著者
石井 菊次郎
出版者
公益社団法人 日本化学会
雑誌
化学と教育 (ISSN:03862151)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.3, pp.202-203, 1999-03-20 (Released:2017-07-11)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
1
著者
齋藤 貴之
出版者
日本文化人類学会
雑誌
文化人類学 (ISSN:13490648)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.1, pp.1-20, 2005-06-30 (Released:2017-09-25)

本稿は、野鍛冶の現状から野鍛冶の生存に不可欠な要素を見出し、それをもとに今後の野鍛冶の生存戦略を提示することを目的とする。野鍛冶とは、1つの地域に1軒、あるいは1つの集落に1軒というほど数多く存在し、さまざまな鉄製品を製作・修理し、人びとの暮らしに深い関わりを持つ鍛冶屋である。野鍛冶製品が工業製品に取って代わられ、野鍛冶の姿を見ることもほとんどなくなってしまった現在にあっても、その利用者との関係は失われることなく、人びとの暮らしとともに野鍛冶は生き続けている。厳しい状況の中で、野鍛冶はさまざまな方法を駆使して変化に対応し、生き残りを図っているのである。本稿が対象とする野鍛冶は、平成14年(2002)から平成15年(2003)年にかけて、計3回にわたって行った秋田県内全69市町村を対象とした調査で確認された27軒の野鍛冶である。これらは、多くの野鍛冶が次々と姿を消す中で生き残ってきた野鍛冶であり、現在の営業の中にさまざまな生存戦略を見ることができる。そして、それらの生存戦略から、野鍛冶の生存に必要不可欠な要素として、「生じた変化を活用し、利用する」、「新たな営業基盤を獲得する」、そして「野鍛冶本来の役割を果たす」の3つを導き出すことができる。現在、これらの要素を満たし、順調に営業を続ける5軒の野鍛冶は、農・林・漁業従事者や周辺地域の住民といった従来の利用者に代わる利用者を獲得し、新たな営業基盤を築き、これまで主としてきた周辺地域の人びとを相手にした製品を従とする営業形態を確立していることがわかる。したがって、本稿は、野鍛冶の製品を必要としている人びとを独自に見出し、その注文や要求に応じた製品を作り出し、またその反応に応じた試行と改良を積み重ねることで、これまで周辺地城の人びととの間にあったものと同様の信頼関係を新たな利用者との間に築き、維持していくことを今後の野鍛冶の生存戦略として提示する。
著者
藤井 里咲 井本 佐保里 柳澤 壮一郎 西出 和彦
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, no.757, pp.547-556, 2019 (Released:2019-03-30)
参考文献数
7

1. Background and purpose of the research Recently many companies and universities build and hold their own childcare facilities. The purpose of this research is to investigate the process of establishment and the method of management of childcare facilities at universities. 2. Methodology of the survey This research consists of three contents. 1) The literature survey about the background and history of childcare centers in Japan 2) The literature and Internet survey about the establishment situation of childcare facilities at universities 3) The interview survey about the methods of childcare and management at each university 3. Summary of the research 1) There were two types of childcare centers - nursery and daycare center. However, since 1960s, several types of childcare facilities have been established by various demands of childcare services. 2) The literature and Internet research show that not only employer-provided childcare service but also seven more types of childcare services currently exist at universities. 3) The interview survey shows that childcare services at universities can be further classified into five types depending on the management methods as explained below and in Table 4: Authorized Type 1: The university only provides the site but social welfare corporation builds the facility at the site of the university and manages the childcare policy. Since this type of childcare facility is run by an organization of the community, the centers accept both children of the community and the university staff and teachers. Authorized Type 2: The government and the university build the facility. The purpose of this facility is to provide not only childcare but also a new educational program. Therefore, the university manages the facility and government supports operating expenses. Unauthorized Type 1: The university holds all rights of management and administration of the childcare facilities. Therefore, the university can plan the facilities based on the childcare policy of its own even by adopting the childcare workers' suggestion. However, childcare workers have to be engaged in the management in addition to daily childcare services. Unauthorized Type 2: The university holds the right of management but outsources the childcare service to an outside specialty organization. The survey shows this type is the most pervasive and reasonable planning method for universities. However, childcare workers are obliged to adapt to the facility even if the design of the facility is sometimes not suitable for the childcare policy; for instance, problems lie in the line of flow of the childcare workers and the design of the rooms. Unauthorized Type 3: The university builds the facility and PTA manages the facility. The problem of this type is that the member of PTA changes to the graduation of the child. 4. Conclusion The survey shows that even one organization - a university - has various types of childcare facilities. This result suggests that universities and other organizations have various alternatives to establish childcare facilities in the future.
著者
籔谷 祐介
出版者
一般社団法人 日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会技術報告集 (ISSN:13419463)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.69, pp.1054-1059, 2022-06-20 (Released:2022-06-20)
参考文献数
15

In this study, a questionnaire survey of students participating in group work was conducted in order to gain knowledge for effective planning and management of online group work in university education. As a result, the group work members were divided into three types in order of their contribution: proactive leader type, supporter type, and follower type. Many members of the proactive leader type and supporter type rated both the maturity of the group and the contribution of the individual highly, while the follower type had various ratings for the group and low ratings for the individual.
著者
Taisuke Konno Hiroyuki Suzuki Hitoshi Nakamura Yuriko Murai
出版者
The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
雑誌
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.b22-00050, (Released:2022-06-29)
参考文献数
15

In veterinary medicine, various drugs are used on a daily basis. Using inappropriate medications poses health hazards to companion animals and humans; thus, assessing adverse events in veterinary medicine has great social significance but remains an untapped area of research. In this study, to promote the appropriate use of veterinary drugs and clarify common pharmaceutical issues in Japanese veterinary medicine, we analyzed information in the Veterinary Drug Side Effects Database (National Veterinary Assay Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan). We found that the number of reports has been increasing annually, including those on high-risk drugs, molecular-targeted drugs, and antibody-based drugs. The details of the reports were similar to those from the United States, including the misadministration of veterinary drugs to humans, improper drug management, and re-administering drugs with a history of side effects. Furthermore, 46.50% of all reports mentioned the administration of one or more drugs, with the highest number of concomitant drugs being 10. In addition, 37.78% of all reports described the use of drugs in manners deviating from the intended use indicated in the package insert. Therefore, to avoid adverse events, pharmacists may have to be involved in dispensing and aseptically preparing veterinary medicines and providing drug information and medication guidance. To optimize pharmacotherapy for ill companion animals, "veterinary pharmacy" and "veterinary medicine pharmacy" must be developed in line with clinical situations in Japan, while considering knowledge from countries that are advanced in terms of veterinary medicine.
著者
柿崎 憲 中林 寿文
出版者
日本デジタルゲーム学会
雑誌
デジタルゲーム学研究 (ISSN:18820913)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, no.1, pp.23-29, 2019 (Released:2021-07-01)

スマートフォンゲーム開発は、市場競争の激化とともに大規模化が進んでいるが開発期間は必ずしも 比例することはなく、開発はより困難になっている。投資回収には適切な製品品質が必須でありソフトウェア の信頼性評価は重要だが、スマートフォンゲーム開発における実践報告は多くはない。本稿ではスマートフ ォンゲーム開発で用いる信頼性評価指標が備える必要がある特徴を明らかにし、この特徴を備えた指標とし て信頼度成長曲線を用いた信頼性評価を実践した事例を報告する。