著者

香川 めい 相澤 真一

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, pp.279-301, 2006-05-31 (Released:2011-03-18)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2 1

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The aim of this paper is to investigate when and how the meaning of high school diplomas changed during the era of educational expansion in two senses:(1) ubjective and (2) objective. More concretely, it examines:(1) how people recognized high school diplomas and (2) how high school diplomas functioned in the achievement of occupational and economic status. To examine these points, the authors focus on postwar Japan, when the high school enrollment rate rose dramatically under the new educational system. The data used in the analyses are Social Stratification and Social Mobility (SSM) data collected every ten years since 1955.Three cohorts, divided according to the high school enrollment rate, are compared. The high school enrollment rate is 50% to 65% among the first cohort, 66% to 89% for the second, and more than 90% for the third. The enrollment rate increased continuously during the first and second cohorts, so the former is named the “early phase” and the latter the “later phase.” The enrollment rate reaches a plateau in the third. “Desired educational level” and “desired occupation” are used in the analysis of subjective meaning. “Occupation of first job, ” “occupation of present job, ” and “present personal income” are used to clarify the meaning in an objective sense.The analysis of subjective meaning reveals the following. As the high schoolenrollment rate increased dramatically, the desired level of education rose with it. More people wanted to go on to higher level of education: high school and higher education. But the desired occupation of people who wanted to go to high school was almost the same for the early phase and later phase cohorts. However, the actual first jobs of high school graduates in the two cohorts were very different. Fewer people obtained white-collar jobs and more entered into blue-collar jobs in the latter cohort.Comparing present job and present personal income for each of the four data sets since 1965, the three cohorts can be characterized as follows. In the early phase, a relatively large number of people acquired white-collar jobs at an early stage of their occupational careers, and a substantive ratio maintained these jobs to 1995. In addition, personal income increased steadily as people of this cohort became older. On the other hand, a large number of people in the later phase cohort started working in blue-collar jobs. But as they got older, they seemed to move into different types of jobs. The personal income of this cohort increased dramatically in 1995. Therefore, it can be said that this cohort “caught up.” For the last cohort, however, there seemed to be little chance of upward mobility in either occupational or economic status.In sum, if only the function of high school diplomas is considered, the meaning of high school diplomas changed between the early and later phase. But if the “catching-up” of members of the later phase and the subjective meaning of high school diplomas is taken into account, there is little difference in how people recognize and value high school diplomas between first two cohorts. Therefore, a distinctive line can be drawn between the later phase and the next cohort (i. e., the plateau), when the premium of being a high school graduate diminished.

著者

白石 直

出版者

一般社団法人 ターボ機械協会

雑誌

ターボ機械 (ISSN:03858839)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.9, pp.518-525, 1997-09-10 (Released:2011-07-11)

参考文献数

5

著者

渡邉朝紀

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会誌 (ISSN:13405551)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.117, no.5, pp.289-292, 1997-04-20 (Released:2008-04-17)

参考文献数

3

著者

斉藤 恵太

出版者

公益財団法人 史学会

雑誌

史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.6, pp.1108-1132, 2011-06-20 (Released:2017-12-01)

著者

新 恵里

出版者

日本犯罪社会学会

雑誌

犯罪社会学研究 (ISSN:0386460X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.141-162, 2001 (Released:2017-03-30)

著者

金子 準二

出版者

昭和大学学士会

雑誌

昭和医学会雑誌 (ISSN:00374342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.1-16, 1939-08-25 (Released:2010-09-09)

著者

西内 啓

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.12, pp.799-811, 2017-03-01 (Released:2017-03-01)

参考文献数

2

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最速で最善の答えを導き出せると,統計学が今,注目を浴びている。しかしどのようなデータを,どう分析し,どう生かしていくか,明確にわかっている人は少ないのではないだろうか。そこでまず,偏りを避け客観的な結果を導くランダム化比較実験(ランダム化比較試験)や,日本の高品質生みの親・デミング博士のマネジメントの根幹となった統計学を紹介する。そして実践編として,リサーチデザインを駆使し,仕事に生かせるデータ分析の理想サイクルを作る方法を伝授する。

