著者

深畑 幸俊

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.Supplement, pp.103-113, 2009-07-31 (Released:2013-11-21)

参考文献数

64

被引用文献数

2 7

---

Inversion analyses play a central role in solid earth sciences, since observable quantities are very limited for the earth’s interior. Classical least squares method does not work well in these fields, since observed data are commonly inaccurate and/or insufficient. Least squares methods with additional conditions, such as damping or smoothing, have been widely used, but the weight of damping or smoothing have to be manually adjusted, if we do not take in a probabilistic point of view. In 1980, H. Akaike proposed a Bayesian Information Criterion (ABIC), where smoothness constraint is regarded as prior information that is combined with information from observed data by Bayes’ rule, and then the optimal weight between the information from observed data and prior constraint is objectively determined by minimizing ABIC. ABIC had been introduced to geophysics by several studies. Among them, Yabuki and Matsu’urea (1992) has been the most influential. The inverse method developed by them has been widely applied to various problems in seismology and geodesy. Recently, it has become clear that the inverse method must be further developed beyond the framework given by Yabuki and Matsu’ura (1992). Generalization has been performed in dealing with prior constraints, hyperparameters, and observed data.

著者

Sridhara NAYAK 竹見 哲也

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.6, pp.1147-1162, 2020 (Released:2020-12-12)

参考文献数

59

被引用文献数

12

---

極端降水の振る舞いを説明する上でのクラウジウス-クラペイロン(CC)スケーリングの有用性について、現在気候および疑似地球温暖化(PGW)条件で調べた。日本で発生した最近の2つの極端降水イベント、すなわち2017年7月5~6日の九州北部での豪雨および2018年7月5~8日の四国での豪雨を対象として、格子解像度1 kmでの領域気象シミュレーションにより解析した。数値シミュレーションにはWeather Research and Forecasting(WRF)モデルを用い、モデルデータは1時間間隔で格子点毎の値として出力し、解析に用いた。極端に強い降水の発生頻度とその強度は、時間雨量強度で評価すると、2つのイベントともに、PGW条件下で増大する。極端に強い降水(> 50 mm h-1)は、現在気候条件では気温22℃に上がるまでCCスケーリングにしたがい、PGW条件では24℃の気温に上がるまでCCスケーリングにしたがう。降水と気温の関係において、極端降水のピーク強度は、現在気候条件では25℃で約140 mm h-1であり、一方、PGW条件では 27℃で約160 mm h-1となる。極端降水の気温に対する増加率は、現在気候条件では約3% ℃-1であり、PGW条件では約3.5% ℃-1であることが分かった。将来の温暖化気候におけるピーク降水強度の増加と気温に対する降水量の増加率は、気温減率の減少にもかかわらず、大気中の水蒸気および不安定エネルギーが増加することに起因する。著者の知る限りでは、本研究の結果は、事例解析ではあるものの、極端降水に対するCCスケーリングについて定量的に調べた最初の取り組みであると言える。

著者

Sachie Kanada Hidenori Aiki Kazuhisa Tsuboki Izuru Takayabu

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17A-003, (Released:2020-12-16)

被引用文献数

8

---

Numerical experiments on Typhoon Trami (2018) using a regional 1-km-mesh three-dimensional atmosphere–ocean coupled model in current and pseudo-global warming (PGW) climates were conducted to investigate future changes of a slow-moving intense typhoon under the warming climate. Over the warmer sea in the PGW climate, the maximum near-surface wind speed rapidly increased around the large eye of the simulated Trami. The stronger winds in the PGW simulation versus the current simulation caused a 1.5-fold larger decrease of sea surface temperature (SST) in the storm core-region. In the PGW climate, near-surface air temperature increased by 3.1°C. A large SST decrease due to ocean upwelling caused downward heat fluxes from the atmosphere to the ocean. The magnitude of the SST decrease depended strongly on initial ocean conditions. Consideration of the SST decrease induced by an intense typhoon, and a slow-moving storm in particular, indicated that such a typhoon would not always become more intense under the warmer climate conditions. An atmosphere–ocean coupled model should facilitate making more reliable projections of typhoon intensities in a warming climate.

