著者

夏目 賢一

出版者

東京大学教養学部哲学・科学史部会

雑誌

哲学・科学史論叢 (ISSN:13446185)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.137-172, 2003-01-31

著者

西條 玲奈

出版者

京都大学哲学論叢刊行会

雑誌

哲学論叢 (ISSN:0914143X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.別冊, pp.S73-S84, 2011

著者

吉田 善哉

出版者

京都大学文学部科学哲学科学史研究室

雑誌

科学哲学科学史研究 (ISSN:18839177)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.42-63, 2014-03-31

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Since the late 20th century, studies on evolution and on development have interacted with each other and have made a significant success in biological research. This interaction between evolution and development has often been called evolutionary developmental biology, for short, "evo-devo". Moreover, some biologists suggest a newer framework called ecological evolutionary developmental biology, for short, "eco-evo-devo", which attempts to reveal mechanisms by which environmental factors help to construct variation, and is said to be the sign of "a new and more inclusive evolutionary theory". This article examines the relationship between eco-evo-devo and evo-devo. Although evo-devo has concentrated on developmental genetic approaches in its middle stage, it was originally more diverse in terms of its approaches in its early development and contained many concepts and approaches, including ecological and environmental ones emphasized in eco-evo-devo. Thus it is more reasonable to regard eco-evo-devo as a part of evo-devo in which the emphasis is shifting from studies in laboratories to studies taking environmental factors into account.

著者

渡辺 洋平

出版者

京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科

雑誌

人間・環境学 (ISSN:09182829)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.39-49, 2011-12-20

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ドゥルーズは『差異と反復』(1968)において,「現代哲学の任務は「プラトニスムの転倒」と定義された」と書いた.この言葉は取りも直さず,自らの哲学がプラトニスムを転倒させるものであるという宣言に等しい.そこでドゥルーズが目指したのは,プラトンにとっては排除すべき対象だった「シミュラクル」と呼ばれる存在を復権することであった.しかしこの「転倒」は,より広範な意義を持っているように思われる.本論文では「プラトニスムの転倒」という主題を,シミュラクルから解放することで,より広範な領域へと開くことを試みる.ドゥルーズにとって,プラトニスムとはイデアという超越的な基準により,この世界に善悪を作り出す思想である.「プラトニスムの転倒」とは,こうした超越的な体制から内在的な体制への移行であり,そこでは,道徳とは異なるものとしての倫理的なあり方が目指されることになる.そしてこの移行は,あいだの問題,共同体の問題を通じて,自然との新たな共生へ,さらには世界の新たな形成へと向かっているのである.

著者

松元 雅和

出版者

日本平和学会

雑誌

平和研究 (ISSN:24361054)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, pp.1-24, 2023-09-07 (Released:2023-09-16)

参考文献数

41

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This study considers political philosophy as a normative inquiry and examines how the topic of peace can be approached. Political philosophy, particularly theories of justice, is a normative study that deals with the “ought” in the world, in contrast to empirical studies that consider the empirical aspects of the world. Approaches to this question can be divided into two subfields: ideal and non-ideal theories. In the international community, non-ideal theories have been considered as the primary issue in confronting a non-ideal state of affairs, such as the use of force. One such theory is the just war tradition. A controversy between utopianism and realism over the idealization level to be employed in normative studies exists even within this theoretical framework. Political philosophy includes aspects that dare to uphold unrealistic utopias. The possible agendas of peace studies that can be interpreted as extensions of these aspects include opportunity-cost pacifism, justice in the abolition of war, and the theory of world integration.

