著者
田中 通裕 Michihiro Tanaka
雑誌
法と政治 (ISSN:02880709)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.4, pp.173(1872)-195(1850), 2012-01-20
著者
大村はま著
出版者
筑摩書房
巻号頁・発行日
1996
著者
松田 正彦 縄田 栄治
出版者
Japanese Society for Tropical Agriculture
雑誌
熱帯農業 (ISSN:00215260)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.4, pp.247-258, 2002-12-01 (Released:2010-03-19)
参考文献数
22

ベトナム北部の紅河デルタと山地部において, タロイモ数種の利用と栽培について調査した.その現状や変化を農業生態・社会・経済的な側面から考察し, また, 異なる生態地域間での比較をおこなった.さらに, 収集した30系統のタロイモについては, 形態・倍数性・リボゾームDNAにおける制限酵素断片長多型 (RFLP) の調査から遺伝的変異を明らかにした.本研究ではColocasia esculenta var. esculenta, C.esculenta var. aquatilis, C.gigantea, Xanthosoma sagittifolium, X.violaceum, Alocasia macrorhizaおよびA. odoraが観察された.デルタの調査地では C. esculenta var. aquatilis (2n=2x=28) が灌漑水路脇や池の周囲に頻繁に群生しており, その葉柄や匍匐枝は野菜やブタの飼料として利用されていた.このvar. aquatilisはデルタの農業生態系で機能していることがわかったが, 近年, 水路や池の舗装や飼料の多様化などにより、その重要度が低下していた.C. esculenta var. esculenta (2n=2x, 3x=28, 42) はデルタでは商品作物として栽培され, 一方, 山地部では自給用に焼畑で栽培されていた.リボゾームDNAのRFLP分析より, デルタ地域あるいは山地部の調査地内ではそれぞれ遺伝的に近縁なvar. esculentaの品種がみられた.しかし, 両地域に分布する近縁な品種はみられなかった.この分布の傾向は, アジアにおけるC. esculentaの複数の伝播経路がこの地域に影響した結果と考えられた.Xanthosoma spp. (2n=26) はすべての調査地に分布し, その利用や栽培に類似性がみとめられた.収集したXanthosoma系統も遺伝的に均一であった.Colocasia gigantea (2n=28) もそれほど頻繁ではないが野菜として広く複数の調査地に分布していた.Alocasia odoya (2n=28) は薬用として用いられ, A. macyoyyhizaは山地部でブタの飼料として頻繁に採集されていた.
著者
宮田 章裕 松岡 寿延 岡野 真一 山田 節夫 石打 智美 荒川 則泰 加藤 泰久
出版者
一般社団法人情報処理学会
雑誌
情報処理学会論文誌 (ISSN:18827764)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.12, pp.4041-4050, 2007-12-15
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
7

本研究では,ブログ記事を取り巻く人々のインタラクションの様子「反響特性」を利用したブログ記事検索手法を提案する.ブログ記事は被リンク数が非常に少ない等,従来のWeb ページとは異なった性質を持つため,既存の検索手法が提示する記事を人間が読んでも有用と感じられない場合がある.また,既存検索手法は大衆から注目を集めている情報の提示に重点を置いているため,個々の閲覧目的に応じた記事を提示することができない.そこで本研究では,ブログ記事の書き手・読み手の行動は記事に対する人間の判断を反映しているという仮説に基づき,彼らのインタラクション情報を多面的に分析して「広さ,強さ,速さ,長さ」からなる多次元指標「反響特性」を定義する.この反響特性を用いることによって,「幅広い人から関心を集めている記事」や「長期間関心を集め続けている記事」というように,人間が実際に読んで有用と感じられる記事の多面的な観点から検索することが可能になる.提案手法が有用な記事を提示できるか検証実験を行ったところ,既存手法よりもユーザの満足度が高くなるという結果が得られ,提案手法に一定の有効性が確認できた.We present a method of searching blog entries that takes into account the response derived from the interaction of the blogger and readers. Here, response is composed of width, strength, speed, and length. These indicators enable users to find entries in which many readers are interested, in which a small group has an enthusiastic interest, in which a few members are chatting at intervals of a few seconds, and in which many readers have shown interest over a long period. An experiment conducted with a prototype system is presented. For a particular situation (searching movie reviews), our method has shown better results than an existing blog search service.
著者
佐治 信忠 佐藤 吉哉
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1383, pp.40-42, 2007-03-19

問 サッポロホールディングスが米系投資ファンドから買収を仕掛けられています。サントリーの名前も取りざたされていますね。 答 サッポロさんの場合、東京・恵比寿に土地をお持ちで、ファンドの興味はそこにあるのでしょう。ビール事業でなく、不動産だけ欲しいという人ばかりだから、サッポロさんも「はい、そうですか」と言うわけにいかないと思います。
著者
田中 拓道
出版者
経済学史学会
雑誌
経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.1, pp.20-34, 2010-07-26

The purpose of this article is to examine the changes in the role played by the government in the market according to the theories of the French political economy from the 1780s to the 1830s. These theories are generally regarded as the precursors of "economics." This article reveals that these theories attempt to use the market politically aiming to develop the people's "well-being" or "happiness," and to redefine the government's role in the market. At the beginning of nineteenth century, J. B. Say and C. Dunoyer emphasized the political significance of a free industrial market. According to them, it enables the people's "moeurs" to be independent and self-disciplined, so as to establish a post-revolutionary political order. Some contemporary political economists such as J. Droz and M. T. Duchatel doubted the compatibility between the accumulation of wealth and the development of "happiness" of the people. They asserted the need for elementary education as it leads to the redistribution of "new wealth." Moreover, social economists from the 1830s, such as A. de Villeneuve-Bargemont and E. Buret, emphatically discussed the perverse effect of industrialization, stating that the concentration of capital inevitably caused the pauperization of most of the people. They believed that the new role of the government should be the "moralization" of the poor through the organization of intermediate groups such as religious associations, saving associations, charity groups, mutual societies, and patriarchal families.
著者
太田 信義
出版者
一般社団法人日本物理学会
雑誌
日本物理學會誌 (ISSN:00290181)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.8, pp.616-623, 2005-08-05