著者

今井 照

出版者

公益財団法人 地方自治総合研究所

雑誌

自治総研 (ISSN:09102744)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.501, pp.1-44, 2020 (Released:2020-12-02)

著者

Seiji Umemoto Uran Onaka Reo Kawano Atsuko Kawamura Sayaka Motoi Naoki Honda Hiroki Kanazashi Makoto Mitarai for the J-DASH Diet Study Group

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.57802, (Released:2020-12-09)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

8

---

Aim: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is recommended for lowering blood pressure (BP). Our previous single-arm trial revealed that the Japanese cuisine-based DASH (J-DASH) diet (supplying NaCl 8.0 g per day) reduced BP and improved cardiometabolic biomarkers. The present study's primary objective was to test the feasibility of the J-DASH diet based on its effects on the BP and BP variability of subjects with untreated high-normal BP or stage 1 hypertension. Methods: The 6-month study period was held from December 2015 to August 2016. The participants were recruited through advertisements in local newspapers and our website and from among randomized participants at Yamaguchi University Hospital. The 2-month treatments included the following: the J-DASH-1 diet 1×/day or the J-DASH-2 diet providing a fish hamburger-patty 2×/day (5 days/week respectively). The control group consumed their usual diets. For the subsequent 4 months, all participants consumed their usual diets. The main outcome measure was the feasibility of the J-DASH diet. We also collected the data of clinic BP and home BP (by automatic BP monitor), cardiometabolic biomarkers, and lifestyle and psychosocial parameters during the intervention phase. We examined behavior changes throughout the study period, and the diets' safety. Results: Fifty-one participants were recruited; following screening, 48 met the inclusion criteria and were randomized by central allocation. Eight participants were eliminated based on exclusion criteria, and the 40 participants were randomly allocated to the J-DASH 1 and J-DASH 2 groups (n=13 each) and the usual-diet group (n=14). The participants' mean age was 50 years, and 44% were women. The three groups' clinic BP values were not significantly different, but the home BP values were lower in the J-DASH 1 group and lowest in the J-DASH 2 group compared to the usual-diet group and differed significantly among the three groups throughout the study period (p<0.0001). The home BP variability was significantly lower in the J-DASH groups compared to the usual-diet group throughout the study period (p<0.01). The other indices including fish oil showed little differences among the groups throughout the study period. Conclusions: The J-DASH diet was feasible to improve home BP and stabilize its variability, and it did so more effectively than the participants' usual diets.

著者

川澄 未来子 藤原 孝幸 輿水 大和

出版者

日本感性工学会

雑誌

日本感性工学会論文誌 (ISSN:18845258)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.3, pp.627-634, 2009-02-28 (Released:2016-01-25)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1

---

This paper proposes a new approach for the analysis of a customer's initial impressions of an automobile front view. It is important for manufactures to analyze the differences in the expression that a studied automobile provokes in the viewer. We have tried to estimate quantitatively both the “facial expression” and the “perceived age” using modals that are already in common usage, for fifty automobile front views. Two visual stimuli were used in our experiments: the drawings and the caricatures generated by an automotive caricaturing system coche-PICASSO. The results show that this approach is effective in analyzing motor vehicle viewer perception.

著者

内海 庫一郎

出版者

土地制度史学会(現 政治経済学・経済史学会)

雑誌

土地制度史学 (ISSN:04933567)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.60-62, 1978-04-20 (Released:2017-10-30)

著者

楠 俊雄 穂積 香織 小倉 達也 小林 巧 重田 文弥

出版者

日本皮膚科学会西部支部

雑誌

西日本皮膚科 (ISSN:03869784)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.70-78, 2009-02-01 (Released:2009-04-21)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2 2

---

イトラコナゾール(イトリゾール®カプセル50)は,ベルギー ヤンセン社で合成されたトリアゾール系抗真菌剤である。本邦では2004年2月に爪白癬に対し,本剤400mg/日を1週間服薬した後,3週間休薬するサイクルを3回繰り返す「パルス療法」が承認され,この承認に伴い,爪白癬の治療を受けた患者2000例を対象とした市販後調査を実施し,パルス療法の有効性及び安全性について検討を行った。有効性については,有効性解析対象症例1051例における全般改善度は84.3%であった。また,感染部位,初発・再発,肥厚度,混濁比等,爪白癬の状態や重症度によらず,いずれも80%以上の有効率を示すことが確認された。一方,爪白癬治療の継続状況を検討したところ,治療完結率評価対象症例2394例において,3サイクル分のイトラコナゾール処方が完結した患者の割合は93.0%であった。安全性については,安全性解析対象症例2532例中288例(11.4%)に副作用が認められたが,主な副作用は,既知で軽微な臨床検査値異常であった。以上より,イトリゾール®カプセル50パルス療法は,爪白癬に対して優れた有効性ならびに良好な安全性を有することが確認された。

著者

鈴木 剛 上野 義雪

出版者

Japan Ergonomics Society

雑誌

人間工学 (ISSN:05494974)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.2Supplement, pp.156-157, 2007-06-02 (Released:2010-03-15)

参考文献数

6

著者

遠藤 玄 谷 篤 福島 E.文彦 広瀬 茂男 入部 正継 田窪 敏夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本ロボット学会

