著者

牧野 英二

出版者

法政大学文学部

雑誌

法政大学文学部紀要 (ISSN:04412486)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, pp.1-20, 2017-03-30

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Today wars and conflicts remain ongoing on a global scale, and the political situation in East Asia is as tense as it was before the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1894. The current world situation appears to require a re-emergence of the perpetual peace envisioned by Immanuel Kant in 1795. However, his philosophy and theory of perpetual peace are no longer valid in theircurrent form against the background of today's globalization and the resulting intricate intertwining of international relations. Accordingly, this paper reviews the theory of perpetual peace from the perspectives of (1) ascertaining whether the theory predicted the general trends observed in modern society, and (2) identifying contemporary issues that extend beyond the frame work of the theory. The paper first elucidates the significance and roles of the theory in philosophical studies in Japan, with focus on those of Kant. This is followed by a discussion on the history of controversies over the theory in Japan and a look at their historical significance in relation to social and ideological backgrounds. The paper then clarifies the significance of studies on the theory of perpetual peace in Japan in the present context and outlines related challenges.The following major points of discussion are addressed here: (1) whether Kant's argumentregarding a world republic in the theory of perpetual peace contradicts that regarding the philosophy of perpetual peace described in his other treatises, particularly "The Metaphysics of Morals"; (2) whether Kant was philosophically convinced of the feasibility of perpetual peace or whether such feasibility was an expression of religious hope; (3) the question of what guaranteesthe realization of perpetual peace: (a) God or providence, (b) the intention of nature(Naturabsicht) or natural mechanisms, or (c) moral practice by humans; (4) why in the theory of perpetual peace Kant proposed a league of nations as the negative surrogate of a world republic, and whether the argument is rational; (5) how the relationship between the theory of perpetual peace and issues of justice should be interpreted; and (6) whether the views expressed in the theory are still useful today. Lastly, the paper clarifies the significance of the theory of perpetual peace in the present context as follows: First, the theory is inseparable from today's theory of justice. Second, ideasabout the theory do not allow holy war — which destroys peace in the name of justice — from the perspective of global justice. Third, a theory of justice has been examined from a variety of perspectives, which has in turn made the subject a battlefield for discussions. In any case, studies and assessment of the theory of perpetual peace offer some important ideas for the peace andstability of the international community.

著者

森 和久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本輸血・細胞治療学会

雑誌

日本輸血学会雑誌 (ISSN:05461448)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.3-4, pp.310-326, 1962 (Released:2010-03-12)

参考文献数

74

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This experiment was attempted to bring to light the production mechanism of auto-antibody, homologous and heterologous antibodies to red cells, as well as the destruction mechanism in vivo of red cells caused by the presence of these antibodies.Rabbits were used for the experiment.Consideration was advanced principally concerning the determination of the activity value of Cr51 labelled on red cells, availing of the specific and convenient nature of isotope Cr51 and red cells in the ability of association and dissociation with each other, and at the same time a serological experiment on the serum was jointly performed for the consideration.The survival time in vivo of the same typed as well as different typed red cells was measured after the rabbit's blood was typed with antisera, with the result that the loss curve of both the same type and the different type cells practically coincided with that of the auto-cells.The repeated infusion of enzyme (trypsin) treated auto-cells into normal and splenectomized rabbits reveals an increased rapidity in the loss of the trypsin treated auto-cells with added frequency of the repetition. On further examining the serum of this particular rabbit, the presence of an antibody to auto-cells was proved.The experiment made on a splenectomized rabbit by infusion homologous red cells of the same as well as different types, heterologous cells and trypsin treated auto-cells, made it clear that there was no significant difference in the loss curve of homologous cells, but that the losing speed of heterologous cells from the blood flow was extra rapid during the first 30 minutes of its infusion, and also that thereafter the loss curve was obtained almost in parallel with that of a normal rabbit.With regard to trypsin treated cells it was confirmed that its repeated infusion caused reduction of the loss curve and production of an auto-antibody, regardless of the presence or non-presence of spleen.The distribution of the infused normal auto-cells, trypsin treated auto-cells and heterologous cells was examined in heart blood, liver, spleen and kidney to find that the distribution of heterologous cells in the sysem was considerably different from that of homologous cells.Of the blood cells denatured by trypsin treatment, the homologous cells and the heterologous cells differ remarkably in the way they are destroyed and disposed, but the homologous cells which have been subjected to a powerful irreversible change are disposed in the liver in compensation of the spleen, same as heterolgoous cells.