標準的な宇宙模型によれば, ビッグバン後の宇宙初期にはインフレーションと呼ばれる大きな宇宙膨張の時期があったと考えられている.この振舞は一般相対論と素粒子の理論を用いて説明されるべきものと考えられるが, 超弦理論あるいはその現代版であるM理論ではそのような振舞は許されないという禁止定理がある.本稿では, インフレーションの概略をまとめた後, この禁止定理はどのようなものかを説明し, それを乗り越えて最近進展したインフレーション宇宙の現状について解説したい.
著者
林 巳奈夫
出版者
京都大學人文科學研究所
雑誌
東方學報 (ISSN:03042448)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, pp.1-70, 1970-03-31
著者
渕上 恭子
出版者
慶應義塾大学
雑誌
哲學 (ISSN:05632099)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.119, pp.337-372, 2008-03

第2部 民俗宗教から観光研究まで投稿論文序「シバジ」 : 韓国の代理出産母のルーツI. 「シバジ」の民族誌 : 映画『シバジ』にみる朝鮮時代の代理母出産と祈子習俗II. 「シバジ」の身分層形成の時代背景 1. 父系血統主義 : 血筋のよい「借り腹」としての「世襲シバジ」 2. 「七出三不去」の礼法 : 女性に対する儒教教化と両班に対する離婚抑制策 3. 「庶孽禁固」 : 両班の妾の子孫達に対する差別III. 韓国朝鮮の文献史料にみる「シバジ」 1. 「シバジ夫人」 : 韓国の代理母出産研究の先駆 2. 朝鮮時代後期の実学派にみる「シバジ」研究の系譜 : 男尊思想の定着による祈子習俗の浸透IV. 「現代版シバジ」の群像 : 生殖技術の発達による「シバジ」の変貌おわりに 韓国の代理母出産問題の根源を探る「シバジ」研究'Ssi-baji' means, literally a 'womb for rent', so-called a 'surro-gate mother'. In Chosun era (1392-1910), because of Confucian morals, it had been regarded as the most important obligation toward ancestors to give birth to the son to carry on the paternal family line. The 'yang-ban' (the governing classes in Chosun era) nobleman who had not been blessed with his male heir to hold the Confucian service for his ancestors employed a 'ssi-baji' woman to have sexual relations with him on behalf of his lawful wife unable to conceive in order to make her bear his son. She had secretly borne a baby boy in order to hand over it to him after giving birth, pretending that his lawful wife had borne his son. A 'ssi-baji' woman who was a surrogate mother giving birth to a male heir "by profession" for a respectful 'yang-ban' family got a lot of reward such as arable land when she had borne a baby boy. However, she could not get anything but a bite of grain as the expenses for bringing up her child if she had borne a baby girl. The baby girl was taken home together with her and her daughter also became a 'ssi-baji' woman like as her mother. The social status and occupation of a 'ssi-baji' woman had been succeeded by the maternal line, and 'ssi-baji' women who rent out their wombs to live had been actually existing until before the liberation from Japanese colonial rule. In my paper I'll examine the historical backgrounds that a 'ssi-baji' woman who was not a secondary wife but a professional surrogate mother giving birth to a male heir had been needed among respectful childless 'yang-ban' families in Chosun era. In the age of Chosun-Dynasty, it was actually impossible for respectful 'yang-ban' family member to divorce or keep a mistress even though his lawful wife was unable to give birth to a son be-cause of the reputation of his family. In those days the descend-ant whose mother was a mistress had been prohibited from holding a government post even if his father was a 'yang-ban' noble-man. It was no use keeping a mistress in order to obtain his son, for his descendants from the illegitimate would have no chance of success in 'yang-ban' society. Therefore, in the 'yang-ban' society in Chosun era that paternal line had been highly estimated, a 'ssi-baji' woman of noble descendent blood whose biological father was a 'yang-ban' nobleman and whose origin didn't surface was suitable for a surrogate mother of a respectful 'yang-ban' family's male heir. Although the class system in Chosun Dynasty was officially abolished in 1894, a 'ssi-baji' woman, as a means of obtaining son, didn't actually disappear in Korea where 'son-preference' due to Confucian tradition since Chosun era had been deeply rooted. Since 1950s infertility treatments such as artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization have been introduced in Korea, gestational surrogacy with these infertility treatments have come to be carried out by a surrogate mother so-called 'a present-day ssi-baji' woman, in place of a former 'ssi-baji' in Chosun era. The technology of infertility treatments have made it possible to conceive without sexual intercourse, and recently highly developed assisted reproductive technologies have made it also possible to 'rent' only a womb in order to bear a baby boy with sex-selection technology of IVF (in vitro fertilization) surrogacy. The development of assisted reproductive technologies has made a former 'ssi-baji' woman in Chosun era change into 'a present-day ssi-baji' to rent her womb and bear a baby boy which is not related to her by blood, a literal 'womb for rent', which has been causing serious bio-ethical problems on surrogate mother-hood in contemporary Korea. In my paper I'll study these bio-ethical problems on the 'ssi-baji' surrogate motherhood in contemporary Korea from the standpoint of ethnology.