雑誌

日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.8, pp.779-787, 2012 (Released:2012-11-15)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

---

Home oxygen therapy (HOT) is a medical treatment for patients suffering from severe lung diseases. Although a walk in an outdoor environment is recommended for the patients to keep physical strength, patients always have to carry a portable oxygen supplier which is not sufficiently light weight for the patients. Our ultimate goal is to develop a mobile robot carrying an oxygen tank and follows a foregoing patient in an urban outdoor environment. We have proposed a mobile robot with a tether interface to detect the relative position of the foregoing patient. In this paper, we improve mobile platform mechanisms and active wheels to maximize the negotiating step height, and to allocate sufficient luggage area in the main body carrying an actual oxygen tank. The following control algorithm is also improved and demonstrate its effectiveness in an outdoor following experiment.

著者

Yuya Suzuki

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.49-54, 2020-06-20 (Released:2020-06-20)

参考文献数

24

---

Predatory behavior in Cnodalia harpax is described herein for the first time. Females of the species hanging on two threads span between branches at night were observed in the field. One of them was feeding on a sciarid fly. Observations in the laboratory revealed that C. harpax used its long claws to capture prey by hooking the legs, wings, and body. The impalement of prey by claws, previously described in tetragnathid spiders with long claws, had not been observed in C. harpax.

著者

日高 徹

出版者

日本海水学会

雑誌

日本海水学会誌 (ISSN:03694550)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.6, pp.390-398, 1990 (Released:2013-02-19)

著者

HARADA Yayoi ENDO Hirokazu TAKEMURA Kazuto

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-062, (Released:2020-08-12)

被引用文献数

5

---

To explore large-scale atmospheric factors causing heavy rainfall events that occurred widely in western Japan, a composite analysis of atmospheric fields during the past heavy rainfall events in the region is performed using the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis. During heavy rainfall events, atmospheric fields are characterized by an upper-tropospheric trough over the Korean Peninsula (KP), an upper-tropospheric ridge to the east of Japan, a surface high-pressure system to the southeast of Japan, and southwesterly moisture flux. The composite analysis indicates that a clear wave train due to quasi-stationary Rossby wave-packet propagation (RWPP) along the polar front jet (PFJ) over Siberia tends to occur just before extreme events. Further analysis considering various time-scale variabilities in the atmosphere reveals that surface high-pressure anomalies to the southeast of Japan are dominated by variability with a 25–90-day period, whereas variability with an 8–25-day period dominates lower-pressure anomalies over the East China Sea (ECS) in relation to the development of the upper-tropospheric trough around the KP. We also investigate atmospheric fields during an extreme heavy rainfall event that occurred in early July 2018 (HR18). Atmospheric features during HR18 are generally similar to those of the other heavy rainfall events. However, a remarkable RWPP occurred along the sub-tropical jet (STJ) in late June 2018 and intensified a surface high-pressure system to the southeast of Japan. In addition, a low-pressure system with an 8–25-day period to the south of Japan developed in association with wave breaking induced by the remarkable RWPP along the STJ and propagated northwestward toward the ECS and then to Japan. The simultaneous development of high- and low-pressure systems contributed to the extreme southerly moisture flux into western Japan. HR18 is also characterized by a sharp upper-tropospheric trough over the KP that is dominated by high-frequency variability with a period < 8 days.

著者

池添 冬芽 市橋 則明 森永 敏博

出版者

日本理学療法士学会

雑誌

理学療法学 (ISSN:02893770)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.8-13, 2003-02-20 (Released:2018-09-25)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

6

---

本研究の目的は,スクワット肢位における前後方向の足圧中心位置の違いが下肢筋の筋活動量に及ぼす影響について明らかにすることである。対象は健常成人12名であった。筋電図の測定筋は大腿直筋,内側広筋,外側広筋,半膜様筋,大腿四頭筋,腓腹筋(内側頭),前脛骨筋の7筋とした。3種類の膝屈曲角度(漆屈曲30,60,90度位)での両脚スクワット肢位について,それぞれ足圧中心を前方位,中間位,後方位で3秒間保持させたときの筋活動を測定した。大腿直筋,内側広筋,外側広筋,および前脛骨筋の筋活動ではすべての角度で足圧中心位置の違いによる主効果が認められ,いずれも後方位で最も高い値を示した。半膜様筋と大腿四頭筋では膝屈曲30度位においてのみ,腓腹筋ではすべての角度で足圧中心位置の違いによる主効果が認められ,いずれも前方位で高くなる傾向を示したが,これらの筋の筋活動量は20%と低い値を示した。本研究の結果,大腿四頭筋や前脛骨筋においては,足圧中心位置を後方位にして大きい屈曲角度でスクワット肢位を保持することによって高い筋活動量が得られることが示唆された。

