著者
足立 浩基 埴淵 知哉 永田 彰平 天笠 志保 井上 茂 中谷 友樹
出版者
日本運動疫学会
雑誌
運動疫学研究 (ISSN:13475827)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2018, (Released:2021-02-03)

目的:本研究では,iPhoneのヘルスケアアプリのスクリーンショット画像から日常生活上の歩数を得る遡及的調査方法を開発した。インターネット調査を利用し,COVID-19の緊急事態宣言下での歩数変化を例として本調査方法の実用性の検討を本研究の目的とした。 方法:調査会社の登録モニター集団から日本全国に居住する20~69歳のiPhoneの日常的利用者1,200名を抽出し,過去3カ月間のスクリーンショット画像を回収した。画像解析により歩数を読み取るツールを開発し,2020年2月中旬から5月中旬までの平均歩数の推移のデータを取得した。固定効果モデルを用いて緊急事態宣言前後の歩数変化を地域別・性・年齢階級別に推定した。 結果:約79.9%の画像が歩数データの計測に利用可能であった。エラーの要因は操作ミスや画像の低解像度化であり,調査事前に対策し得るものであった。分析の結果,1日あたりの平均歩数が緊急事態宣言後に減少していると推定され,首都圏における先行研究と整合する結果を得た。さらに地域および性・年齢階級による違いを観察し,三大都市圏20代の男性は約2,712歩減,女性は約2,663歩減と最も顕著な減少を確認した。 結論:インターネット調査でスクリーンショット画像を回収し,画像から歩数を読み取る方法は,歩数から推測される身体活動の変化を遡及的かつ客観的に把握する有用な方法として期待される。
著者
佐藤 一光 吉弘 憲介
出版者
桃山学院大学総合研究所
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.4, pp.227-252, 2021-03-22

This paper proposes a money flow analysis to analyze the functioning oflocal government finances, in which transfers and transfers and fiscaladjustment in a region are captured in an integrated manner. Fiscaladjustment can be understood as the inflow and outflow of base money in aregion through taxes and subsidies. The reasons for the need to analyzefiscal adjustment and the regional economy in an integrated manner are: 1)the supply of fiscal services dependent on taxation autonomy may bedetrimental to the sustainability of the regional economy when the right toissue currency is limited, and 2) the development of monetary theory hasled to a shift in the analysis of regional money flows from short-term to Wefind not only an imbalance between supply and demand, but also arecognizable long-term, stable purchasing power, and 3) money flowadjustment in the local economy in FITs other than taxes and subsidies.We first examine the effects of transfers and fiscal adjustment in Japan’sprefectures. We find that the national tax burden undermines regionalpurchasing power, while subsidies support regional purchasing power.However, even after taking into account the effects of these fiscaladjustments, the results revealed significant excess money flow inflows, asin Tokyo, and excess money flow outflows, as observed in somemunicipalities. Although the analysis of money flows, such as commutingand financial transactions, remains inadequate, it confirms that Japan hasan economic structure with sustained or growing regional imbalances.We next analyze the money flows through the FIT in Japan bymunicipality. We found that the FIT has a significant impact on the moneyflows of municipalities, depending on the characteristics of each region,such as the regions with high and low renewable energy penetration, aswell as the regions with high and low electricity consumption. The inflowand outflow of money flows are shown on a map of Japan in order tovisually understand the regional characteristics. In addition, in assessingthe money flows in each municipality, we have represented the balance oftaxable income per capita and money flows in each municipality on themap. It is confirmed, however, that in some cases, depending on theprevalence of renewable energy and other factors, it is working in thedirection of strengthening the economic power gap between regions.Fiscal adjustment is a system of subsidies to local governments, fundedby national taxation, to cover the fiscal needs of a region. However, Japan’scurrent fiscal adjustment system is inadequate to redress regionaleconomic power disparities both in the short and long run. Our analysisshows that the institutional adjustment of interregional economic power,which is not based on taxes and subsidies, has the same function as thefiscal adjustment, and for FIT, we found that the promotion of renewableenergy has a function of interregional economic power adjustment, but it isnot uniform depending on the situation of local resources, etc.
著者
Kazuyuki Niki Maki Yasui Maika Iguchi Tomomi Isono Hiroto Kageyama Mikiko Ueda
出版者
The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
雑誌
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.2, pp.279-282, 2021-02-01 (Released:2021-02-01)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
1

Taking bitter-tasting drugs can be stressful for children who have underdeveloped swallowing skills and do not understand the meaning of medication. Furthermore, the senses of vision and smell are known to majorly influence taste. This pilot study was aimed at determining the effect of visual stimulation by immersive virtual reality (iVR) on taste and the safety of this approach for developing a new method to assist children with taking medication. Ten subjects participated in this study, and their mean (standard deviation (S.D.)) age was 21.8 (0.8) years. The subjects tasted the bitter aqueous solution (quinine 0.00375%) while viewing two different VR images (strawberry sponge cake and orange juice) alternately and received sensory tests immediately after the tasting and again 30 s later. In addition, nausea was assessed 30 s after tasting for each VR image. The primary endpoint was the difference in sensory test scores immediately after the tasting and 30 s later, between the two images. There were no significant differences in the sensory test scores between the placebo and either strawberry sponge cake or orange juice immediately after tasting. However, 30 s after tasting, the scores changed significantly to a tendency to perceive sweetness from the strawberry sponge cake and orange juice images compared with the placebo. No subject experienced nausea. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that displaying images of sweet foods by using iVR to stimulate visual perception could safely reduce the sense of bitterness.
著者
平田 光司 高岩 義信
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.293, pp.38-52, 2020 (Released:2021-01-24)