著者

草間 秀三郎

出版者

アメリカ学会

雑誌

アメリカ研究 (ISSN:03872815)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1993, no.27, pp.39-55, 1993-03-25 (Released:2010-10-28)

参考文献数

33

著者

新井 敏康

出版者

一般社団法人 日本数学会

雑誌

数学 (ISSN:0039470X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.113-126, 2005-04-26 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

著者

阿部 公彦

出版者

関西英語教育学会

雑誌

KELESジャーナル (ISSN:24238732)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.6-13, 2019 (Released:2020-04-25)

著者

玉那覇 彰子 向 真一郎 吉永 大夢 半田 瞳 金城 貴也 中谷 裕美子 仲地 学 金城 道男 長嶺 隆 中田 勝士 山本 以智人 亘 悠哉

出版者

日本哺乳類学会

雑誌

哺乳類科学 (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.203-209, 2017 (Released:2018-02-01)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

3

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沖縄島北部地域(やんばる地域)を東西に横断する県道2号線および県道70号線の一部区間は,希少な動物の生息地を通過する生活道路となっており,ロードキルの発生が問題となっている.この県道を調査ルートとして,2011年5月から2017年4月までの6年間,ほぼ毎日,絶滅危惧種のケナガネズミDiplothrix legataのルートセンサスを行い,生体や死体の発見場所を記録した.6年間の調査において,ケナガネズミの生体75件,ロードキル個体47件の合計122件の目撃位置情報を取得した.その記録に基づき,ヒートマップを利用して調査ルートにおけるケナガネズミのロードキル発生のリスクを表現することで,リスクマップを作製した.また,生体とロードキル個体の発見数からロードキル率を算出し,現在設定されているケナガネズミ交通事故防止重点区間(以下,重点区間とする)におけるロードキルの発生状況を評価した.リスクマップと重点区間を照合すると,交通事故リスクの高いエリアのいくつかが,重点区間の範囲外にあることが明らかになった.また,重点区間のロードキル率は他の区間と同様のレベルであった.本研究で提示したリスクマップやケナガネズミの行動記録を活用することで,より現実の状況に即した取り組みの展開が可能になると期待される.

著者

堀畑 聡 新家 光雄 野崎 隆宏 赤堀 俊和 鈴木 亨 曽根 圭司 庭田 俊一 福田 徳久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集C編 (ISSN:18848354)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.803, pp.2240-2249, 2013 (Released:2013-07-25)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

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Traditionally, the metal mouthpieces of trumpets have been generally made of brass. However, for musicians who suffer from metal allergies, the use of the mouthpiece sometimes lead to inflammation of the lip if they are taking part in a long performance. This problem can be solved by using allergy-free pure titanium (titanium) and its alloys as the material for the mouthpiece. Therefore, a titanium alloy composed of non-toxic and allergy free elements has been designed. However, because their heat conductivity is generally poor, and they contain α phase with its HCP (hexagonal closed packed structure having structure, which restrict slip systems, forming them into suitable shapes can be very difficult. Therefore, precision casting method, where only final finishing was conducted by machining, applied for fabricating the mouthpieces of trumpets. Important considerations for use in musical instruments are the material characteristics and the sound characteristics of mouthpieces made of titanium alloy. Research on the material characteristics of titanium alloy mouthpieces is currently being undertaken. On the other hand, the sound characteristics of mouthpieces made of titanium alloy have not been examined sufficiently. In this study, the sound and the vibration characteristics of two kinds of mouthpieces made of titanium and Ti-Nb was examined. The adaptability of these materials for use in mouthpieces of trumpets was discussed by comparing the sound characteristics of mouthpieces of trumpets made of titanium, Ti-Nb, and brass.

著者

末廣 健児 後藤 淳

出版者

関西理学療法学会

雑誌

関西理学療法 (ISSN:13469606)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.21-24, 2011 (Released:2012-01-06)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

1

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In physical therapy, we often encounter situations in which sensory disorders impede normal movement. Sensory information always accompanies movement, and normal movement cannot be achieved without sensory information. In this report, we describe the changes in movement caused by proprioceptive input in healthy persons and a post-stroke patient.