著者

浅野 有康 大野 佳樹 栗田 壮一郎 近藤 圭一郎 篠宮 健志 石川 勝美

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会論文誌. D, 産業応用部門誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.5, pp.369-376, 2017

被引用文献数

5

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<p>Hybrid power source three level inverter is proposed as a main circuit system with energy storage device for increasing regenerative power. This paper proposes a charge and discharge control method to utilize the regenerated energy. The proposed method is verified by experimental tests with a scaled-down model and numerical simulation.</p>

著者

横山 香 新井 肇 古川 雅文 山中 一英

出版者

兵庫教育大学

雑誌

兵庫教育大学研究紀要 (ISSN:13493981)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, pp.101-113, 2013-02

著者

中谷南中堂 (定次郎) 著

出版者

戸取書店

巻号頁・発行日

vol.明治43年, 1910

著者

井原西鶴 [著]

出版者

雄山閣

巻号頁・発行日

1937

著者

長手 尊俊 杉田 和彦 宮地 純子 宮崎 真奈美 竹市 千恵 小野 武夫 大竹 盾夫 大村 貞文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学療法学会

雑誌

CHEMOTHERAPY (ISSN:00093165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.170-191, 1988

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新規マクロライド系抗生物質TE-031の体液内濃度測定法について検討した。検定菌として<I>Micrococcus lutescs</I> ATCC 9341, 検定培地としてHeart infusion agar (栄研; pH8.0) を用いたペーパーディスク法が最適であった。血中濃度測定には, その標準液としてヒトプール血清 (Consera) を, 尿中濃度測定には, メタノール・リン酸塩緩衝液 (メタノール: 0.02Mリン酸塩緩衝液, pH7.4=4:1) と一部には1/15Mリン酸塩緩衝液を, 組織内濃度測定にはメタノール・リン酸塩緩衝液を用いTE-031の定量が可能であった。各サンプルの調製は各々のサンプルに応じた希釈液を用いて行った。また, TE-031ヒト主要代謝物で最も強い抗菌力を有するM-5も上記と同様の方法にてその定量が可能であり, TE-031とほぼ同様の検量線が得られた。<BR>TE-031の測定範囲は0.025~100μg/ml (但し1/15Mリン酸塩緩衝液; 0.2~100μg/ml) であった。また, これらbioassay法は高速液体クロマトグラフィー (HPLC) を用いるchemical assay法と良好な相関性を示した。

著者

長手 尊俊 杉田 和彦 沼田 和生 小野 武夫 宮地 純子 森川 悦子 大村 貞文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学療法学会

雑誌

CHEMOTHERAPY (ISSN:00093165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.129-155, 1988

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TE-031の<I>in vitro</I>および<I>in vivo</I>抗菌力をErythromycin (EM), Josamycin (JM) および他の抗生剤と比較検討し, 次の結果を得た。<BR>1. TE-031は, EMと同様の抗菌スペクトルを有し, 好気性グラム陽性菌, 好気性グラム陰性菌の一部 (<I>B. catarrhalis, N. gonorrhoeu, H. influenzae</I>), 嫌気性菌, L型菌およびマイコプラズマに対して優れた抗菌活性を示した。<BR>2. TE-031は臨床分離株388株に対して, EMと同等ないしやや強く, JMより強い抗菌力を示した。<BR>3. TE-031はEMと同様<I>H.influenzae</I>に対して殺菌的に作用した。<BR>4. TE-031はマウス実験的全身感染症, 皮下感染症および呼吸器感染症に対してEM, JMよりも優れた<I>in vivo</I>抗菌力を示した。

著者

田中 和夫 Kazuo Tanaka

雑誌

昆蟲 = Japanese journal of entomology (ISSN:09155805)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.4, pp.207-211, 1956-10-01

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経情報ストラテジー (ISSN:09175342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.4, pp.32-35, 2012-05

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旧経営陣の損失隠しで企業価値を大きく毀損したオリンパスは、強い現場力と脆弱な経営のアンバランスに悩む日本企業の現状を露わにした。企業の成長や拠点拡張に伴い、現場と経営がかい離するのは必然の道なのか。「否」とヤマトホールディングスの瀬戸薫代表取締役会長は異を唱える。むしろ「経営陣が現場に赴いてこそ、次の成長の芽を育てることができる」と強調する。

著者

TADASHI KIHO MASAHIKO ITO KATSUYUKI NAGAI CHIHIRO HARA SHIGEO UKAI

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.10, pp.4286-4293, 1987-10-25 (Released:2009-10-19)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

8 11

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A water-insoluble glucan (N-5P), [α] 23D +2.3° (c= 0.51, 0.5 M sodium hydroxide), was isolated from the alkaline extract of the fruit bodies of Yu er (Chinese name) (Auricularia species). N-5P was homogeneous as judged by gel filtration and electrophoresis. By gel filtration, the molecular weight of N-5P was estimated to be 5.6 × 105. The 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectra, together with the result of chromium trioxide oxidation, indicated that glucosidic linkages in N-5P have the β-D configuration. From the results of methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation (complete, as well as partial), partial acetolysis, and enzymic hydrolysis, it was concluded that N-5P has a main chain composed of β- (1→3) -linked D-glucopyranosyl residues, with single, β- (1→6) -linked D-glucopyranosyl groups attached as side chains, which account for a quarter of the total sugar residues. In addition, the results of enzymic hydrolysis indicated that the β- (1→6) -linked D-glucosyl side chains are mainly localized in the neighborhood of the nonreducing end of the main chain. Furthermore, N-5P showed potent antitumor activity against the solid form of sarcoma 180 in mice, and exhibited significant carbon clearance-enhancing activity in mice.

