著者
熊谷 宣夫
雑誌
美術研究 = The bijutsu kenkiu : the journal of art studies
巻号頁・発行日
no.191, pp.1-27, 1957-03-30

The Shin Saiiki-ki, record of the Central Asian expeditions by the Ōtani Mission, states that the Reverend Watanabe Tesshin, during the first expedition, discovered on July 9th, 1906 a wooden cinerary casket covered with gold leaf (Fig. 1) at the ruins of a temple on the west side of the River Subasi in Kucha, East Turkistan. The record, however, does not give any description about the casket which has remarkable paintings in colours. Paul Pelliot excavated several specimens of similar caskets of wood at the same spot. In Kizil west of Kucha, Le Coq found another with colour paintings (Fig. 2). The casket under discussion, brought back by the Ōtani Misson, is likely also from Kucha, or somewhere around. Compared with the above-mentioned specimens, the subject piece (Pl. I & Fig. 4) is the most elaborate work, and the motifs of its paintings are rich in variety. Fig 3 show its scaled sketch. Like other specimens, it has a conical cover and a cylindrical container, but this is the only example with the surface covered with hemp cloth. The hemp base is coated with the priming of gofun (white pigment of calcium carbonate obtained by heating), over which contours are drawn in black ink and colours are put within them. The entire surface is subsequently coated with a transparent oil. It is to be noted that this is only example finished in this elaborate technique known in Japan as mitsuda-e ("litharge painting"). This casket, however, have heretofore been left unnoticed, for the paintings are concealed under stripes of blue, vermillion and grey pigments painted over them, the borders being covered with square pieces of gold leaf. The cover has four medallions enclosed in pearl-lace patterns. One of them, herein called a, contains the figure of a winged cherub with a yellow body, blowing a vertical flute. The second one, b, is a green cherub playing the biwa (lyre with pear-shaped body), with four pairs of scarves fluttering on his sides instead of wings; c shows a cherub like a, playirg a kugo (harp); and d is a cherub like b, with a musical interument which appears to be a genkin (lyre with round body) (Cf. Pl. II). Between a and b, and c and d, are each a couple of a parrot and a yamadori (a type of pheasant), with thier necks bent backward and holding either end of a jewelled ribbon in their beaks. Between b and c, and d and a, are the same paired birds, with their necks in ordinary poses and respectively holding something like sprays of trees in their beaks (Fig. 5). Such designs of cherubim are found also on one of the caskets brought back by Pelliot, and on the bronze bowl from West India (Fig. 9) published by A. Coomaraswamy. The cherubim on this casket have shaven heads, with some hair left on the foreheads, temples and vertexs. Examples of this characteristic head ornament antedating this piece are found in the murals at Site 3, Miran; after the present piece, there are examples in painting at Turfan and around (Fig. 6). Angelic figures with scarves instead of wings have earlier example in applied ornaments on terra-cotta objects from Khotan (Fig. 7), etc.; later ones are relatively numerous, for example, those in Turfan painting. The pearl-lace patterns on this casket so characteristic of Sassanian art, in comparsion with those on the broacde from Astana (Fig. 8a) whith boar's-head design, the mural on similar subject in the cave temple at Toyuq (Fig. 8b), the mural of ducks in the cave temple at Kizil, etc., are characterized by the existence of the four square buttons which suggest a later period. In this respect they are closer in age to the brocade with similar patterns from Astana. The sides of the container are ornamented with twenty-one figures of dancers and musicians, from the two banner-bearers, A and P, through C, D, etc. to U counted anti-clockwise (Cf. Pls. III & IV). C to I and S are dancers performing the Gigaku dance, wearing masks and distinctive costumes. Such surface decorations with sences of dance and music, as found also on terra-cotta pieces from Khotan (Fig. 10), must have been derived from those of Bacchants, and obviously contain Hellenistic elements. The examples on the subject casket, however, are vivid descriptions of the manners of Kuchú in those times. For instance, the form of the banner-poles, with their heads shaped like the handles of walking sticks, is in common with those in the wall-painting at the Murtuk cave temple arves (Fig. 11); the masks also have their kin in a fragment brought back by the Ōtani Mission (Fig. 14). The kugo (harp), too, is not bow-shaped like those frequently found in wall-paintings at Kucha and rather rarely seen in Kizil (Fig. 12), but is of the type similar to the one seen in murals at Kara-Khoja (Fig. 13), which was later introduced to Japan through T'ang China. From the above-mentioned viewpoints, we are led to think that the design on this casket reveals influence from Inida or Sassanian Persia, which, however, are flavoured with Eastern elements. The same can be said of the techniques of painting. The contouring black lires of the yellow-bodied cherubim, for example, are flanked by paralleling vermilion lines, the two thus forming double contours. This means that the kumadori ("shading", band of gradating colour running along contours) has here become a line. Because the same technique is emyloped in the wall-painting at Kara-Khoja (Fig. 16), the wall-painting from Turfan brought by the Ōtani Mission (Fig. 17), etc., the style of this painting should be dated in the later part of the Kucha period, namely the seventh century. It is interesting to note that this painting holds proof to the statement of Hsian Chuang, the T'ang priest who visited Kucha at the time : "The music and dance of Kucha are better than those of any other country I have visited." Excepting the wall-paintings, nearly no extant specimen of painting in Kucha is known to date. The author is happy with the opportunity of introducing this rare casket as well as a painting on hemp brought back by the Ōtani Mission (Fig. 15).
著者
萩野 源一
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.4, pp.363-380_4, 1936

