著者
中村 豊
出版者
The Human Geographical Society of Japan
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, no.4, pp.307-320, 1979-08-28 (Released:2009-04-28)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
4 2 6

In his first research in America, Gould identified that there are mental maps shared in common among many individuals with respect to a specific perception point. This he termed as a specific mental map (S). In his later research in Britain, he found a general mental map (G) which was shared in common among all British school leavers. He explained the relationship between these two mental maps as follows: S=G+L (where L is local effects or local dome). This means that there are differences in every specific mental map. But he didn't consider differences of mental maps which derived from different residential preference systems. In mental maps, the residential preference systems or value systems are very important, because mental maps mainly depend on them. But there are many residential preference systems in a human group, so that the mental maps shared in common are not single but plural.In this papar, therefore, the existence of plural general mental maps is conceptualized and then the maps are extrected, their spatial patterns and their preference systems are analyzed, and their relationships are discussed.(Concepts)Prior to analysis, some concepts would be defined as follows.(a) Generality of mental maps and local effects of mental maps are features of spatial patterns. The former is a spatial pattern shared in common in a country (or study area) among the respondents. The latter is features of spatial patterns viewed from every specific perception point, which operate to deform the general mental map.(b) Dimensionality of mental maps is the variety of residential preference systems. Operationally, the dominant residential preference systems correspond to the dimensions of principle component analysis. The residential preference systems are interpreted by component scores on this scaling.(c) Homogeneity of mental maps is equivalent to the extent to which a particular residential preference system exists within a group. Operationally, it is measured by coefficient of determination.(Data and method)From six high schools in Aomori, Chiba, Fukui, Iwakura, Yao and Niihama, the residential preference ranking data are obtained. To these data, principal component analysis is used twice. In the first step, spatial patterns at every perception point are represented through principal component scores and their features are described. At the second step, principal component analysis is reapplied to the six component scores obtained (the first dimension and the second dimension, seperately).(Results)Fig. 2-(1-6) shows the spatial patterns of the first dimension at the six perception points respectively. Fig. 3-(1-6) shows that of the second dimension. Fig. 4 shows the spatial pattern of the general mental maps of Japan drawn by using the first dimension components. Fig. 5 shows the map drawn by using the second dimension components. The features of every specific mental map are summarized in the general mental maps.The features of spatial pattern in the first dimension are as follows; (1) prefectures known for sightseeing (Kyoto, Nara, Hokkaido, Shizuoka, Nagano, etc.) are preferect, (2) in general, the warm and urbanized prefectures have high score, and (3) Tokyo, capital of Japan, is not prefered. In specific mental maps, however, there are local effects, for example, the prefectures near the perception points have high scores as compared with other prefectures. The features of spatial pattern in the second dimension are as follows; (1) it is simpler than the first dimension with respect to spatial pattern, (2) rural prefectures have high scores, while urbanized prefectures have low scores. As seen from table 4, it can be said that a rather high correlation exists between the various perception points in both the first and the second dimension correlation matrix of component scores.
著者
松尾 幸二郎
出版者
公益財団法人 国際交通安全学会
雑誌
IATSS Review(国際交通安全学会誌) (ISSN:03861104)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.3, pp.182-189, 2021-02-28 (Released:2021-03-03)
参考文献数
61

本稿では、速度マネジメントのEngineeringアプローチおよびEnforcementアプローチにおける比較的新しい技術の動向について紹介する。具体的には、欧州諸国で2000年頃から研究や実証が始まったIntelligent Speed Adaptation(ISA)やAverage Speed Enforcement(平均速度取締)、および国内における新しい速度取締技術である可搬式オービスの動向について紹介するとともに、Evaluationという視点から速度取締の効果評価の視点について解説する。
著者
Lucia Gastoldi Lewis M. Ward Mayuko Nakagawa Mario Giordano Shawn E. McGlynn
出版者
Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles
雑誌
Microbes and Environments (ISSN:13426311)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.2, pp.ME20145, 2021 (Released:2021-05-25)
参考文献数
62
被引用文献数
2