著者

Al Imran Malik Pasajee Kongsil Vũ Anh Nguyễn Wenjun Ou Sholihin Pao Srean MN Sheela Luis Augusto Becerra López-Lavalle Yoshinori Utsumi Cheng Lu Piya Kittipadakul Hữu Hỷ Nguyễn Hernan Ceballos Trọng Hiển Nguyễn Michael Selvaraj Gomez Pornsak Aiemnaka Ricardo Labarta Songbi Chen Suwaluk Amawan Sophearith Sok Laothao Youabee Motoaki Seki Hiroki Tokunaga Wenquan Wang Kaimian Li Hai Anh Nguyễn Văn Đồng Nguyễn Lê Huy Hàm Manabu Ishitani

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18180, (Released:2020-03-05)

被引用文献数

70

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In Asia, cassava (Manihot esculenta) is cultivated by more than 8 million farmers, driving the rural economy of many countries. The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), in partnership with national agricultural research institutes (NARIs), instigated breeding and agronomic research in Asia, 1983. The breeding program has successfully released high-yielding cultivars resulting in an average yield increase from 13.0 t ha–1 in 1996 to 21.3 t ha–1 in 2016, with significant economic benefits. Following the success in increasing yields, cassava breeding has turned its focus to higher-value traits, such as waxy cassava, to reach new market niches. More recently, building resistance to invasive pests and diseases has become a top priority due to the emergent threat of cassava mosaic disease (CMD). The agronomic research involves driving profitability with advanced technologies focusing on better agronomic management practices thereby maintaining sustainable production systems. Remote sensing technologies are being tested for trait discovery and large-scale field evaluation of cassava. In summary, cassava breeding in Asia is driven by a combination of food and market demand with technological innovations to increase the productivity. Further, exploration in the potential of data-driven agriculture is needed to empower researchers and producers for sustainable advancement.

著者

古桧山 建吾 京極 真 織田 靖史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本作業療法士協会

雑誌

作業療法 (ISSN:02894920)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.180-189, 2020-04-15 (Released:2020-04-15)

参考文献数

23

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本研究の目的は,信念対立を経験したリハビリテーション専門職がマインドフルネストレーニングを実践することでたどる主観的体験の変化と,リハビリテーション専門職の信念対立に対してマインドフルネストレーニングがどのような影響を与えるかを明らかにすることである.対象者は,8週間のマインドフルネストレーニングを実践した.質的研究で対象者の主観的体験の変化,量的研究でマインドフルネストレーニングの効果を検証した.結果,対象者の信念対立の心理的側面は改善するが,信念対立そのものは改善しなかった.以上から,信念対立の問題には,マインドフルネストレーニングと信念対立解明アプローチを併せて対応する必要があると考える.

著者

月本 昭男

出版者

日本宗教学会

雑誌

宗教研究 (ISSN:03873293)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.Suppl, pp.51-52, 2014-03-30 (Released:2017-07-14)

著者

時実 象一

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.7, pp.383-388, 2017-07-01 (Released:2017-07-01)

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欧米における民間の新聞デジタル・アーカイブについて調査・解説した。米国ではルーツ探しのため新聞アーカイブが商用として成り立っている。また大学向けにいくつかの新聞アーカイブが提供されている。Googleも一時挑戦したが途中で中止している。大英図書館は公的機関であるが,民間にデジタル化とサービスを委託している。これらの収録範囲,特徴などについて述べた

著者

幸重 忠孝

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.1-14, 2001-05-15 (Released:2017-11-01)

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The victim who caught psychosomatic damage by participating in self improvement seminar which was educational cult exists abundantly. This psychosomatic damage is the wound caught by mind rape. It can't complain about it, and it is everywhere as for the victims the damage of mind rape. It is rare that the problem of self improvement seminar is brought even into the judgment specially. Two factors exist greatly as a reason. To begin with, cult group are to control a member by using mind control. Secoundly, self improvement seminar are to use that it is hard to judge by law for mind control. This report analyzes about mind control and mind rape by cult group. Then, a past precedent is taken up about the damage of self improvement seminar. It is examined how it was interpreted about mind rape in the judgment from the precedent. The need of the social support system to the victim of mind rape is suggested at the end.