<I>Problem</I>: The purpose of this study is to analyse and describe the temporal course of facial expression. Although many studies have been already attempted on the judgment of facial expression, there was lacking a consideration from a temporal point of view. Accordingly, the conclusions of most of these studies were negative. Now I wanted to take up the same thema from a standpoint which seemed to me most fundamental for the further study.<BR><I>Procedure</I> : I used as the objects of judgment a few motion pictures from the reason that otherwise we can not see repeatedly the same facial expression. The subject was a two years old boy. An adult, I think, is inadequate to be taken in film beeause he changes his attitude as soon as he is conscious of the situation.<BR>Thus I had nine series of film pictures of facial expressions of emotion, including five of <I>crying</I> and four of <I>laughing</I>. These films were protieded on the waalnld the images were analysed by the following methods.<BR>(1) To measure the length of eye old mouth opening quantitatively, and at the same time record the impressions of these.<BR>(2) To record the impression of the expression of the whole face.<BR>(3) A time-curve was plotted from, these'records.<BR><I>Summary of results</I>:<BR>(1) There are some specific differences between the temporal courses of <I>crying</I> and those of <I>laughing</I>, and these differences are decided by the internal conditions as well as the situation in which the subject is placed. But, generally speaking, we can find out a tendency that <I>crying</I> continues longer than <I>laughing</I>.<BR>(2) The climaxes of <I>crying</I> of the child show the same intensity irrespective of the causes, but in the case of <I>laughing</I> the climaxes are not the same.<BR>(3) The duration of climax of <I>crying</I> is very short. But a considerably strong<I>crying</I> as a whole continues long.<BR>The expression of <I>lauphing</I> continues for only a very short time when it is stong, and continues sometimes long (but shorter than <I>crying</I>) when it is weak.<BR>(4) Generally speaking, the speed of the changing of <I>crying</I> is slower than that of <I>laughing</I>.<BR>(5) In all cases the processes of the facial expressions jump up and down, and during the intervals of these there are slow changes.<BR>(6) <I>After crying</I> (sometimes before it) there is a long and slow change of expression. But <I>laughing</I> occurs and vanishes suddenly.
著者
泊 久信 平木 敬
雑誌
研究報告ハイパフォーマンスコンピューティング(HPC)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2011-HPC-130, no.45, pp.1-7, 2011-07-20

計算機が高性能になったことにより,より大きな問題を解くことができるようになった.入力が計算結果として出力されるまでに演算器を通る回数も,問題の規模と反復回数に応じて大きくなった.計算アルゴリズムの中には,演算器を通る回数が増えると誤差が蓄積していくものがある.このようなアルゴリズムを,より高性能な計算機を用い大規模な問題に対して適用するためには,より高精度な浮動小数点演算が必要である.ところが,高精度な浮動小数点数を扱うハードウェアは市販品としては少なく,結果としてソフトウェア実装を用いるのが一般的であった.ソフトウェアによる実装は幅広い環境で動作させることができる利点がある一方,性能を出しにくいという欠点がある.性能が出ない場合,そもそも高精度な浮動小数点数を扱う必要性は低い.本研究では,IEEE 754 規格を拡張して,8 倍精度 (256-bit) 浮動小数点数を定義した.評価では,POWER7 マシンでの倍精度の演算と,8 倍精度演算の 64 ビットPowerPC アセンブリでの実装との性能を比較し,8 倍精度が倍精度の 1/44 程度の性能の劣化になることを確認した.ハードウェア実装として,CPU の FSB に FPGA が結合された,Convey HC-1 を用いて,高性能な演算器を実装した.この FPGA ベースの実装を用いた場合,POWER7 の 8 コアのシステムに比べ,約 4.5 倍の 8 倍精度浮動小数点処理性能を実現した.
著者
本田 護 福岡 講平 津村 悠介 森 麻希子 入倉 朋也 渡壁 麻衣 平木 崇正 井上 恭兵 三谷 友一 大嶋 宏一 荒川 ゆうき 福地 麻貴子 本田 聡子 坂中 須美子 田波 穣 中澤 温子 栗原 淳 康 勝好
出版者
日本小児血液・がん学会
雑誌
日本小児血液・がん学会雑誌 (ISSN:2187011X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.5, pp.455-458, 2021 (Released:2022-02-08)
参考文献数
20

