著者
菅原 渉 河野 澄夫 太田 英明
出版者
japan association of food preservation scientists
雑誌
日本食品低温保蔵学会誌 (ISSN:09147675)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.1, pp.3-9, 1987-03-20 (Released:2011-05-20)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
1 2

生栗の6カ月以上の長期貯蔵を目的に低温貯蔵試験を行った。1. 1℃ポリエチレン包装区は, カビ・萌芽等の不良果の発生が6カ月貯蔵でも6%と少なかった。一方, 5℃以上の貯蔵区は不良果の発生が甚しく, 5℃貯蔵でも3~4カ月が貯蔵限界であった。2. 貯蔵中, シヨ糖含量の増加と澱粉含量の減少が認められた。この現象は低温貯蔵区ほど著しかった。このショ糖含量の増加により官能評価において高い評点が得られた。3. 総フェノール含量, 硬度, 色調, 官能評価等の測定項目においても, 1℃区 (PE) での貯蔵中変化は, 5℃以上の貯蔵区に比べ際立って少なかった。以上より, 1℃, PE貯蔵により6カ月以上の長期貯蔵が可能であると考えられると同時に, 貯蔵に伴うシヨ糖含量の増加による甘味の改善という副次的効果が確認された。
著者
石田 順一
出版者
一般社団法人映像情報メディア学会
雑誌
テレビジョン学会誌 (ISSN:03866831)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.2, pp.134-141, 1985

テレビ放送局の局内設備や放送には, NTSCコンポジット信号方式が用いられているが, 最近になって衛星放送用としてTCI, MACなどと呼ばれるアナログコンポーネント信号方式が話題にのぼるようになった.また, 局内設備にこの方式を導入することも提案されている.ここではアナログコンポーネント方式が導入されるようななった経緯, その特徴などについて解説する.
著者
森本 裕子 渡部 幹 楠見 孝
出版者
日本社会心理学会
雑誌
社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.2, pp.108-119, 2008-11-30 (Released:2017-02-10)

We investigated how differently people punish a free-rider in three experiments. Experiment 1 was conducted to examine how individual levels of trust and self-fairness influence their punishing behavior in a 5-person social dilemma. The results showed that trustful and unfair people, as well as distrustful and fair people, punish a free-rider more. To account for these results, we carried out a vignette-type study in Experiment 2, in which participants rated how likely they were to engage in a variety of punishing behaviors that typically happen in the real world. A factor analysis indicated that people usually assign two different types of meanings to punishing behaviors. One is "Vengeance," which unfair people, regardless of their levels of trust, tend to inflict; the other is "Warning," which tends to be favored by fair people. The results of Experiment 3, another vignette study, showed that observers also consider Vengeance as unfair and Warning fair. These findings imply that participants assigned one of the two meanings to their punishments in Experiment 1 depending on their levels of trust.
著者
弓削田 綾乃
出版者
日本スポーツ人類学会
雑誌
スポーツ人類學研究 (ISSN:13454358)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2008, no.10, pp.10-58, 2009

