出版者

桃山書林明解辞典編纂部

巻号頁・発行日

1946

著者

Feng Jin Ji Wang Joe M. Regenstein Fengjun Wang

出版者

Japan Oil Chemists' Society

雑誌

Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.ess17212, (Released:2018-06-07)

被引用文献数

11

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Volatile compounds and quality changes of bitter apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L.) kernel oil (AKO) with different roasting conditions were determined. Bitter apricot kernels were roasted at 120, 130, 140 and 150°C for 15 min. Unroasted bitter apricot kernel oil was used as the control. Quality indicators included color, acid value and peroxide value, fatty acids, total phenols and oxidative stability. Peroxide values of the tested oils were 0.46-0.82 meq/kg, acid values were 0.60-1.40 mg KOH/g, and total phenol contents were 54.1-71.5 µg GAE/g. Oleic acid was the major fatty acid, followed by linoleic, palmitic, stearic and palmitoleic acids. Roasting increased the oxidative stability of bitter AKO. Volatile compounds were tentatively identified and semi-quantified. Among the 53 volatiles identified, benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol were the major components. These two aroma compounds increased significantly during roasting and contributed sweet and almond flavors. Pyrazines were also prevalent and significantly increased with roasting. Sensory evaluation showed that roasted, nutty, sweet and oily aromas increased as roasting temperature increased.Practical applications: Bitter apricot kernels cannot be consumed directly, thus it is potentially beneficial to find uses for them, especially in China where bitter apricot processing is a significant industry. Roasted bitter AKO with a pleasant aroma could be prepared and might find use as an edible oil. The roasting process gave the bitter AKO a pleasant flavor. This study provided preliminary information on production parameters and potential quality control parameters.

著者

三森 国敏

出版者

日本毒性学会

雑誌

日本毒性学会学術年会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.S8-3, 2012

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新しい医薬品のがん原性試験ガイドラインがICHで1997年に策定され、ラットの2年間がん原性試験に加えて遺伝子改変(Tg)マウスを用いた短期がん原性試験からもがん原性が評価できるようになった。一方、そのガイドラインの策定から約15年が経過し、Tgマウスの欠点も明らかとなり、また、2年間のがん原性試験においても種々の問題が派生してきている。例えば、rasH2マウスやp53 ヘテロ欠損マウスは遺伝毒性発がん物質に感受性が高いが、一部のin vitro遺伝毒性試験で陽性で、Tgマウスでの短期がん原性試験で陰性の場合、長期がん原性試験が必ずしも陰性となる保証はないとの指摘がなされている。また、従来の遺伝毒性試験が陰性で、長期がん原性試験が陽性であった医薬品の場合は、ビッグブルーマウスの遺伝子突然変異試験のように、in vivo遺伝毒性試験を追加してその作用が遺伝毒性によって生じたものかを明確にせざるを得ない場合もある。一方、追加in vivo遺伝毒性試験で陰性であった場合は、その発癌促進作用の機序解明が必要となるが、必ずしもその機序を解明するための動物モデルが開発されておらず、さらなる機序解明ができない場合もある。最近gptデルタラットが開発され、一つの試験系で同一臓器での遺伝子変異と発がんとの関連性を明確にすることができる。この試験系では、従来のような遺伝毒性とがん原性試験を別々に実施することはなくなり、今後の遺伝毒性発がん物質を検出できる試験系として有用であると思われる。 反復投与毒性試験から発がんの懸念がない場合は、ラットの長期がん原性試験を省略できるとの新しいガイドラインがICHから提案されているが、上記のように、がん原性を評価する試験系においても種々の問題点が派生してきており、医薬品開発の迅速化を求めるために本来のリスク評価が疎かになるようなことは絶対に避けるべきである。

著者

中谷 伸生

出版者

美術フォーラム21刊行会

雑誌

美術フォーラム21

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.4-9, 2011

著者

藤繩 謙三

出版者

日本西洋古典学会

雑誌

西洋古典学研究 (ISSN:04479114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.14-25, 1961-03-29 (Released:2017-05-23)