著者

長谷 正人

出版者

早稲田大学大学院文学研究科

雑誌

早稲田大学大学院文学研究科紀要. 第1分冊, 哲学東洋哲学心理学社会学教育学 = Bulletin of the Graduate Division of Letters, Arts and Sciences of Waseda University. I, Philosophy, oriental philosophy, psychology, sociology, education (ISSN:13417517)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.83-96, 2004

著者

佐藤 和夫

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1976, no.26, pp.163-172, 1976-05-01 (Released:2009-07-23)

著者

大塚 淳

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.29-41, 2007-07-30 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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Much of the controversy of function revolves around two concepts, namely selected effect (SE) function and causal role (CR) function. Each of these proposals and its reciprocal critiques are examined, and it is shown that each concept embodies two different research strategies in biology, one the search for adaptation (SE function) and the other the reduction of biological phenomena (CR function). But this conceptual difference does not entail a separation in scientific practice. The proper attribution of SE function to a trait requires careful analysis of CR function in its developmental origin -- this is the idea of developmental modularity. It turns out that the ideal condition for developmental CR function analysis (i.e. near decomposability) also facilitates the mosaic evolution of -- and thus the attribution of SE function to -- organismal characters.

著者

吉谷 啓次

出版者

北海道大學文學部

雑誌

北海道大學文學部紀要 (ISSN:04376668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.189-214, 1992-10-27

著者

佐良土 茂樹

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.131-144, 2018 (Released:2019-04-01)

参考文献数

41

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The purpose of this paper is to describe the happiness of coaches from the standpoint of Aristotle’s ethics. Even though the happiness of coaches is obviously very important for their activities and in their life, it seems that this topic has not yet been fully paid attention.For that purpose, I will (2) outline the concept and meaning of Aristotle’s happiness (εὐδαιμονία) from his ethical literature Nicomachean Ethics, (3) make a supplementary statement on his happiness comparing to “happiness” in English and “kōfuku” in Japanese, (4) define what is coach and its function, (5) describe the happiness of coaches based on the previous argument for the conclusion, and go on to (6) demonstrate that the happiness of coaches is based on the framework of Aristotle’s ethics. I will also demonstrate the reason “winning,” “honor,” “sacrificing oneself for the team,” and “pleasure” can’t be identified as Aristotle’s sense of happiness.As a result, it will be shown that the good function of coaches resides in developing and realizing the excellence of players and team, and the happiness of coaches resides in fully realizing their excellence as their goodness of function. Therefore we can safely say that the happiness of coaches is not something independent from the happiness of players but coordinating with it in a sense coaches develop and realize the excellence of players in the practice and game.

著者

寺嶋 雅彦

出版者

日仏哲学会

雑誌

フランス哲学・思想研究 (ISSN:13431773)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.94-108, 2022-09-01 (Released:2022-10-01)

著者

児玉 聡 藤田 祐 久野 真隆

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.93-100, 2021-03-15 (Released:2022-04-19)

参考文献数

40

著者

佐藤 啓介

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.29-43, 2019-03-30 (Released:2019-05-22)

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Empirically, we say of the “Dignity of the dead”, which corresponds to the dignity of human being. On the other hand, theoretically, we don’t understand why and to what degree the dead should have the dignity. This article intends to found this reason and construct the foundation for the general ethics of the dead. The strategy in this article would be called “ethics of the dead from below”, which contrasts with “one from above” that emphasizes the Otherness of the dead and distance between the dead and us. There are two difficulties in admitting the dignity of the dead; the dead is the non-being who cannot suffer; we cannot affect and recover the way of being of the dead. But, recent philosophical investigations on the harm of death are solving the first difficulty by thinking that the dead can have ontological status in the symbolic or discursive levels. The second difficulty is solving by Ichinose’s thought how we would be harrowed by causal absence of the dead. These philosophical efforts would contribute to the universal and formal foundation for the ethics of the dead.