We investigated variations in cell growth and ATP Sulfurylase (ATPS) activity when two cyanobacterial strains—Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and Synechococcus sp. WH7803—were grown in conventional media, and media with low ammonium, low sulfate and a high CO2/low O2 atmosphere. In both organisms, a transition and adaptation to the reconstructed environmental media resulted in a decrease in ATPS activity. This variation appears to be decoupled from growth rate, suggesting the enzyme is not rate-limiting in S assimilation and raising questions about the role of ATPS redox regulation in cell physiology and throughout Earth history.
著者
坂野 翔子 岡本 隆二 鈴木 康夫 山本 彩人 中谷 仁 村田 智博 洪 英在 藤井 英太郎 山田 典一 伊藤 正明
出版者
一般社団法人 日本内科学会
雑誌
日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.107, no.3, pp.564-570, 2018-03-10 (Released:2019-03-10)
参考文献数
10

68歳,男性.1カ月以上続く不明熱の原因検索目的で当院に紹介された.各種検査で異常を認めず,詳細な問診で発汗の自覚がないことが判明したため,発汗テストを行った.広範囲で発汗を認めず,特発性後天性全身性無汗症(acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis:AIGA)と診断した.炎症反応上昇を伴わず,発汗障害を認める患者には,本疾患を鑑別疾患に挙げる必要がある.
著者
中川 尚史 中道 正之 山田 一憲
出版者
一般社団法人 日本霊長類学会
雑誌
霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.2, pp.111-125, 2011 (Released:2012-01-19)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
6 7

Questionnaire on infrequently-observed behaviors (IOBs) in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) were given to primatologists. This survey aimed to provide basic information on the degree of rarity of each behavior. The questionnaire consisted of questions for respondents themselves, (e.g., name, research carrier, daily observation time), focal group (name of group and local population, captive, provisioned free-ranging, crop-raiding or purely wild), and IOBs. Experience of direct observation of 36 candidates of IOBs was also requested to answer by yes, no, or impossible to answer because of ambiguous memory or unawareness of its behavior. In total, 39 answer sheets were obtained from 32 respondents. The top 10 IOBs and the number of those answering "yes" in parenthesis are as follows: mating interruption by juveniles (1), simultaneously nursing different-aged offspring (1), tool-use (1), single mount ejaculation (2), transporting the older offspring (2), nursing the older offspring (2), simultaneously transporting different-aged offspring (3), pulling the hair of female chin as a courtship behavior by male (4), twin birth (4), and (diurnal) birth (6). Some of IOBs, such as mating interruption by juveniles, seem to be due to ambiguous memory or unawareness of its behavior. Apparent inter-population differences in the percentage of respondents answering "yes" to the all the respondents giving definite answers were found in some behaviors, such as embrace-rocking behaviors, mating behaviors in birth season, stone-handling, and feeding on vertebrates. Some of them, like the latter two, seem to have something to do with provisioning. With the modification of three categories by Nakamichi et al. (2009), we proposed the following five categories of IOBs: I) behaviors which are difficult to be observed despite its common occurrence; II) behaviors which rarely occur in every population: III) behaviors which rarely occur in some populations, but frequently occur in the others; IV) behaviors which are difficult to identify and memorize despite its common occurrence; V) behaviors which rarely occur during the most of the time but temporally occur.
著者
濱口 浩敏
出版者
日本神経治療学会
雑誌
神経治療学 (ISSN:09168443)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.4, pp.543-547, 2020 (Released:2021-05-27)
参考文献数
5

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition in which a blood clot forms in a vein, usually in the legs or pelvis. When DVT occurs, urgent care is required. Here, we describe the diagnosis and treatment of DVT in patients with neurological disease.Stroke and DVTPatients with stroke may lose the ability to maintain a sitting position, stand, or walk due to sudden hemiplegia or quadriplegia. They may be forced to remain in bed during the acute period, which can make them more susceptible to the development of DVT in the leg on the affected side. Anticoagulant therapy may also lead to the concurrent prevention of DVT depending on the type of cerebral infarction, especially in cases of cardiogenic cerebral embolism, and care is taken in the selection and dosage of the anticoagulant.Cerebral infarction from DVTIt is important to understand that DVT can cause cerebral infarction. Emboli are sometimes produced in the cerebral arteries when there is a right–to–left shunt due to the existence of a patent foramen ovale, interatrial septal aneurysm, pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, or other condition. During diagnosis, the presence of a right–to–left shunt is confirmed with transesophageal echocardiography.Other neurological diseases and DVTThe frequency of DVT also increases in conditions where lower limb paralysis is seen, such as peripheral neuropathy or neurodegenerative disease. Unlike stroke, the onset is not sudden and the progressive nature makes the initial determination difficult. DVT can occur due to decreased physical activity from staying in bed or lower limb paralysis cause by secondary impairment to venous return. Consequently, regular evaluation and prevention of DVT is important in patients with neurological disease who have paralysis.ConclusionEarly discovery of DVT and appropriate treatment are important in patients with neurological disease.
著者
織茂 智之
出版者
日本神経治療学会
雑誌
神経治療学 (ISSN:09168443)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.4, pp.614-619, 2020 (Released:2021-05-27)
参考文献数
50