MEK阻害剤であるtrametinibは,BRAF遺伝子異常を有する視神経膠腫に対する有効性が期待されているが,本邦において小児の視神経膠腫に対する本薬剤の使用経験は極めて乏しい.今回我々はがん遺伝子パネル検査によってKIAA1549-BRAF融合遺伝子が検出された治療抵抗性の視神経膠腫に対してtrametinibを使用した症例を経験したため報告する.症例は8歳女児で生後7か月に視神経膠腫と診断された.診断後から合計5種類の化学療法と生検を含めて4回の手術療法を受けたが腫瘍は増大傾向であった.水頭症による意識障害が進行したが,髄液蛋白濃度が高く脳室腹腔シャントは施行できなかった.がん遺伝子パネル検査でKIAA1549-BRAF融合遺伝子が検出され,trametinibを2か月間投与した.投与期間中は画像上腫瘍増大の抑制効果を認め,髄液蛋白濃度も低下した.NCI-CTCAE version 5においてGrade 3以上の有害事象を認めなかった.本邦におけるtrametinibの有効性と安全性について,今後の症例の蓄積が重要と考えられる.
著者
水谷 令子 久保 さつき 西村 亜希子 Reiko MIZUTANI Satsuki KUBO Akiko NISHIMURA
雑誌
鈴鹿短期大学紀要 = Journal of Suzuka Junior College (ISSN:09158421)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, pp.59-64, 1996-01-01

三重県安濃町萩野地区で祭礼の御馳走として作られる「コノシロの腐れずし」は,すしの古い形である「なまなれずし」である。今回その漬け込みを見学するとともに,「すし」に関連ある事項について聞き取り調査をした。「コノシロの腐れずし」は塩漬けしたコノシロを塩出しした後,冷ました白飯を水で洗ってからコノシロの腹に詰めて漬け込む。漬け込み期間は75日間で,出来上がった「すし」は骨や頭までやわらかになっている。前報の音羽の「コノシロずし」とは漬け方や食べ方が異なっていた。
著者
西村 博睦 高須 賀豊 山本 めぐみ
出版者
The Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan
雑誌
日本化粧品技術者会誌 (ISSN:03875253)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.2, pp.88-94, 2006-06-20 (Released:2010-08-06)
参考文献数
6
被引用文献数
3 2

日本では, 「美」を表現するとき, “みずみずしい”という言葉を使用する。この“みずみずしい”は, Youthful, Fresh, Watery, Dewy等, 種々の「生命感あふれる美」の要素を含む形容詞であり, 場面に応じて使い分けられる。「見た目にみずみずしい肌」とは, 水分を含み潤っているように見え, 美しいツヤのある肌のことを表す。しかし, われわれが実施したコルネオメーターによる角層水分量と視覚官能評価との対応に関する研究では, 「実際に角層に水分を多く含む肌」と「見た目のみずみずしい肌」には, 相関性がほとんどなかった。そこでわれわれは, 「見た目にみずみずしい肌」を解明し, 美の要素の一つとなる“みずみずしく見せる”機能を持ったメークアップ品の開発に挑戦した。このためには, まず何をもって「みずみずしく見えるのか」, また「見えないのか」を定義する必要があった. そこで100名の女性を対象とした官能評価を実施した。その結果, これらのパネラーは「みずみずしく見える肌: 25人」と「みずみずしく見えない肌: 75人」の2グループに分けることができた。さらに「みずみずしく見えない肌」の要因に着眼し官能評価をしたところ, 乾燥して見える肌と脂ぎって見える肌の2グループに分類できた。そして, この計3グループの肌の見え方の違いを, 特殊な条件で解析した光学特性値を用いることで定性的に分類することに成功した。さらに, 肌の光学特性値がこれらのグループをなぜ定性的に分類できるのかを探った結果, 表面の形態 (ミクロ的な均一性) と明らかな関連性があることが判明した。「みずみずしく見える肌」の光学特性の知見から, 「みずみずしく見える」機能を組み入れるメーク膜の設計を行い, ファンデーションを開発するに至った。
著者
冨田 隆太 阿部 今日子
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.790, pp.873-882, 2021-12-01 (Released:2021-12-01)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
1

