to strengthen the power of authorities to take countermeasures but also to learn the nature of the problems on the side of consumers themselves. From this point of view, the aim of this paper is to point out existing problems of the present situation concerning consumer education of housing by educational institutions. An interview was carried out by the planning staff of a seminar about housing during May in 1987 and November in 1988, and various brochures published by public and private educational institutions were collected. From a survey it can be concluded that there is no such curriculum planned dealing with selection of pertinent housing systematically. This is true even though such public agencies as consumer centers adopt such topics as how to use and maintain electric appliances, and some private institutions open periodical seminars concerning such themes as acquisition of houses, selection of housing appliances and furniture, and interior coordination.
著者
石尾 和哉
出版者
公益社団法人 都市住宅学会
雑誌
都市住宅学 (ISSN:13418157)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2010, no.71, pp.135-144, 2010 (Released:2017-06-29)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
1

House manufacturers are required to take service strategy to win market competition with competitors and make profit improvement. But it is not clear what type of service can make profit, so this thesis is to make clear it. Consumers surveys are done to make clear their Willingness To Pay for various services.And correlation is analysed between house Manufacturers profitability and their service strategy. To conclude, the service to increase products value is required by consumers and profitability of house manufactures' who provide such service is better than other companies.
著者
小平 和一朗
出版者
日本開発工学会
雑誌
開発工学 (ISSN:13437623)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.2, pp.181-186, 2021-03-20 (Released:2022-06-24)
参考文献数
11

Chapter 8 of “Engineering Brands” series is “Embodying the Future Business in Mid- to Long Term.” We discuss the development of “the Engineering Brands” from the perspective of strategic marketing theories.CEOs predict outlook and draft mid and long-term plans. Dreams are not something that are given; you draw own dreams. Management works on developing their Engineering Brands while implementing the mid to long term business plans.A company comes together as a unit and establishes a “Brand” that is leading to the Next Generation. They would be able to communicate their strength with simple words if both employees and customers clearly understand the company’s brand concept.It is important to set clear company goals. This paper discusses when all employees making efforts to meet the common branding goals, the values of the company will rise.

1 0 0 0 萬葉集新考

著者
井上通泰著
出版者
國民圖書
巻号頁・発行日
1928
著者
張 淑倩 Shu-chien Chang 湘北短期大学 Shohoku College
巻号頁・発行日
no.29, pp.77-86, 2008-03-31

人気台湾ドラマ「流星花園」に出てくるスラング、成語、慣用句、ことわざをまとめ、そこから見た現代中国語表現の豊富さについて書いたもの。
著者
Kentaro Matsumoto Shenwei Ni Hiroyuki Arai Takashi Toyama Yoshiro Saito Takehiro Suzuki Naoshi Dohmae Kojiro Mukai Tomohiko Taguchi
出版者
Japan Society for Cell Biology
雑誌
Cell Structure and Function (ISSN:03867196)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.22085, (Released:2022-12-28)

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an ER-localized transmembrane protein and the receptor for 2’,3’-cyclic guanosine monophosphate&endash;adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), which is a second messenger produced by cGAMP synthase (cGAS), a cytosolic double-stranded DNA sensor. The cGAS-STING pathway plays a critical role in the innate immune response to infection of a variety of DNA pathogens through the induction of the type I interferons. Pharmacological activation of STING is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer, thus the development of potent and selective STING agonists has been pursued. Here we report that mouse STING can be activated by phenylarsine oxide (PAO), a membrane permeable trivalent arsenic compound that preferentially reacts with thiol group of cysteine residue (Cys). The activation of STING with PAO does not require cGAS or cGAMP. Mass spectrometric analysis of the peptides generated by trypsin and chymotrypsin digestion of STING identifies several PAO adducts, suggesting that PAO covalently binds to STING. Screening of STING variants with single Cys to serine residues (Ser) reveals that Cys88 and Cys291 are critical to the response to PAO. STING activation with PAO, as with cGAMP, requires the ER-to-Golgi traffic and palmitoylation of STING. Our results identify a non-nucleotide STING agonist that does not target the cGAMP-binding pocket, and demonstrate that Cys of STING can be a novel target for the development of STING agonist.Key words: STING agonist, cysteine modification, innate immunity, phenylarsine oxide
著者
松村 嘉久
出版者
The Association of Japanese Geographers
雑誌
日本地理学会発表要旨集
巻号頁・発行日
pp.171, 2014 (Released:2014-10-01)