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The peculiar use of the chariots in the Iliad is usually explained as being due to Homer's ignorance of their use among the Mycenaeans who must have "fought like the Hittites" (D. Gray). Of course, there are some passages in the Iliad which suggest that the Mycenaeans attempted such chariot fighting (e. g. Nestor's advice to his charioteers, -A 297 ff.), and the Linear B tablets attest the existence of some hundreds of chariots in Knossos and Pylos. In spite of these facts, considering the geographical conditions of Greece, we cannot imagine that such tactics were so effective as to be widely used. So I think the assumption doubtful that Homer had forgotten Mycenaean chariot tactics, and having reexamined the text of the Iliad, I point out some evidence against the assumption. (1) Even among the chief heroes we find some who have no chariot for their own use, to say nothing of chariot troops (e. g. Odysseus, Aias of Salamis, Teukros and Aias of Lokris). As this difference among the heroes must be due to the geographical conditions, it certainly existed in the Mycenaean Age. Moreover, since Odysseus and Aias of Salamis are on equal terms with the other heroes, the possession of chariots must have been of little importance. (2) Among the Achaeans, fifteen persons have epithets relating to horses (or chariots), ten of them being of the former generation (e. g. Pelops, Atreus, Peleus and Nestor), and only five in the prime of life (e. g. Diomedes and Patroklos). This curious ratio shows that, though in earlier times horses (or chariots) had been highly esteemed, their value became lower towards the end of the Mycenaean Age. This change suggests that they were not effective in actual battles. (3) While we find many formulae which depict the scenes of jumping down, falling or making a person fall, from a chariot, there is no set formulae in the Iliad which depict an attack from a chariot. But a few passages show that Homer himself (or his immediate predecessors) aimed to depict attacks from chariots, combining spear-throwing formulae with a falling-from-a-chariot formula (Ε 275-97, Θ116-23). Therefore, strictly speaking, it is not Homer but the stock of the traditional formulae, that is responsible for the treating of the chariots as mere vehicles. We cannot assume that Homer or his immediate predecessors should have left out, if there had been any, fighting-from-chariots formulae, since they sometimes wanted to depict such scenes. Moreover, some parallel cases confirm the possibility that formulae which are inconsistent with each other do co-exist. So it does not seem possible that the fighting-from-chariots formulae arose from the many treatments in chariot fighting in the Mycenaean Epics. One is inclined to conclude that with regard to the use of chariots there was no great difference between the Mycenaean World and the Homeric.

著者

東福 宣介

出版者

東京経済大学コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

コミュニケーション科学 (ISSN:1340587X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.45, pp.71-98, 2017

著者

内田 勝

出版者

岐阜大学

雑誌

岐阜大学地域科学部研究報告 (ISSN:13428268)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.17-31, 2011

著者

豊国,柳亭梅彦

出版者

魚栄

雑誌

豊国錦絵集

巻号頁・発行日

1861

著者

菅原 崇光

出版者

慶應義塾大学

雑誌

史学 (ISSN:03869334)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.223-240, 1966-09

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前号と本号の要約四 外国金融資本のロシア重工業征服五 帝国主義経費の負担体系と地主層の「分割統治」むすびに代えてResearch in Japan on the problem of determining the historical nature of the Russo-Japanese War has been conducted as a part of the larger problem : the establishment of Japanese imperialism. In the post-War period a far-reaching reexamination from the above standpoint has been conducted. However, it must also be kept in mind that for Russia too this war was an inevitable event in the process of formation of its own imperialistic regime. In order to evaluate accurately the significance of the war within the framework of the formation of imperialistic regimes in the international enviornment it is necessary that this problem be equally pursued from the Russian side. Thus, the first problem considered is the structure of the Russian Far Eastern policy. According to Romanov, a highly respected Soviet historian in this field, there existed among the various classes represented in the Russian Government two groups which were interested in the Manchurian enterprises and which actively encouraged their development. Romanov pointed out that these two groups were "the haute bourgeoisie who sought new markets" and "the extreemly reactionary landowning class." The author, however, questioned the method of Romanov's handling of this problem from the following two points: firstly, these two classes took opposite paths of activity in the development of capitalism; secondly, in the process of establishment of foreign policy they were not in a mutually complmentary relationship but in opposing positions. A reexamination of this class-structure has been attempted from the standpoint of determining the position of Witte's early Manchurian colonial enterprises policy within Witte's larger structure for Russian internal development. The results of such an investigation show the following: the Manchurian colonial enterprises had the significance of being a method of capital outflow for monopolistic state capital; this in particular centering upon the Chinese Eastern Railroad. As an extension of the plan for the growth of the state railroad system within Russia and in conjunction with the policy for exploitation of markets for heavy industrial products, which was a part of Witte's policy for promotion of heavy industries, these enterprises served the interests of Russian heavy industries. However, since Russian heavy industries were dominated by foreign capital, especially French capital, profits derived from them fell directly into the hands of foreign entrepreneural capitarists. The profits of the landowning class, on the contrary, were sacrificed to these foreign capitalists. Thus, it is proposed that Romanov's thesis has room for revision in the sense that the class-foundation of Witte's Far Eastern policy was foreign capital, in particular French enterpreneural capital.