Inter-University Research Institutes (IURIs) are supposed to be shared properties of the researchers of corresponding disciplines. The Institute of Nuclear Study (INS) affiliated to the University of Tokyo was the first IURI equipped with large scientific facilities. A newly found set of records, collected and archived by Hiroo Kumagai, a former professor of INS, gives us new insights and interpretation of the history of the INS and its successors. INS was designed to be managed democratically on the sole basis of the common will of all nuclear physicists in Japan (the autonomy of the research community). It conflicted with the principle of the autonomy of the university. It is shown that the conflict of the two different kinds of autonomy was one of the motivations to create a new, larger physics institute, the Laboratory for High Energy Physics (KEK). Because of this historical background, KEK and other newer IURIs could provide “virtual” autonomy for researchers, though they are formally the institutes operated by the government.
著者
香月 孝史
出版者
The Kantoh Sociological Society
雑誌
年報社会学論集 (ISSN:09194363)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2009, no.22, pp.126-137, 2009-07-25 (Released:2013-03-28)
参考文献数
19

Today kabuki is considered as highbrow. This paper clarifies how the highbrow image was constructed, and shows that the image was not created by the specialists of kabuki. Since the Meiji era, kabuki had been criticized as vulgar and non-artistic. The highbrow image has been created by non-specialists who are unaware of the modern history of kabuki as a lowbrow culture. Now kabuki's highbrow and artistic image has spread widely being propagated by non-specialists. It is said that ‘popularization of highbrow culture’ has occurred in Japan. Non-specialists who are in the majority in Japan have created the image of kabuki as highbrow culture, but they do not have a habit of seeing kabuki in their daily life. It is important for ‘popularization’ of kabuki that the authorization of kabuki rests on those who are not regular viewers of kabuki.
著者
井口 哲弘 笠原 孝一 金村 在哲
出版者
日本腰痛学会
雑誌
日本腰痛学会雑誌 (ISSN:13459074)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.1, pp.85-91, 2005 (Released:2007-12-14)
参考文献数
21

腰痛に対する薬物療法(特にNSAIDs,筋弛緩薬,抗うつ薬)のEBMについてCochrane Reviewを中心に調査した.まずNSAIDsは急性腰痛に対して効果があるが消化器系合併症が問題となる.NSAIDs間の効果に違いはなく,鎮痛剤より効果があるかは中等度のエビデンスがあった.慢性腰痛に対する効果は証明されていないが,これは絶対的なRCT量の不足による可能性が強い.筋弛緩薬は急性腰痛に対して強いエビデンスがあるが,長期効果は証明されていない.検討された筋弛緩薬には非ベンゾジアゼピン系薬剤が多く,中枢神経系の副作用はプラセボの約2倍であった.慢性腰痛に対する抗うつ薬はプラセボと比較して,疼痛は軽減させるが日常生活の改善度は差がなく,抗うつ薬使用群は有意に眠気,口内乾燥感,フラツキなどの副作用が多い結果であった.欧米と本邦では薬剤そのものや,その分類法が異なり国際的な分類の統一と本邦独自のメタアナリシスが必要と思われた.

4 0 0 0 OA 雛形都風俗

著者
[西川祐信] [画]
出版者
谷村清兵衛[ほか2名]
巻号頁・発行日
1716

西川祐信画、小袖雛形本。半紙本4巻合2冊。墨摺、一部手彩色。正徳6年(1716)孟夏、京都・小林喜右衛門、西村理右衛門、谷村清兵衛刊。序題「雛形都風俗」、跋題「珍色ひいながた都風俗」。序跋とも執筆者不明。画工は推定。序に「なべて京女郎と諸国共に思はるゝは。物ごしと風俗なり。其風俗を粧ふ第一は小袖ぞかし。…依之今新に珍かなる模様を工夫し。染色を分集て雛形都風俗と題して。桜木にうつすものなり」とあるように、小袖模様を集めた雛形本である。各巻について、半丁ごとに付記された番号と見出しを示すと、第一(一番~二十六番)「御所風俗」「町女風俗」、第二(五十一番~七十四番)「けいせい風俗」「茶屋女風俗」、第三(七十五番~九十八番)「小性風俗」「町若衆風俗」、第四(九十九番~百二十)「野郎風俗」「風呂屋女風俗」のようになる。二十七番から五十番までの番号が飛んでいるが、おそらく欠損は、目録の「武家がたのもやう」に相当する1巻分であろう。絵は、所々に小袖姿の全身像を入れるが、多くは小袖形の全面を掲げ、友禅の色差し、墨絵、ぼかしの指示や、替えの家紋についての詞書きなどを添える。稀本で、他に完全な本の伝存することを聞かない。(鈴木淳)(2016.2)
著者
吉川 次郎 高久 雅生 芳鐘 冬樹
出版者
情報知識学会
雑誌
情報知識学会誌 (ISSN:09171436)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, no.1, pp.3-19, 2021-02-28 (Released:2021-03-26)
参考文献数
49
被引用文献数
2

Wikipedia 上の学術文献の参照記述の追加における持続可能性を明らかにするために時系列分析を行った.英語版全体での編集と参照記述の追加を比較した結果,両者は推移の特徴が異なり,参照記述の追加には伸び悩みが見られず近年においても一定の規模である.参照記述を追加する編集者は,2011 年以降は毎年4 月と11 月に多い点で周期的な特徴がある.参照記述を初めて追加した編集者(新規参加者) の過半数は,多くの年で1ヶ月のみ関与し,近年になるにつれてその傾向が強まっているが,近年でも一定の規模を維持している.周期的な特徴や新規参加者の規模の維持については,大学の授業を通じたWiki Education 参加者による影響が挙げられ,今後もこの活動が継続するとすれば,持続可能性は高いと考えられる.