著者

平松義郎著

出版者

創文社

巻号頁・発行日

1960

著者

Shinichiro Haze Keiko Sakai Yoko Gozu

出版者

The Japanese Pharmacological Society

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology (ISSN:00215198)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.3, pp.247-253, 2002 (Released:2002-11-23)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

77 112

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We investigated the effects of fragrance inhalation on sympathetic activity in normal adult subjects using both power spectral analysis of blood pressure fluctuations and measurement of plasma catecholamine levels. Fragrance inhalation of essential oils, such as pepper oil, estragon oil, fennel oil or grapefruit oil, resulted in 1.5- to 2.5-fold increase in relative sympathetic activity, representing low frequency amplitude of systolic blood pressure (SBP-LF amplitude), compared with inhalation of an odorless solvent, triethyl citrate (P<0.05, each). In contrast, fragrance inhalation of rose oil or patchouli oil caused a 40% decrease in relative sympathetic activity (P<0.01, each). Fragrance inhalation of pepper oil induced a 1.7-fold increase in plasma adrenaline concentration compared with the resting state (P = 0.06), while fragrance inhalation of rose oil caused a 30% decrease in adrenaline concentration (P<0.01). Our results indicate that fragrance inhalation of essential oils may modulate sympathetic activity in normal adults.

著者

小宮 京

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山法学 (ISSN:13481312)

巻号頁・発行日

no.17, pp.103-118, 2011-03

著者

志水 廣

出版者

愛知教育大学

雑誌

愛知教育大学教職キャリアセンター紀要 (ISSN:24240605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.27-33, 2016-03-31

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小学校の児童が算数を学ぶ上で,算数科にかかわる数学言語(算数語彙)について,どの程度正確に理解しているかについて調査した。調査分野は,小学校高学年,「数と計算」の領域について算数教科書に登場する算数の用語・記号とそれらを規定する言語も含めて算数語彙とした。1つの算数語彙に対して5問の選択肢を用意して児童に選択させる問題(2014年版語彙テスト)を開発した。その語彙テストを716名に実施した。その結果,算数語彙に対して理解度の低い問題が見つかった。例えば,語彙「4この2つぶん」の正答率について4年生は21.5%,5年生は25.9%,6年生は22.9%であった。また,「1を4等分した数」の正答率について4年生は33.3%,5年生は34.2%,6年生は34.4%であった。「いくつ分」「等分」という語彙の指導に配慮を要することが分かった。

著者

上野 大輔

出版者

史学研究会 (京都大学大学院文学研究科内)

雑誌

史林 (ISSN:03869369)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.3, pp.390-417, 2010-05

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本稿の課題は、幕末期長州藩における民衆動員と真宗との関係について究明することである。まず、欧米勢力の来航に対する海防に当たり、人々を国家に服従させ、進んで死に赴かせることを重視した村田清風は、そのために真宗を利用することも試みた。一方、月性『仏法護国論』は、蓮如教学の有効性を重視しつつ、国家への服従としての海防に向け門徒を扇動した。文久年間以降、藩内では諸隊の編制が進展し、僧侶を中心とする隊も結成されたが、中でも真宗僧侶の活動は顕著であり、月性門下の僧侶も主導的な役割を果たした。ここでは、来世での極楽往生と共に、現世での「皇国」への患誠を積極的に志向するという、蓮如教学的構造をとった思想が、活動の一基盤をなした。また、欧米勢力や幕府との戦争を通じて民衆動員が進行する中、真宗僧侶による支配安定化・軍事動員のための活動も展開し、かくして真宗は、藩による民衆動員を促進する役割を果たしたのである。

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.10, pp.524-528, 2020-10-01 (Released:2020-10-01)

著者

稲岡 大志

出版者

ミュー

雑誌

フィルカル : philosophy & culture : 分析哲学と文化をつなぐ

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.112-140, 2016-09-30

著者

戸田 隆夫

出版者

東京女子医科大学学会

雑誌

東京女子医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00409022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.1, pp.13-14, 2018-02-25 (Released:2018-03-06)

著者

軍需商会編纂部 著

出版者

軍需商会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第2集, 1908

出版者

川流堂

巻号頁・発行日

1907

著者

井出 弘毅

出版者

アジア文化研究所

雑誌

アジア文化研究所研究年報 = Annual Journal of the Asian Cultures Research Institute (ISSN:18801714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, pp.46(47)-54(39), 2006

著者

本田親二 著

出版者

文昌閣

巻号頁・発行日

1910

著者

川本 慎自

出版者

公益財団法人 史学会

雑誌

史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.112, no.1, pp.59-75, 2003-01-20 (Released:2017-12-01)

