著者
三瓶 滋
出版者
国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構
雑誌
情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.1, pp.47-58, 1983 (Released:2012-09-28)

中小企業事業団では, 昭和57年10月より情報検索の機械化を開始し, 現在, 岩手, 静岡, 富山, 京都, 広島, 大分の6地域情報センターとオンラインで結んでいる。これにより情報活動の遅れていた中小企業において, (1)膨大な情報量の中から必要な情報の入手が簡単になった。(2)マクロな経済情報を初め, 産業・技術・経営・官庁情報などを全国共通で利用ができ, 中央の情報センターと地域情報センターにおいて情報収集を機能分担することが可能になった。本稿では, 中小企業情報検索システムの必要性と, システムの基本設計, 全体の概要, 今後の方向性などについて述べた。
著者
大隅 久
出版者
公益社団法人 精密工学会
雑誌
精密工学会誌 (ISSN:09120289)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.12, pp.1659-1662, 1997-12-05 (Released:2009-06-30)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
1
著者
Hirohisa Takano Ken-ichiro Inoue
出版者
日本毒性病理学会
雑誌
Journal of Toxicologic Pathology (ISSN:09149198)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.3, pp.193-199, 2017 (Released:2017-07-20)
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
28

Environmental changes are thought to be the main factor in the rapid increase and worsening of allergic diseases. While there have been significant changes in many environmental factors, including in environments such as residential, health and sanitation, food, and water/soil/atmospheric environments, the root of each of these changes is likely an increase in chemical substances. In fact, various environmental pollutants, such as air pollutants and chemical substances, have been shown to worsen various allergies in experimental studies. For example, diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), which are an agglomeration of particles and a wide array of chemical substances, aggravate asthma, primarily due to the principle organic chemical components of DEPs. In addition, environmental chemicals such as phthalate esters, which are commonly used as plasticizers in plastic products, also aggravate atopic dermatitis. It has also become evident that extremely small nanomaterials and Asian sand dust particles can enhance allergic inflammation. While the underlying mechanisms that cause such aggravation are becoming clearer at the cellular and molecular levels, methods to easily and quickly evaluate (screen) the ever-increasing amount of environmental pollutants for exacerbating effects on allergies are also under development. To eliminate and control allergic diseases, medical measures are necessary, but it is also essential to tackle this issue by ameliorating environmental changes.
著者
Naruya SAITOU Shayire SHOKAT
出版者
日本沙漠学会
雑誌
沙漠研究 (ISSN:09176985)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.4, pp.223-226, 2017 (Released:2017-05-04)
参考文献数
24

Family Camelidae includes Guanaco and Vicuna in South America and two-humped camels (Camelus bactrians and C. ferus) and one-humped camels (C. dromedarius) are distributed from Eurasia to Northern Africa. We reviewed studies on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA of camels. We collected 37 complete mitochondrial DNA sequences of Camelid including those of now extinct Camelops which distributed in North America from DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank International Nucleotide Sequence Database. Neighbor-joining trees were constructed for these sequences, and evolution of family Camelidae and genus Camelus are discussed with special reference to demographic changes of C. bactrians and C. dromedarius.
著者
マルティネス 真喜子 畑下 博世 鈴木 ひとみ Denise M. Saint Arnault 西出 りつ子 谷村 晋 石本 恭子
出版者
日本国際保健医療学会
雑誌
国際保健医療 (ISSN:09176543)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.2, pp.69-81, 2017-06-20 (Released:2017-07-14)
参考文献数
27

本研究では、ブラジル人妊産褥婦がデカセギ移民として生活する中で、どのような心身の健康状態を体験しているのか、それに相互に影響を及ぼす社会文化的要因を明らかにすることを目的とした。研究対象は、ブラジル人人口が多い2県に在住するブラジル人妊産褥婦18名であった。日本人研究者と、ポルトガル語通訳者が2人1組となり、対象者の自宅で、半構成的インタビューを行った。研究期間は2013年~2014年であった。インタビューは「ヘルプシーキングの文化的要因理論」を用いて実施した。データのコーディングとテーマ抽出は分析的エスノグラフィーを用い、コア・テーマを抽出した。  その結果、心身の症状は、「心配」と「背・肩の痛み」が最も多く、続いて「頭痛」、「いらいらする・怒りっぽい」、「不眠症・眠れない」、「不安」が多かった。それらの原因の説明として、妊娠・子育てによるもの、仕事や収入の不安、外国人であるがゆえのわずらわしさ、頼れる人がいないということを挙げていた。それらに影響を及ぼす社会文化的要因として、【対等で深く結びつく家族の存在】、【労働力でありつづける逞しさ】、【条件の良さを選んで定住】、【保健医療制度への低い満足度】、【宗教によりもたらされる恵み】の5つのコアカテゴリーが抽出された。  日本で生活するブラジル人妊産褥婦は様々な心身症状を体験しており、日本とは異なる家族のあり方や宗教が大きく影響していると考えられた。これらのことが健康に影響するということを理解し、ブラジル人妊産褥婦の適切な保健行動に導けるよう介入しなければならない。
著者
緒方 芳郎
出版者
The Japan Society for Oriental Medicine
雑誌
日本東洋醫學會誌 (ISSN:1884202X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.3, pp.223-225, 1980-01-30 (Released:2010-10-21)
参考文献数
4
著者
平井 潤 山岸 由佳 三鴨 廣繁
出版者
一般社団法人 日本内科学会
雑誌
日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.103, no.11, pp.2657-2665, 2014-11-10 (Released:2015-11-10)
参考文献数
20