著者

まさの あつこ

出版者

医学書院

雑誌

助産雑誌 (ISSN:13478168)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.10, pp.894-899, 2005-10

著者

小村 弘 松田 健一 茂本 友貴枝 河原 亥一郎 阿野 理恵子 村山 洋子 森脇 俊哉 吉田 長弘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.1, pp.131-139, 2005-01-01 (Released:2005-01-01)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

2 3

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Metabolic screening using liver microsomes of rats and humans is an indispensable tool to optimize a lead structure and to select compounds for in vivo study. Elucidating the relationship between in vitro intrinsic clearance (CLint, app) and in vivo clearance (CLb) is a prerequisite for screening. We investigated the relationship between CLint, app in rat liver microsomes and CLb after intravenous administration in rats in eight projects. No relationship between these two parameters was found across all of the projects examined. However, there was a certain relationship in the same core structure of six projects, but not in the other two projects. The poor correlation in the projects was improved by considering serum protein binding or microsomal binding in the estimation of in vitro clearances. Although the binding assay was labor intensive, unlike metabolic screening, the introduction of the equilibrium dialysis method using a 96-well format increased the throughput. Optimization of metabolic stability was conducted on the basis of the structure-metabolic stability relationship (SMR) in one of the projects, showing a good correlation without the binding factors. The replacement of the piperazine with a homopiperazine moiety improved metabolic stability in the rat and human liver microsomes. The compound also showed a desirable in vivo pharmacokinetic profile in rats, suggesting that the SMR study on the confirmed in vitro and in vivo correlation is essential to the optimization.

著者

小柳 達男 野呂 春暢

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

日本農芸化学会誌 (ISSN:00021407)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.10, pp.670-672, 1953

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1) ラッテにホモスルファミンを与えて腸内の微生物によるフラビン合成を阻止しておき,飼料中の澱粉を等カロリーの脂肪酸で置き換えると尿からのフラビン排泄が減少する.<br> 2) 尿中フラビンは体内のフラビン飽和度を反映するものだとすると,脂肪酸の酸化には澱粉の酸化よりもフラビンをより多く必要とするものと考えられる.<br> 3)脂肪酸の種類により,その代謝に要するフラビン量に差があり,オレイン酸は最も少く,ステアリン酸,リノール酸は多量にフラビンを消費する.<br> 終に臨み御助言を賜つた東京大学農学部の尾崎準一教授に厚く感謝する.なお本実験は文部省科学研究費によつた.

著者

永井 勝幸

出版者

九州大学

巻号頁・発行日

1985

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博士論文

著者

石津 隆

出版者

九州大学

巻号頁・発行日

1983

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博士論文

著者

佐藤 文憲

出版者

東京大学

巻号頁・発行日

1983

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博士論文

著者

石黒 靖尚

出版者

九州大学

巻号頁・発行日

1982

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博士論文

著者

山田 英之 福島 直 小栗 一太

出版者

日本毒性学会

雑誌

Journal of toxicological sciences (ISSN:03881350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.App.161-App.170, 1998-11-26

参考文献数

39

著者

星 秋夫 稲葉 裕 村山 貢司

出版者

Japanese Society of Biometeorology

雑誌

日本生気象学会雑誌 (ISSN:03891313)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.3-11, 2007-06-01

被引用文献数

7

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東京都と千葉市における 2000~2004 年の熱中症発生について解析した.熱中症発生率は東京都(人口 10 万対:4.4 人)よりも千葉市(9.4 人)で高かった.年齢階級別熱中症の発生は両都市共,5~19 歳と 65 歳以上とに,発生のピークを示す二峰性を示した.5~19 歳における熱中症発生は東京都,千葉市共に平日よりも日曜日,祭日で多かった.千葉市において,スポーツ時の発生は大部分が 5~19 歳であった.高齢者(65 歳以上)では大部分が生活活動時に発生した.熱中症の発生した日の日最高気温分布は東京都よりも千葉市で低温域にあった.日最高気温と日平均発生率との間に東京都と千葉市にそれぞれ異なる有意な相関関係を認め,千葉市で急勾配であった.日最高気温時 WBGT 分布は東京都と千葉市で同様であり,東京都と千葉市における日最高気温時 WBGT と日平均発生率との間に有意な相関関係を認めた.多重ロジスティックモデルの結果,日最高気温時 WBGT,日平均海面気圧,日照時間,降水量の因子について有意性を認めた.<br>