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In the late medieval period Japan, Zen temples expanded their shoen (estates) and contracted the management of estates of other temples and nobles.Up to this point, it has been a foregone conclusion that this was a result of individual Zen monks'skill in estate management.However, because estate management by Zen temples is seen extensively throughout the entire Zen Sect, it is essencial to consider not only the contribution of individual Zen monks but also the ways in which the Zen temple organizations participated in estate management.Thereupon, taking note of the "knowledge" transmitted among Zen priests within the Zen temples, the author of the article considers whether or not there was something included in this "knowledge" that was related to estate management skills, then the way in which this "knowledge" was comunicated by monks, and family how it was put into practice and applied to estate management.Unsho Ikkei雲章一慶, a priest of Tofukuji東福寺 temple, gave lectures regarding shingi(清規 regulations of the Zen Sect), and one of his disciples Togen Zuisen桃源瑞仙 recorded them in a book entitled Hajoshingi-sho百丈清規抄.In this work, there is description of shosu (荘主 overseers of Zen temples' estates), who were normally monks.This description is based on an actual case in which Tofukuji temple dismissed in 1444 the shosu of Kambara-go 上原郷 in Bicchu 備中.It shows the ways in which it was neccessary for the shosu to cooperate with shugo 守護 when undertaking estate management.Therefore, this is indicative of the fact that within the knowkedge transmitted among the Zen monks there was indeed something included that pertained toestate management.In those days there were many lectures on Confucial learning given at Zen temples, includings the lectures on Hajoshingi by Unsho Ikkei.In addition to Zen priests, court officials like Kiyohara Naritada 清原業忠, known as a master of Confucian learning, attended these lectures.As a result, they were able to exchange not only Confucian knowledge but also such practical knowledge as estate management skills.For ezample, the Zen monks who attended the Confucian lectures by Unsho Ikkei collaborated with Nakahara Yasutomi 中原康富, who was a court offical and a student of Kiyohara Naritada, in the administration of the latter's estate.The author concluded that Zen temples were able to ezpand their estate management activites because they had a system in which Zen priests learned practical knowledge was result of the interchange between the Zen monks and court officials.

著者

金城 優美 崎原 徹裕 川満 豊 国島 知子

出版者

一般社団法人日本小児アレルギー学会

雑誌

日本小児アレルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09142649)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.351-358, 2020-08-05 (Released:2020-08-20)

参考文献数

20

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【背景】卵白感作陽性の乳児に対する鶏卵の早期導入法は定まっていない.導入前のスクリーニング経口負荷試験(OFC)や導入後の自宅摂取の安全性について前方視的に検討した.【方法】生後6か月で卵白感作陽性の鶏卵未摂取例に対し加熱全卵0.2g OFC(1st OFC)を行った.1st OFC陰性例に対し加熱全卵0.2gの摂取を開始,生後9~11か月に卵白1/4個OFC(2nd OFC)を行った.各OFC結果と自宅摂取の安全性を評価した.【結果】1st OFC陽性は15/63例(23.8%)で,陰性48例中42例が自宅摂取を開始し1例が中途脱落した.8/41例(19.5%)に自宅摂取で軽微な皮膚症状を認めた.2nd OFC陽性は4/41例(9.8%)であった.各OFC陽性例は陰性例と比較しオボムコイドsIgE値が高かった.【結論】卵白感作陽性の乳児への加熱全卵0.2g OFCは陽性割合が高く,陰性例でも一部に自宅摂取中に軽微な症状を認めた.感作陽性児ではより安全な導入法の検討が必要である.

著者

石川 良子

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, pp.25-46, 2006-12-10 (Released:2011-03-18)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

2 1

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The purpose of this paper is to describe and interpret interviews with persons who regard themselves as “hikikomori, ” and to point out the negative effects, especially for such individuals, caused by the confusion of the concepts of “hikikomori” with “NEETs.”“Hikikomori, ” which refers to youth in a state of social withdrawal, has been noted since the latter half of the 1990s in Japan. In recent years, the concept of “NEETs” has also come to attract attention. “NEETs” refers to young people who are “not in education, employment, or training.” The concept of “hikikomori” has been partly incorporated into discussions about “NEETs, ” and it is commonly said that the two can be discussed in the same context. Moreover, some organizations dealing with “hikikomori” have started to support “NEETs.” However the understanding of “hikikomori” that has accumulated may be distorted by the confusion between the two concepts.Moreover, this confusion has a direct effect on individuals who consider themselves to be “hikikomori.” Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish the two concepts. Based on this perspective, the author describes and interprets interviews with such individuals, and points out the problems of providing support for “hikikomori” sufferers within the concept of “NEETs”.The interviewed revealed the following facts. People who consider themselves to be “hikikomori” see themselves as inferior and withdraw from relationships with others because though they have difficulty working, they worry excessively that “working is the natural state for an adult.” Their self-esteem cannot be restored immediately even if they participate in a self-help group. Informants re-construct stories about themselves and their lives and come to see the norm of life-courses in relative terms, and regain self-esteem from this. However, this can lead to a decline in their motivation to start working. Moreover, informants cannot overcome their distrust and fear of society. Therefore, sufferers of “hikikomori” seek a new way of life as they again ask themselves various questions, such as, “why must we work?” “What do I want to do?” “Who am I?” and so on. As they think through these questions, they resolve to make a fresh start.This process of struggle is in essence the process of recovery from “hikikomori.” Current measures for “NEETs, ” are based on the idea that it is more important to start working than to think too much about the meaning of working. However, individuals suffering from “hikikomori” have regained their self-esteem by asking the various questions concerning working and their own lives. Therefore, it is likely that the confusion of the two concepts will not only deprive people suffering from “hikikomori” of the opportunity for recovery but will also lead them to abandon their own efforts voluntarily.