In Lewy body disease including Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and various neurons in the brain degenerate, resulting in the appearance of motor and various non–motor symptoms. Lewy bodies are observed in the remaining neurons of the brain, which play an important role in neuronal degeneration. After that, there has been accumulating evidence that Lewy bodies are found in neurons of the peripheral autonomic system, resulting in the appearance of various autonomic symptoms. Cardiac meta–iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake on 123I–MIBG myocardial scintigraphy is reduced in patients with Lewy body disease, suggesting disturbance of the postganglionic sympathetic nerve in Lewy body disease. Postmortem studies have shown that the number of tyrosine hydroxylase–immunoreactive nerve fibers of the heart was decreased in pathologically–confirmed Lewy body disease, supporting the findings of the reduced cardiac MIBG uptake in Lewy body diseases. These clinical and pathological evidence have confirmed the involvement of the peripheral autonomic nervous system in Lewy body disease. Thus, the concept of “Lewy body disease is a systemic disease” has been established.
著者
荒井 延明 薄井 志保 纐纈 雄三
出版者
獣医疫学会
雑誌
獣医疫学雑誌 (ISSN:13432583)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.2, pp.126-134, 2012-12-20 (Released:2013-07-01)
参考文献数
32

本研究の目的は,犬のアトピー性皮膚炎(CAD)の臨床症状と発症年齢について記述疫学の手法で調べることであった。全国996の病院で獣医師によりCADと診断された2,338頭の犬の記録から,CADと性別,地区,飼料や飼育者の喫煙状態が評価された。回帰分析のBackward法を使い,有意が認められなかった変数(P>0.05)を除去した。CADの平均発症年齢は,2.56歳(0.05 SEM)であった。発症年齢が低くなることと関係があったのは,品種,避妊済みメス,同居動物が猫,主な飼育者が喫煙者であった(P<0.05)。臨床症状は,品種,メス,同居動物が猫,主な飼育者が喫煙者と関連があった(P<0.05)。この研究では,CADの臨床症状と発症年齢について品種,性別,飼育環境などとの関連があることを示唆した。
著者
伊藤 海斗 林 輝 加嶋 健司 加藤 政一
出版者
公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会
雑誌
計測自動制御学会論文集 (ISSN:04534654)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.12, pp.878-885, 2018 (Released:2018-12-18)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
2 1

The statistical property of wind power fluctuation, which does not fit to the normal distribution because of its high probability of the extremal outlier, is regarded as a source of severe damage to power systems. In view of this, the authors have proposed an evaluation method for the impact of wind power fluctuation on power system quality, assuming that this heavy-tailed uncertainty obeys a power-law. In this paper, we first examine the validity of this assumption based on real data of frequency deviation under wind power interconnection. Then, the evaluation method is improved by extending theoretical results, and is applied to analysis of load frequency control model to verify its advantage over Monte Carlo methods.
著者
樋口 雄三
出版者
International Society of Life Information Science
雑誌
国際生命情報科学会誌 (ISSN:13419226)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.2, pp.387-390, 2003-09-01 (Released:2019-05-03)
参考文献数
9

最近、ようやく気功が広く知られるようになり、大学病院でも気功を取り入れて治療をしているところが現れている。気功には多くの功法があるが、自分で練功した場合は、アドレナリン、ノルアドレナリン、コルチゾールなどが40分間の錬功直後に減少し、ナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞活性、インターロイキン(IL)-2などが増加した。これらのことから交感神経活動水準が低下し、ストレスが緩解し、免疫能が向上することが明らかとなった。また、外気治療においては患者のNK細胞活性は治療直後にやや減少し、40分後に増加した。遠隔治療においても同様な傾向が認められた。著明な効果を現す気功師の多くは、霊的エネルギーを利用しており、今後、スピリチュアルヒーリングの解明が課題である。
著者
小川 佳万
出版者
日本比較教育学会
雑誌
比較教育学研究 (ISSN:09166785)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1994, no.20, pp.93-104,215, 1994-07-01 (Released:2011-01-27)
被引用文献数
1