著者

稲川 貴大 青野 祐子

出版者

公益社団法人 精密工学会

雑誌

精密工学会誌 (ISSN:09120289)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.12, pp.917-920, 2020-12-05 (Released:2020-12-05)

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地理学会

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.6, pp.383-393, 1965-06-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

著者

西岡 正光

出版者

一般社団法人 日本ゴム協会

雑誌

日本ゴム協会誌 (ISSN:0029022X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.34-36, 1996 (Released:2007-07-09)

被引用文献数

2 2

著者

黒木 知美 鶴見 みや古 長堀 正行

出版者

公益財団法人 山階鳥類研究所

雑誌

山階鳥類学雑誌 (ISSN:13485032)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.113-123, 2020-12-15 (Released:2020-12-16)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

3

---

Only two feather mite species, Compressalges nipponiae Dubinin, 1950 (Astigmata, Freyanoidea, Caudiferidae) and Freyanopterolichus nipponiae Dubinin, 1953 (Astigmata, Pterolichoidea, Kramerellidae), are described from the Crested Ibis Nipponia nippon (Temminck, 1835) in Russia. Both mites have never been reported from other birds and are probably species-specific to the Crested Ibis. However, after the original descriptions, no collection records on the type host have been reported. We investigated the feather mite species compositions on forty nine specimens of the Crested Ibis, comprising the original Japanese population (six specimens), specimens raised in Japan but originating from Shaanxi Province, China (thirty two specimens), birds from the original Korean Peninsula population (nine specimens), and two specimens of unknown origin. As the result, F. nipponiae was found in all areas, but C. nipponiae was not found on any of the samples originating from China (Shaanxi Province). Specifically, species composition was the same in Japan and the Korean Peninsula. However, compared to that of these two regions, that in inland China (Shaanxi Province) differed. Recent genetic analysis detected systematic differences in Crested Ibis depending on the regions. For understanding the detail, we need to survey the symbiotic status in China. However, our results indicate partially that the difference between symbiotic feather mite corresponds to differences in the origin among the Crested Ibis populations.

著者

添田 泰弘 北本 拓磨 長谷川 光司

出版者

Japan Society of Kansei Engineering

雑誌

日本感性工学会論文誌 (ISSN:18845258)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.239-245, 2014 (Released:2014-02-25)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1

---

Oshibori is a small wet towel to wipe hands before meal in Japan. Most of researches on oshibori have investigated the towels from the perspective of cleaning and sanitation. Few studies have assessed the qualitative and sensory characteristics associated with oshibori. In this paper, subjective evaluation experiments were carried out using cotton oshibori of different temperatures such as 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 °C in the laboratory temperature at 20, 25 and 30 °C over four seasons. 29 males and 33 females evaluated oshibori on following properties such as “favorite,” “rare,” “hot,” “feel-smooth,” “high-grade,” “comfortable,” “soft,” and “moist,” according to five point grading. As results, the oshibori at the temperature of 5, 15, 45 and 60 °C were evaluated to be comfortable. Contrary, those of 30 and 75 °C were evaluated uncomfortable. Moreover, sexual specificity of the evaluation was observed.

著者

濱嶋 真弘 村川 雄一朗 大門 恭平 北村 哲久 石川 秀雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本リハビリテーション医学会

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine (ISSN:18813526)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20007, (Released:2020-12-17)

参考文献数

12

---

Objective:It is often difficult to provide effective functional training in patients with severe attention deficit caused by organic damage to the brain. Herein, we report a case of attention deficit in a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage, which was successfully treated by virtual reality (VR)-guided rehabilitation.Methods:A 71-year-old woman was transferred to our hospital for rehabilitation after a subarachnoid hemorrhage. The patient suffered from severe attention deficit. She was unable to follow instructions from therapists and was unable to concentrate on rehabilitation tasks. We attempted VR-guided rehabilitation using mediVR KAGURA (mediVR, Toyonaka, Japan) in order to improve her attention deficit. The training was performed approximately 20 min every weekday, for 4 months in a 360-degree VR environment, with no background image initially. The difficulties in physical and cognitive tasks were adjusted by focusing on the size, range of appearance, and falling speed of each task object, so that even patients with severe attention deficit could respond to these tasks appropriately.Results:After the above-mentioned VR-guided training, the trail making test A, behavioral inattention test, and moss attention rating scale were improved from 300 s (could not complete the test) to 100 s, 119 to 133, and 55 to 98, respectively. In addition, in the clinical assessment for attention, the time required for visual obliteration tests was significantly shortened, and clinical symptoms associated with attention deficit were also improved clinically.Conclusion:VR-guided rehabilitation has the potential to be used as a new therapeutic approach to improve attention deficit.