カルバペネム耐性腸内細菌科細菌(carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae:CRE)はカルバペネム系抗菌薬に耐性を獲得した腸内細菌科細菌の総称で,ヒトの腸管に生息する腸内細菌が耐性を持つという点が重要である.ほとんどの耐性遺伝子がプラスミド伝播性であるため,他の細菌や種を超えて薬剤耐性が伝播する可能性があり,治療には多剤耐性菌用の薬剤であるチゲサイクリンやコリスチンの使用が必要な症例もある.現時点では本邦での検出頻度は低いが,アウトブレイク事例も認めるため,今後の動向には注意する.
著者
Yoshinao HOSAKA Sachiko OZOE Rikio KIRISAWA Hiromi UEDA Kazushige TAKEHANA Mamoru YAMAGUCHI
出版者
バイオメディカルリサーチプレス
雑誌
Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.5, pp.233-241, 2006 (Released:2006-11-13)
参考文献数
46
被引用文献数
11 20

The aim of this study was to clarify whether matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and -9: gelatinases) and pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and interleukin (IL)-1β] are induced by heat in tendon tissue in vitro and to test the hypothesis that heat exposure causes tendinocytes to synthesize pro-inflammatory cytokines and that synthesis of these cytokines, in turn, leads to up-regulation of synthesis of gelatinases. Isolated tendinocytes from equine superficial digital flexor tendons were cultured and all experiments were performed on cells passaged 3 or 4 times. In the cells exposed to heat (37 to 45°C, 0 to 60 min), the survival rate decreased sharply in a temperature- and time-dependent manner, especially at 42 and 45°C. Cells exposed at 40°C, however, showed little change in survival rate and morphology. Gelatin zymograms revealed that proMMP-2 and -9 were the only two MMPs remaining in the supernatant of the cultured tendinocytes, including that of untreated cells. Addition of TNFα and IL-1β to the culture medium of tendinocytes accelerated proMMP-9 synthesis considerably. Heating the tendinocytes (40°C) led to a three-fold increase in proMMP-9 synthesis in a short time. Only TNFα was detected in tendinocytes after heat exposure for 30 and 60 min. In contrast, IL-1β was under the detectable level in ELISA. Cooling of heat-exposed cells from 40°C to 37°C considerably down-regulated cellular proMMP-9 synthesis. Furthermore, proMMP-9 level was greatly reduced in cells treated at lower temperatures, 20°C and 5°C. These findings support our hypothesis that hyperthermia in the horse tendon induces tendinocytes to synthesize pro-inflammatory cytokines and that the synthesis of these cytokines results in the up-regulation of gelatinases.
著者
野垣内 菜穂 笹野 恵理子
出版者
日本学校音楽教育実践学会
雑誌
学校音楽教育研究 (ISSN:13429043)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, pp.25-36, 2012-03-31 (Released:2017-04-24)

The purpose of this paper is to show the process of how students construct their extracurricular music activities. Students at school play or listen to music not only in classrooms but also at after school club activities. Using ethnography as the method, this paper will focus on high school students in popular (band) music clubs and find out how they construct their music activities. The followings are the points that have been shown in this paper. 1) When students construct and maintain their music activities at a popular music club, two contexts operate, "self-achievement of music goals" and "achievement of human relationships". Music club activities can be classified into four sections from the crossing of these two axes. 2) "Achievement of human relationships" is the key to construct and maintain music activities. It was difficult to continue playing music when concentrating on one's self-achievement. In order to construct and maintain the music activity, it was essential for students to make good relationship with other members. 3) When constructing and maintaining music activity, girls attach importance to constructing human relationships whereas boys have strong need for achievement in playing music and becoming more skillful, Girls also tend to play music not only for improving their skills but use music as a way to build relationship with others. 4) The result suggests that group formation would be a major key for successful music activities in school music education. We should not ignore the fact that human relationship plays an important role when actually constructing and maintaining music activity. In other words, forming groups of individual acting separately would not work. Group formation should be based on each individual's meaningful choice and each individual should be able to attach meaning to the group itself. Successful human relationship is the key for construction and maintaining music activities.
著者
Tsukasa Kurahashi Miki Kitagawa Takashi Matsukubo
出版者
東京歯科大学
雑誌
The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College (ISSN:00408891)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.2, pp.85-94, 2017 (Released:2017-07-19)
参考文献数
63
被引用文献数
1