The purpose of this research is to explain the structure of the physical movements of the traditional dance &ldquo;<I>Hotoke-mai</I>&rdquo; in Japan, where the Buddha appears. I also examine the dramatics and stage effects with the idea of Raigo, where Bodhisattvas appear and lead the people into the paradise.<BR>I have analyzed <I>Hotoke-mai</I> by watching the movements on video, researching many dancing books, guidance documents and the support base of festivals. I chose to study the dance in the following temples and a shrine : Matsunoo temple in Maizuru city, Kyoto Prefecture, Itosaki temple in Fukui city, Fukui Prefecture and Oguni shrine in Mori town, Syuchi-gun, Shizuoka Prefecture.<BR>I have analyzed their movements from the following viewpoints. I. Moving sequences, poses and patterns during the routine. 2. The percentages of movements and poses. 3. The line of physical movements on the moving sequences. 4. The formation of the dancer's hands. 5. The formation changes of all the dancers. 6. The dynamics of the music frequencies and the movements.<BR>The results of the three <I>Hotoke-mai</I> studied are as follows.<BR>As for the festival of Matsunoo, which celebrates the birth of <I>Shaka-Nyorai</I>-identical with the Buddha-, the key word concerned with &ldquo;death&rdquo; is extracted. They make hand formations that means, <I>Amida-Nyorai</I>-who preaches the teachings-leading into the paradise. As for the change where 6 dancers point in 8 different directions, it suggest the symbol of 8 leafs Mandala with <I>Dainichi-Nyorai</I>-who preaches the truth through all creation-staying in the center. In other words, Buddhas who appeared for Hotoke-mai are the embodiment of the doctrine.<BR>In Itosaki, there is an old legend. People found a sculpture of the thousand armed <I>Kannon</I> in the sea, and it was niched in the temple. Then, some Bodhisa ttvas-identical to Buddhas who seek to save all living beings-and celestial maidens appeared and danced in the sky. The bounding steps of the dance and the formation that slowly turns clockwise, express floatingness in the sky. It expresses the force running through the sky and the joy of the 8 dancers that are gathered in the center.<BR><I>Hotoke-mai</I> of Oguni is one of 12 Bugaku in the shrine festival. The first half are the sacred dances of &ldquo;God's children&rdquo;, the latter half are the civil dances of the adult men. <I>Hotoke-mai</I> is one of the sacred dances. It includes, the poses that are metaphors of sex organs, the movements that point at the heaven and earth, the formation of the left turn, the going straight and returning back to the formation, and the gold and silver disk adornments.<BR>The structures that are common to the three <I>Hotoke-mai</I> are the following points.<BR>The dancers do some movements that expression the Buddha's World. They express the Buddha's symbolic figures with their hands and the sacred centripetal force with their formation. And, it shows the audience the ways in which dancers walk into the stage from the dressing room, that is known as the religious action of &ldquo;<I>Gyo-do</I>&rdquo;.<BR>Performing the above, a scene of &ldquo;Buddhas appear on the stage, they dance and then leave&rdquo;. This is the same as the belief of <I>Raigo</I>, where various Buddhas go to and from the paradise and the human world. I consider the above the productions an extraordinary encounter of Buddhas and humans by portrayed by dancers, where by human bodies are a medium to setup the stage for an amazing festival.
著者
柴垣 和夫
出版者
経済理論学会
雑誌
季刊経済理論 (ISSN:18825184)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.3, pp.32-43, 2014-10-20 (Released:2017-04-25)

A new feature of economic policy in advanced capitalist countries since Lehman Shock in 2008 is both of Keynesian and neo-liberalist policies have been carried out simultaneously. We can find a typical example in so called Abenomics in Japan, which are consisted of "three arrows", aggressive monetary easing, massive fiscal stimulus, and structural reforms. The second is a typical Keynesian policy and the third is almost neo-liberalist one related to economic deregulations. The first arrow looks like neo-liberalist policy following to the quantity theory of money apparently, but we can estimate it as a modified Keynesian policy because it was explained by the Governor of the Bank of Japan that monetary easing was introduced to change expectation of market participants from deflation to inflation. The aim of this paper is to examine the historical background and meaning of such a phenomenon of nowadays' economic policy especially about the cyclical adjustment policy. As for the historical background, the first phase was appeared in the 1930s after the great depression. Keynesian fiscal policy such as Takahashi-Zaisei in Japan or New Deal in the US was in operation. Although these policies made a certain success in economic recovery, the precedence of the domestic equilibrium over the international one brought about severe economic and political frictions among imperial powers. The second phase was shown in the 1950〜60s. Being added monetary policy to fiscal policy, Keynesian cyclical adjustment had improved greatly. The policy-mix of fiscal and monetary policies enabled to avoid the economic crisis from business cycle. However, under the collapse of the original IMF system by the suspension of exchange between US dollar and gold in 1971, inflation rate had increased rapidly. With two events, the transition to the floating exchange rate system from the fixed one and the first Oil Crisis in 1973, advanced capitalist countries were attacked violent stagflation with double figures inflation and minus growth rate. This was the signal of the end of Keynesian's period. Failing to find any new policy to overcome stagflation, capitalist recalled the old-fashioned means of economic power based on market. It was called neo-liberalist policy, which is carried out first in UK(Thatcherism) and US (Reaganomics). Under neo-liberalist regime, the structure of the world economy has been changed dramatically accompanied with the end of the cold war, Chinese economic reform and the innovation of information & communication technologies. Passing through the transition period of the 1980s, financial and industrial globalizations have progressed under the initiative of the US in the 1990〜2000s. Financial globalization brought about crises in both of exchange and financial markets frequently. Industrial globalization promoted rapid industrialization of rising countries such as BRICs on one hand, on the other hand promoted deindustrialization of advanced capitalist countries. As a result, working conditions of laborers in advanced countries became worse and the capitalist power to control laborers was strengthened. The third phase under neo-liberalist policy was characterized by coexistence of uneasiness of financial market and stabilized capital-labor relations in industrial sectors. The conclusion of this phase, however, was the Lehman Shock as I noticed at the beginning. According to the examination above, we may conclude that there is no policy to adjust business cycle completely. Coexistence of Keynesian & neo-liberalist policy might be the confession of this fact by capitalism itself.
著者
井上 豊志郎
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.1, pp.59-66, 1997-02-25 (Released:2009-09-15)
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
11 13