The "floor" that is in constant contact with people is important for users to spend comfortably and safely in the architectural space. Improving floor performance (safety and comfort) is considered to be an important issue for all generations, including children, adults and the elderly. The purpose of this study is to be safe and comfortable for children and the elderly, and to solve the problem of floor impact sound. It is "Development of tatami with consideration for sound insulation performance and safety and formulation of design guidelines". In this paper, we first focused on tatami as a basic study. We examined heavy-weight floor impact sound, the hardness at the time of a fall collision, and the hardness at the time of walking. In addition to commercially available straw tatami and building material tatami, five types of tatami mats focusing on vibration isolation were prototyped and experimentally examined. For reference, we also examined light-weight floor impact sound. As a result of this paper, the following findings were obtained. 1) Straw tatami and building material tatami had no effect on the heavy-weight floor impact sound level reduction in the 63 Hz band, and were about 0 to -1 dB. In tatami mats that was prototyped in this paper, considering the vibration isolation, we were able to achieve a performance improvement of 3 dB by reducing the heavy-weight floor impact sound level in the 63 Hz band. 2) Regarding the hardness at the time of a fall collision, straw tatami and building material tatami were 50 to 53 G. The prototype tatami mats had a large impact mitigation effect of 20 to 31 G. 3) Of the prototype tatami mats that were able to realize (1) and (2), T4 and T5 were also good for walking. 4) Regarding the four types of performance related to floor hardness, the relationship of quantitative evaluation of each performance was clarified. It turns out that none of the performances correspond linearly. It was suggested that it is necessary to examine each layer in the floor cross section and the combination of each layer for each performance. As described above, in this paper, it was found that the prototype tatami mat does not impair the walking feeling, and the effect can be obtained by the amount of reduction in heavy-weight floor impact sound level and the hardness at the time of a fall collision. In addition, the effectiveness of introducing such a vibration-proof structure into tatami mats was suggested.
著者
REMIS Melissa J.
出版者
日本熱帯生態学会
雑誌
Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, no.4, pp.245-255, 1993
被引用文献数
46

中央アフリカ共和国,ザンガーサンガ密林保護区のパイーホクに生息するローランドゴリラの27ヶ月にわたる調査(1990.8-1992.11) で, 1231箇の巣が163箇所の泊場で発見された。これらの分析で得られた結果を,同地域の異なる時期の調査結果および他の地域の結果と比較して報告する。<BR> 巣数の資料は, 1) 地域個体群の個体数や生息密度の推定と, 2) ゴリラ集団のサイズや構成,そしてそれらの変動を知るために直接観察の補助としてよくもちいられる。パイーホク調査地では,継続調査中に記録された巣(寝跡だけのものも含める)のうち,44% が巣としてなにもつくっていない寝跡だけのものであった。15% の泊場所においては,巣は全く作られていなかった。同じ地域できめの細かい巣跡のセンサスを行った結果では,巣無しの寝跡が30% を占めた。これらの結果は,巣無しの寝跡を0~10% の範囲と報告している他地域での調査結果と著しく異なる。<BR> 泊場でどのような巣を作るかは,多分,適切な材料が泊場にあるかどうかに左右されよう。パイーホクでは,局地的植生,季節,巣を作る個体の数が,作られる巣のタイプに影響していることが示された。これらの要因は,また,営巣行動の地域間の変異の要因となっている可能性がある。ちゃんとした巣は50 日間以上もそれと確認できるが,糞とのセットで確認される巣無しの寝跡は,通常, 4 日間経過するとわからなくなる。したがって, 4 日間を過ぎた泊場の寝跡のカウントは一般に過少評価になり,場合によっては泊場さえ記録できないこともありうる。これらのことから,巣数調査の正確さは,地域,サンプルした場所の植生,そして季節によって変動すると考えられる。
著者
新名主 健一
出版者
鹿児島大学
雑誌
南太平洋海域調査研究報告=Occasional papers (ISSN:13450441)
巻号頁・発行日
no.45, pp.7-10,

平和教育の概念は二つの層に分けてとらえられる.一つは「戦争反対!」のようなスローガンに代表される戦争の回避・防止に関わる教育である. もう一つは「平和でのどかな風景だ」というような状況が,人間の存在を脅かす他の何ものもなく,その状況の構成要因が,あるべき姿を保っているかどうかの検証の教育である. 具体的には政治・経済・社会・環境等が人間の幸せを希求するような教育である.後者は前者の背景をなしている. 本論は以上のような前提の下,長崎大学・琉球大学・鹿児島大学のシラバス等から,鹿児島大学での平和教育の実態を検討し問題点を指摘した. また鹿児島県での平和教育の取り組みを二つの例をあげて検討し問題点を指摘した. 次に論者が国語科教育学を専門とするので,国語科教科書に出てくる「一つの花」「石うすの歌」の平和教材としての妥当性の検討と問題点の指摘を行ったものである.