The purpose of this study was to identify which factors were associated with number of present teeth (PT) in older adults as their clarification might contribute to maintaining the number of PT in this population. These factors were investigated by means of a questionnaire on oral health condition, general health behavior, and anamnesis of diabetes mellitus together with a dental examination. Data were obtained from a total of 7,741 Japanese subjects (2,623 males and 5,118 females), all of whom were aged 40, 50, or 60 years. Significant differences were observed in the mean number of PT between a positive or negative response to questions on anamnesis of diabetes mellitus, current smoking, and having loose teeth in all age groups in males; significant differences were also observed for current smoking, lower intake of dairy milk products, having loose teeth, no experience of tooth brushing instruction, and poor oral hygiene status in all age groups in females. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed having loose teeth (odds ratio [OR], 1.82), gingival swelling (OR, 1.40), an anamnesis of diabetes mellitus (OR, 1.72), current smoking (OR, 1.86), lower intake of dairy milk products (OR, 1.22), preference for salty seasonings (OR, 1.23), frequent sweet intake (OR, 1.29), no experience of tooth brushing instruction (OR, 1.38), and poor oral hygiene (OR, 2.04) as significant risk factors for the number of PT being <24 after adjusting for age and sex. These results indicate that an anamnesis of diabetes mellitus, a history of smoking, the presence of loose teeth, and poor oral hygiene status in a self-reported evaluation of oral health might correlate with <24 PT in older adults.
著者
Kenichiro Sato Noritoshi Arai Aki Omori-Mitsue Ayumi Hida Akio Kimura Sousuke Takeuchi
出版者
一般社団法人 日本内科学会
雑誌
Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.8394-16, (Released:2017-08-01)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
5

Objective To identify the prehospital factors predicting the performance of tracheal intubation (TI) at the emergency department (ED) in patients with convulsive seizure or epilepsy. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of seizure patients who underwent TI at the ED soon after arrival. The clinical variables obtained in the prehospital setting were reviewed. Patients The study population included consecutive adult patients who were transported to an urban tertiary care ED due to convulsive seizure between August 2010 and September 2015. Results Among the 822 eligible patients, 59 patients (7.2%) underwent TI at the ED. Four independent prehospital predictors were identified using multivariate analysis: age ≥50 years (+1 point), meeting the definition of convulsive status epilepticus (+4 points), and an on-scene heart rate of ≥120 bpm (+1 point) led to a higher likelihood of TI, while a higher on-scene (alert or confused) level of consciousness (-3 points) led to a lower likelihood of TI. The derived prediction rule (the sum of all points) had good predictive performance with an area under the curve of 0.88 (95% confidence interval: 0.79-0.97), a sensitivity of 0.62, a specificity of 0.91, and a positive likelihood ratio of 10.6, when the cut-off value was set to 5 points. Conclusion We constructed a simple prehospital prediction rule to help predict the need for TI in seizure patients, even in the prehospital phase. This may possibly lead to the more effective management of seizure patients in the ED.

2 0 0 0 OA 私の仕事流儀

著者
小林 長夫
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.6, pp.507-509, 2016 (Released:2016-06-01)
参考文献数
11

動植物中には多くの機能中心として金属ポルフィリンが存在し、又類縁体である人工のフタロシアニンは多方面で応用され“機能性色素の王様”と呼ばれるにふさわしい化合物である。機能にはしばしば色が関係しており、色は更に吸収スペクトルと関係している。ポルフィリン類の幾何構造と分光学的データからそれらの相関を理論的に解釈し、未知ポルフィリン色素をデザインする際の指針とする事を目指した。
著者
益崎 裕章 小塚 智沙代 屋比久 浩市
出版者
日本臨床麻酔学会
雑誌
日本臨床麻酔学会誌 (ISSN:02854945)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.5, pp.665-674, 2012 (Released:2012-11-13)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
1 1

世界に冠たる長寿の島,沖縄が日本屈指の肥満県,糖尿病県に転じ,平均寿命の凋落が続いている(沖縄危機).軽度肥満の段階から糖尿病発症リスクは7倍に上昇することが知られており,過剰な脂肪組織の前には生活習慣の地道な改善努力も虚しいものとなる.人類が誕生してから今日までの歴史を1年に置き換えたカレンダーの中で “飽食の時代” は最近のわずか3分間の出来事である.人類の祖先は繰り返す寒冷と飢餓,旱魃を生き抜くため栄養や塩分が得られるときに蓄えて逃さない仕組みを構築してきた.生命の知恵の結晶ともいえる省エネ・倹約体質が,今日の飽食・高塩分・運動不足・ストレス社会でメタボリックシンドローム急増の基盤となっている.