著者

岡田 正彦

出版者

東洋大学井上円了研究センター

雑誌

井上円了センタ一年報 = Annual Report of the Inoue Enryo Center (ISSN:13427628)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.111-132, 2023-03

著者

芳賀 健治

出版者

Japan Society for the Philosophy of Sport and Physical Education

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.43-61, 1990 (Released:2010-04-30)

著者

三浦 俊彦

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.69-81, 2002-11-10 (Released:2009-12-07)

参考文献数

18

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The question "How can I be a?" ("a" being a proper name) has been recently referred to as "The Harder Problem of Consciousness", which would remain mysterious even after "The Hard Problem" about how subjective experiences arise is solved. Since both the indexical "I" and an exemplifying name "a" are ambiguous in their references, a formal analysis is required. Then, it turns out that any disambiguated version of "Harder Problem" is logically reduced to "The Hard Problem" or its special case "How can there be a?". There is no "Harder Problem" with its additional philosophical value. This is simply a matter of logic, independent of any ontology on whether metaphysical self exists or not.

著者

石田 安実

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.32, 2016 (Released:2018-05-07)

著者

北岡 元

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.8, pp.583-588, 2017-11-01 (Released:2017-11-01)

参考文献数

6

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インターネットという情報の巨大な伝送装置を得,おびただしい量の情報に囲まれることになった現代。実体をもつものの価値や実在するもの同士の交流のありようにも,これまで世界が経験したことのない変化が訪れている。本連載では哲学,デジタル・デバイド,サイバーフィジカルなどの諸観点からこのテーマをとらえることを試みたい。「情報」の本質を再定義し,情報を送ることや受けることの意味,情報を伝える「言葉」の役割や受け手としてのリテラシーについて再考する。第6回は,インフォメーションからインテリジェンスをつくり出すための「分析」に的を絞り,分析が失敗する原因にも着眼しながら,広がりゆくインテリジェンス研究の実際を追う。

著者

蔡 明哲

出版者

素粒子論グループ 素粒子論研究 編集部

雑誌

素粒子論研究 (ISSN:03711838)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.114-125, 1992-05-20 (Released:2017-10-02)

著者

関 修

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.33-47, 1997

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1. Medical Philosophy, Ethics and Problems of Homosexuality. The various concepts of sexuality were invented by psychopathology in the late 19th Century. In the DSM-III-R of 1987, homosexuality suddenly became normal from abnormal. However transgender remains an illness, as it was before. It is only a political problem. Another important problem is about AIDS. In Japan, there is discrimination between AIDS caused by medicine and AIDS caused by other factors. 2. Homosexuality as Thought : Situation of modern French Thought. In France, The "May Revolution" of 1968 caused the foundation of a new university : Paris 8th (Vancennes). One of its founders, Rene Scherer began his first lecture on sexuality in the faculty of Philosophy. His partner, Guy Hocquenghem, founded FHAR. Recently, Red and Black-Homosexuals in France after 1968 by F.Martel was published. However, Prof. Scherer has told me it is a defective book. 3. Thought of G. Hocquenghem : concerning homosexual desire. The originality of Hocquenghem's thought seems to lie in his idea of forming "a group of subjects" through the anus. The creation of relations among others by anality stands against ideas of couples. Being homosexual is not a means to attain self-identification, but a means to be out of self, to become a foreigner. It is also an escape to an infinite drifting from a stiff identity. 4. The Voice of M. Foucault : Homosexuality as a form of existence. Foucault's thought about homosexuality summarizes two points. First, to be homosexual is not correct ; to become homosexual is correct. He takes "gay" to create a new form of existence. Therefore, he does not think coming-out to be inevitable. Secondly, his problem is to begin to love among individuals. It means that "I" is more essential than sexuality. Here there seems to be fascination for passivity. 5. Conclusion : In Japan, they say "gay" is already out of fashion : now "queer" replaces it. However, such nomenclature is only a matter of fashion. To my regret, regular studies on gayness or queerness are not carried out in Japan. Now, it is necessary to study homosexuality as thought. That means to meet various thoughts not only to introduce and imitate them but to get involved in them : to have a mind of "hospitality". That is a critically needed task in Japan.