著者

吉田 康孝

巻号頁・発行日

2017-03-23

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北海道大学. 博士(工学)

著者

『薬学図書館』編集委員会

出版者

日本薬学図書館協議会

雑誌

薬学図書館 (ISSN:03862062)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.148-165, 2008

著者

河本 毬馨 辻 慶太

出版者

三田図書館・情報学会

雑誌

Library and information science (ISSN:03734447)

巻号頁・発行日

no.79, pp.85-107, 2018

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【目的】近年, 米国では "library as place (場所としての図書館)"という概念が広まり, 利用者が長時間滞在しやすいよう飲食を許す図書館が現れている。一方, 日本の多くの図書館では, 従来館内飲食は許されないと言われてきた。だが, 日本の館内飲食の現状や飲食許可による効果などは明らかにされていない。そこで本研究では, (1) 日本の図書館における現在の飲食方針, (2) 飲食による図書館資料への影響, (3) 図書館利用者の館内飲食に対する反応, (4) 図書館員の館内飲食に対する意見, (5) 館内飲食許可の前後における図書館利用量の変化, を明らかにする。【方法】本研究では, (a) アンケート調査, (b) 図書館利用量分析, を行った。(a) アンケートは無作為抽出した公共・大学図書館各500館に2015年5~7月に送付し, それぞれ356館, 329館から回答を得た。(b) 図書館利用量分析では『日本の図書館 : 統計と名簿』から入手した来館者数, 個人貸出総数, 参考業務受付件数が, 飲食を許した年の前後2年間ずつでどのような増加率を示しているかを調べた。【結果】調査の結果, 公共図書館の56.2%, 大学図書館の62.3%が飲み物または食べ物の利用を許していることが明らかとなった。また, 館内飲食に付随する問題として取り上げられる資料への汚れに関しては, 飲食を許した後に汚れが「目立つ」「少し目立つ」と回答した公共図書館は4.0%, 大学図書館は14.6%と比較的低い割合であることがわかった。さらに, 飲み物を許した公共図書館の来館者数の増加率の平均値は+65.7%であり, 全国の平均値+8.6%より有意水準0.05 で高いことや, 食べ物を許した公共図書館の個人貸出総数の増加率の中央値は+56.5%であり, 全国の中央値+4.1%より有意水準0.01 で高いことなども示された。因果関係の証明などは難しいものの, 飲食許可後は来館者数や個人貸出総数が増加する傾向があり, 館内飲食は図書館利用量向上に有効なサービスである可能性が示された。Purpose : While more libraries in the United States are starting to allow food and drinks as a result of the rise of the "library as place" theme, the changing policies on food and drinks in Japanese libraries have not been studied. Therefore, we investigated Japanese libraries' food and drink policies and their effect on library materials, as well as user reactions, librarians' opinions of the policies, and changes in library usage after the introduction of the policies.Methods : In 2015, we sent questionnaires to 1,000 libraries (500 public and 500 university), of which 356 public and 329 university libraries responded. We also investigated library usage (gate counts, loans, and reference transactions) both before and after the introduction of policies that allow food and drinks, and found that the numbers consistently increased after the policies were put in place.Results : The results show that 56.2% of public and 62.3% of university libraries allow food and drinks. Only 4.0% of public and 14.6% of university libraries reported that these policies resultedin noticeable stains on library materials. The gate count for all public libraries, including those that did not allow food and drinks, increased by an average of 8.6%, while that for public libraries allowing food and drinks increased by 65.7%. Public libraries that allowed food and drinks saw a median 56.5% increase in the number of library loans. Therefore, allowing food and drinks may have positive effects on library usage.原著論文

著者

永嶋 信二郎

出版者

学校法人白百合学園 仙台白百合女子大学

雑誌

仙台白百合女子大学紀要 (ISSN:13427350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.49-59, 2016-03-01 (Released:2018-07-20)

著者

古賀 光生

出版者

JAPANESE POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION

雑誌

年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2_246-2_268, 2009 (Released:2013-02-07)

参考文献数

31

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Clientelism affects strategies of extreme right-wing parties (ERPs) in Western Europe. In 1990s, more and more people criticized clientelisitic exchanges than before. Some ERPs could find ‘niche’ in electoral market where voters who disliked mainstream parties because of clientelism existed. But how ERPs mobilized was very different between parties. This article compares electoral market in three European countries where clientelism widely spread and analyzes how clietelism affected ERPs’ strategies. In Belgium, clietelism had endurance in spite of critics. In Italy, clientelism so suddenly broke down, that ERPs must change their strategies. In Austria, mainstream parties gradually privatized nation-owned industries which were major resources of clientelism. These differences influenced electoral market which ERPs could get into. With this comparison, we can see how ERPs adjust themselves to the ‘niche’ in electoral market, and why some parties like Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ) could formed the electoral coalition between “modernization losers” and “social climbers”.