著者

加藤 長雄

出版者

毎日新聞社

雑誌

エコノミスト (ISSN:00130621)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.62-65, 1966-01

著者

井沢 元彦

出版者

小学館

雑誌

週刊ポスト

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.29, pp.124-127, 2009-07-10

著者

増淵 龍夫

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.7, pp.675-690, 1940

著者

松崎 裕子

出版者

愛知学泉大学コミュニティ政策研究所

雑誌

コミュニティ政策研究 (ISSN:13447947)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.75-90, 2008-03

著者

広報部会

出版者

デジタルアーカイブ推進協議会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2000, no.(13), 2000

著者

大橋 知子 永谷 裕子

出版者

一般社団法人 プロジェクトマネジメント学会

雑誌

プロジェクトマネジメント学会誌 (ISSN:1345031X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.4, pp.46-51, 2014

著者

高橋 晴美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床薬理学会

雑誌

臨床薬理 (ISSN:03881601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.6, pp.243-246, 2008 (Released:2009-03-01)

参考文献数

11

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Warfarin is the mainstay of anticoagulation therapy, worldwide. Its clinical use, however, is complicated by the fact that it has a narrow therapeutic index with potential bleeding complications. The dosage requirement of warfarin to produce therapeutic anticoagulation varies widely among patients. Recently genetic factors such as the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes have been demonstrated to be determinants of warfarin response. CYP2C9 is the enzyme primarily responsible for the metabolic clearance of the S-enantiomer of warfarin. VKOR is the target protein of warfarin which recycles the reduced form of vitamin K, an essential cofactor in the formation of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. There is strong evidence to support an association between these genetic variants and therapeutic doses of warfarin. On the basis of these observations, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a labeling change for warfarin that includes the genetic information of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 as factors influencing inter-individual variability in warfarin dosing. The package insert as of August 2007 states that “lower initiation doses should be considered for patients with certain genetic variations in CYP2C9 and VKORC1 enzymes.” The FDA also approved clinical tests for these genetic variants. However, at present, a validated dosing algorithm, evidence of the clinical utility of genotyping and a reliable economic analysis are not availabie to recommend routine CYP2C9 and VKORC1 testing in every patient before the initiation of warfarin. The results of several randomized prospective controlled trials conducted to test the impact of genotype-guided warfarin dosing in Caucasian and Asian patients are shown in this review.

著者

眞銅 雅子 杉岡 優 内山 真伸 首藤 健一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学学術講演会要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, 2015

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 カルボランはその超芳香族性によって種々の誘導体が存在する有望な機能性材料の一つである。本研究は、チオール置換したデカメチル-p-カルボランチオール(dmpct)がAu(111)表面上に自己組織化単分子膜(SAM)を形成する際、ポテンシャル曲線に沿って拡散する過程を第一原理計算コードVASPを用いて計算し、安定構造を明らかにした。

著者

小暮 哲理 松本 邦彦 澤木 昌典

出版者

公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会

雑誌

日本都市計画学会関西支部研究発表会講演概要集 (ISSN:1348592X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.109-112, 2017 (Released:2017-07-30)

参考文献数

5

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本研究は、市街地再開発事業によって建設されたビル(再開発ビル)の空き床解消に向けた施策である公共施設の導入の改善を目的としている。市街地再開発事業が完了した地区において、竣工後に公共施設が導入された再開発ビルを対象とした。自治体や管理会社へのヒアリング調査結果から、公共施設導入によって施設利用者の満足度の向上やビル来館者の増加などの効果が得られたことが分かった。一方で、公共施設が導入されたことによって他の空き床に新しいテナントが入居するなどの波及的な効果が得られた事例は少なく、それらの事例では自治体・管理会社・ビル内民間店舗等の協力があることが分かった。

著者

吉田兼倶 著

出版者

国民精神文化研究所

巻号頁・発行日

1938

著者

中川 潔

出版者

労働調査会

雑誌

労働安全衛生広報 = Occupational safety and health

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1177, pp.27-33, 2018-04-15