極軌道衛星NOAAに搭載されているSplit Wiondowを用いて、西太平洋における昼と夜での雲型別雲量のちがいについて調査した。Split Windowでは氷晶で構成されている光学的に薄い巻雲型の雲と光学的に厚い積雲型の雲を分類することができる。この研究では光学的に薄い巻雲型の雲はさらに輝度温度で温かい巻雲型と冷たい巻雲型の2つに、また光学的に厚い積雲型の雲も輝度温度で積乱雲型と下層の積雲/層積雲型の2つに分類した。ISCCPの解析結果との比較から温かい巻雲型、冷たい巻雲型、下層の積雲/層積雲型と積乱雲型の光学的厚さの平均値はそれぞれ2.2,7.4,15.3および33.7であることが分かった。Split Windowで分類される雲型別雲量の昼と夜のちがいを、個々の対流システムとしての台風についてと、熱帯海洋域での緯・経度20°×30°の広い領域について調査した。積乱雲型、温かい巻雲型および下層の積雲/層積雲型の雲量は地方時2:30頃の夜間に多い傾向を示した。それに対し、冷たい巻雲型の雲量は地方時14:30頃の昼間に多い傾向を示すことが分かった。
著者
清水 昭俊 Akitoshi Shimizu
出版者
国立民族学博物館
雑誌
国立民族学博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology (ISSN:0385180X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.3, pp.543-634, 1999-03-15

マリノフスキーは,「参与観察」の調査法を導入した,人類学史上もっとも著名な人物である。その反面,彼は理論的影響で無力であり,ラドクリフ=ブラウンに及びえなかった。イギリス社会人類学の二人の建設者を相補的な姿で描くこの歴史叙述は,広く受け入れられている。しかし,それは決して公平で正当な認識ではない。マリノフスキーがイギリス時代最後の10年間に行ったもっとも重要な研究プロジェクトを無視しているからだ。この論文で私は,アフリカ植民地における文化接触に関する彼の実用的人類学のプロジェクトを考察し,忘却の中から未知のマリノフスキーをよみがえらせてみたい。マリノフスキーは大規模なアフリカ・プロジェクトを主宰し,人類学を古物趣味から厳格な経験科学に変革しようとした。植民地の文化状況に関して統治政府に有用な現実的知識を提供する能力のある人類学への変革である。このプロジェクトは,帝国主義,植民地主義との共犯関係にある人類学のもっとも悪しき実例として,悪名高いものであるが,現実には,彼の同時代人でマリノフスキーほど厳しく植民地統治を批判した人類学者はいなかった。彼の弟子との論争を分析することによって,私は,アフリカ植民地の文化接触について人類学者が観察すべき事象とその方法に関する,マリノフスキーの思考を再構成する。1980年代に行われたポストモダン人類学批判を,おおくの点で彼がすでに提示し,かつ乗りこえていたことを示すつもりである。ラドクリフ=ブラウンの構造機能主義は,この新しい観点から見れぽ,旧弊な古物趣味への回帰だったが,構造機能主義者は人類学史を一貫した発展の歴史と描くために,マリノフスキーのプロジェクトの記憶を消去した。戦間期および戦後期初めの時期におけるマリノフスキーの影響の盛衰を跡づけよう。
著者
網本 昭輝
出版者
公益社団法人 日本獣医師会
雑誌
日本獣医師会雑誌 (ISSN:04466454)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.9, pp.666-668, 1987

上顎のくちばしを根元から喪失したセキセイインコに, 人工くちばしを応用し, 好結果を得た. 患鳥は元気食欲がなく, 補助給餌や強制給餌を行ったが6日経ってもまったく自分で採食できなかった. そこで, アクリル板で人工くちばしを作製し装着したところ, その直後から少しずつ採食できるようになった. しかし, 13日目でそのくちばしは脱落し再び採食ができなくなり, 2回目の人工くちばし (歯科用レジン歯で作製) を装着した. 2回目の人工くちばしはその後7日で脱落したが, その時には上顎のくちばしがわずかに伸長して少し採食できるようになっていたので, その後は補助給餌を行っただけで順調な回復がみられた. 人工くちばしの装着は, くちばしを喪失したセキセイインコに対して有効な治療法の一つであると思われるので, その概要を報告する.