This paper deals with Chinese higher education policies for minorities focusing on the mechanisms of “preference” and “control.” The findings are as follows: First, the Chinese government established “Institutes of Nationalities”(Minzu Xueyuan) for the training of minorities' cadres. These “Institutes of Nationalities” originated with “Liberation Area-Type Colleges”, which put an emphasis on political-ideological education.Second, Chinese higher education policies for minorities are characterized as “preference.” Many of preferential policies have been instituted thus far, such as special treatments for minorities in the admission procedures and campus life of the “Institutes of Nationalities.”
著者
坂口 美優 赤坂 郁美
出版者
The Association of Japanese Geographers
雑誌
日本地理学会発表要旨集
巻号頁・発行日
pp.101, 2014 (Released:2014-10-01)

ヒートアイランド現象を緩和する効果があるとして、都市内緑地の熱環境改善効果に期待が高まっている。都市内の緑地では、樹木による日光遮蔽効果や葉面からの蒸散作用で周辺市街地よりも気温が数℃低くなる。これはクールアイランド現象と呼ばれ、成田ほか(2004)によって新宿御苑とその周辺市街地では夏季日中には約2℃、夜間は日によって変化があるものの1~3℃の差が現れることが明らかになった。また、静穏な夜間に芝生面からの放射冷却などで生み出された冷気が周辺市街地へと流れ出る「にじみ出し現象」の存在が丸田(1972)によって指摘されている。緑地内で低温域を作り出すのは樹林地及び水面である(尹ほか,1998)。そのため、水面の面積が大きいほど周囲の温度を下げる効果が大きいと考えられる。そこで、本研究では都市部の公園の中でも公園全体の面積に対し池の割合が大きい石神井公園とその周辺市街地で気温の観測を行い、クールアイランド現象やにじみ出しによる冷気の到達範囲を明らかにする。東京都練馬区の都立石神井公園(面積約22.5ha)において観測を行う。園内には三宝寺池(面積約3.2ha)と石神井池(面積約4ha)の2つの池がある。 公園内13か所(図1のA~M)と公園外市街地2か所(図内三角形の印)に温度・湿度データロガー(T&D社TR72-U)を設置し、2014年8月から1か月間の定点観測を行う。公園をほぼ南北方向に横切りその延長上の市街地を含むルート(図1に示すルート1,2)と、公園を東西に分けている道路(井草通り:図中ルート3)上と、公園の西端・東端からそれぞれ150m・200mの道路(図中ルート4,5)において気温の移動観測を夜間に行い、冷気のにじみ出し効果の範囲を調査する。また、日中にも公園内の冷気が周辺市街地に影響を及ぼしているかどうかも調査するため、日中にも気温の移動観測を行う。観測の際の移動は夜間は自動車、日中は徒歩で行う。夜間に公園と市街地の境界地点3か所(図1内星印)に熱線式風速計を設置し、風速の観測を行う。風向については夜間の気温移動観測時に観測を行う。予備観測として、2014年6月2日に図1のルート1において日中に徒歩での移動観測を行った。17時の地点3から16の各地点の気温を図2上に示す。気温の最高値は南側の市街地内地点13の31.3℃で、最低値は公園内地点9の29.1℃であった。公園内は市街地に比べ気温が低く、クールアイランドを形成していることがわかる。観測を行った16時30分から17時30分には南風と南東の風が卓越しており、公園北側の市街地内の気温が南側より低かった原因の1つと考えられる。また、地点4~6の西側は住宅地であるが、東側は松の風公園という緑地であるため、その冷却効果の影響も受けている可能性がある。また、夜間の自動車での移動観測を2014年7月6日に行った。19時40分のルート1・ルート3の各地点の気温を図2中・下に示す。ルート1で公園外北側の地点7と8で最も低温となっている以外は6月2日の徒歩での観測結果と類似した特徴を示しており、公園北側には団地内の緑地の影響とみられる低温帯が形成されている。ルート3においては公園に面している地点での低温帯の形成が確認できる。8月における本調査の結果は、発表にて述べる。