1 はじめに 1980年代,満州国(1932-1945年)に郷愁を覚える日本人が,日中友好ムードのなか,中国東北を旅行するブームがあった(高媛2001)。それから30余年が過ぎ,満州国で過ごした記憶を持つ人々は,日本でも中国でも減り,これからの30年で確実にいなくなるであろう。満州国時代の観光資源に関しては,近い将来,その時代の当事者がいない状況で,見る側と見せる側とのせめぎあいのもと,編集され消費される時代が到来する。 満州国の首都・新京,現在の長春には,満州国時代の都市計画や地割が色濃く残り,当時の政府・軍部関係の近代建築を中心として,「観光」対象となり得る地域資源が多数存在する(周2011;邸ほか2010)。一般に,現代中国の近代化遺産は,植民地の負の「記憶」と重なるため,歴史的文化的な普遍的価値を評価しようとする動きがある一方,対外的にも対内的にも政治的な思惑や意味付けが埋め込まれ,不安定な状態に置かれ続けてきた。 本報告では,長春における満州国時代の近代遺産が現在,「観光」という文脈のもと,どのように保全・利用されているのか,加えて,見る側と見せる側のせめぎあいのなか,満州国時代の観光資源がどのように編集されてきたのかに迫りたい。2 満州国時代の観光資源の分布と保全・利用状況 人民広場や新民広場を中心に放射線状にのびる道路網,寸分狂わず南北軸を描く人民大街や新民大街。長春の衛星画像を見ると,日本や中国の伝統的都市にないヨーロッパ的な文法も取り込み,満州国の新首都を建設しようとした当時の技術者たちの意気込みが感じられる(越澤2002)。 満州国時代の近代建築が現存しているのは,旧市街地の人民広場や新民広場や文化広場の周辺,南北に走る人民大街や新民大街の沿道である。これら近代建築の多くは,補修保全され大学や病院などの施設として利用されていて,文物保護単位などで史跡指定はされているものの,一般の観光客は立ち入り難い状況にある。観光利用されているのは,太陽泛会所(旧満州国外交部)と松苑賓館(旧関東軍司令官官邸)くらいである。 中国共産党吉林省委員会(旧関東軍司令部)などは,外観の写真撮影すら阻まれる。革命政権の共産党は,旧権力の施設を接収利用したため,雲南省などの辺境でも,土司の要塞のような邸宅や大地主の立派な古民家の類も観光資源化されていない。 一方,旧市街地の中心の人民広場から,東北の外れに立地する「偽満皇宮博物館」と,西南の外れに立地する「長春電影制片廠」(旧満映)は,博物館として内外の観光客に公開されている。3 観光資源をめぐる諸相の動態 満州国時代の近代遺産を見る側は,満州国への郷愁を求めた80年代の日本人客から,90年代半ば以降,中国の国内観光客へと劇的に移行した。同時に,中国では国内観光振興と愛国主義教育との連動が強まり,見せる側の観光資源の意味づけも変容し,「愛国」・「抗日」・「中華民族」といったナショナリズムを喚起する言葉が目立つようになる(松村2000)。日本人の中国東北観光では,送り出す日本側での宣伝と,受け入れる中国側での解説に80年代からギャップがあり,90年代に広がった。 見せる側の論理に関して言及するなら,偽満皇宮博物館や長春電影制片廠などは,域外からの国内観光客の対内的なまなざしを意識して,満州国の負の記憶を増幅し,ナショナリズムを強化する象徴として,利用されている。しかしながら,その他の近代建築の多くは,それらを日常生活のなか淡々と利用することが,負の記憶を克服する手段であるかのように,全く観光資源化されていない。 2005年にマカオ歴史地区が世界文化遺産登録され,中国本土でも植民地支配と絡む近代化遺産を再評価する動きが高まった。近年,長春でも,対外的なインバウンド客のまなざしも意識しつつ,満州国時代の近代建築の普遍的価値を認め,観光利用しようとする機運も生まれつつある。日中双方で満州国世代がいなくなるなか,両国の未来を切りひらく議論は,満州国時代の遺産をどのように後世へ継承していくのかをめぐって,展開していくのかもしれない。参考文献越澤 明 2002. 『満州国の首都計画』ちくま学芸文庫. 高 媛 2001. 記憶産業(メモリアルインダストリー)としてのツーリズム─戦後における日本人の「満州」観光─. 現代思想29(4):219-229. 周 家彤 2011. 長春市における「満州国」遺跡群. 現代社会研究科研究報告6(愛知淑徳大学):97-111. 松村 嘉久 2000. 祖国中国をいかに見せるのか─観光,スペクタクル,中華民族主義─. 中国研究月報623:1-26. 邸 景一・荻野 純一 2010.『中国・東北歴史散歩─広大な大地に刻まれた近代日本の足跡─』日経BP出版.
著者
藤瀬 武彦 橋本 麻里 長崎 浩爾 高橋 努 岩垣 丞恒 山村 雅一
出版者
新潟国際情報大学情報文化学部
雑誌
新潟国際情報大学情報文化学部紀要 (ISSN:1343490X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, pp.143-158, 2003-03-20

The purpose of this study was to determine whether hyperoxic gas inhalation following anaerobic exercise hastens recovery or enhances subsequent performance. Eight male and four female university students performed two bouts of bench press exercise to exhaustion at 70% of 1RM (performance test: PT-1 and 2). Interval of two exercises was separated by a 30 min recovery period during which the subjects breathed either room air (NOX) or hyperoxic gas (60% O2 in nitrogen: HOX) for 20 min (1-21 min of recovery time). The entire procedure was repeated on each subject using the opposite gas on another day. The work load in PT was 41.3+10.9 kg (70.2% of 1RM). The numbers of repetition of bench press in NOX and HOX conditions were 15.0+4.7 and 14.5+4.4 repetitions in PT-1, and 13.7+4.1 and 13.0+4.0 repetitions in PT-2 (NOX, -8.7%: HOX, -10.3%), there were no significant differences between both conditions, respectively. The changes of blood lactate concentration and its peak values (NOX, 4.00+1.08 mM: HOX, 3.90+0.88 mM) during recovery periods were not significantly different between NOX and HOX conditions. In conclusion, these data indicate that hyperoxic gas inhalation offers no advantages on recovery from exhaustive anaerobic exercise or on subsequent exercise performance.