著者

永井 陽之助

出版者

JAPANESE POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION

雑誌

年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.89-131,en6, 1966-09-26 (Released:2009-12-21)

参考文献数

3

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I Introduction II The Russian Revolution and the American Intellectuals III The New Deal Coalition and the Left-Intellectuals IV The End of Ideology and the American IdeologyIn contrast with the question posed by Werner Sombart at the turn of the century in the title of a book, “Why Is there No Socialism in the United States?”, this article examines the ideological adaptability of American Liberalism, as a surrogate for socialism, to the contemporary crisis home and abroad.The impact of Russian Revolution on American liberals who shared the optimistic expectation of the inevitable spread of democracy throughout the world, had failed to impress them as a challenge on the basic value-system of American regime, because of the misunderstanding about the nature of the Bolshevik regime by the narcissistic projection of American creed. That moralistic idealism, often indicated by the reformist prejudice for the machine politics, had prevented from the. understanding about the nature of “Revolution of rising expectation” in the developing areas.In addition to the creed, the unique character of New Deal coalition in terms of the ethnic, cultural heterogenity, the nationalization of socialism during the happy day of “popular front”, had contributed to the postponement of radical reapprasement of American creed. After the war, the democratic coalition had become so furiously disintegrated by 1952. The domestic crisis in the tortuous period of political indecision and pluralistic stagnation at a decisive turning point in America and world history, is largely a refection of the fact that the nation no longer has an effective majority and never has an stable organized opposition.Although the American Liberalism, saved by the twenty-five years' war, hot and cold, survived under the optimistic atomosphere of “The end of Ideology”, we cannot neglect the fact that “The end of Ideology” did not mean “The end of American Ideology”, particulary for the hard-boild, tough-minded realists.On the other hand, the reaction to “hard-boild” radicalism, with its exaggerated faith in the efficiency of direct political involvement during the day of “popular front”, often took form of the exaggerated skeptism about politics. However, it is no accident that “brilliant realists” of the Kennedy Administration has been so little concerned with the non-European world that the underdeveloped areas home and abroad was the blind spot of the Kennedy foreign policy as well as the negro problems.

著者

Silvano GALLUS Alessandra LUGO Xiaoqiu LIU Panagiotis BEHRAKIS Roberto BOFFI Cristina BOSETTI Giulia CARRERAS Liliane CHATENOUD Luke CLANCY Xavier CONTINENTE Ruaraidh DOBSON Tobias EFFERTZ Filippos T. FILIPPIDIS Marcela FU Gergana GESHANOVA Giuseppe GORINI Sheila KEOGAN Hristo IVANOV Maria-José LOPEZ Angel LOPEZ-NICOLAS José PRECIOSO Krzysztof PRZEWOZNIAK Cornel RADU-LOGHIN Ario RUPRECHT Sean SEMPLE Joan B SORIANO Polina STARCHENKO Marta TRAPERO-BERTRAN Olena TIGOVA Anna S TZORTZI Constantine VARDAVAS Vergina K VYZIKIDOU Paolo COLOMBO Esteve FERNANDEZ the TackSHS Project Investigators

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20190344, (Released:2020-04-04)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

51

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Background: Population data on tobacco use and its determinants require continuous monitoring and careful inter-country comparison. We aimed to provide the most up-to-date estimates on tobacco smoking from a large cross-sectional survey, conducted in selected European countries.Methods: Within the TackSHS Project, a face-to-face survey on smoking was conducted in 2017-2018 in 12 countries: Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain, representing around 80% of the 432 million European Union (EU) adult population. In each country, a representative sample of around 1,000 subjects aged 15 years and older was interviewed, for a total of 11,902 participants.Results: Overall 25.9% of participants were current smokers (31.0% among men and 21.2% among women, p<0.001), while 16.5% were former smokers. Smoking prevalence ranged from 18.9% in Italy to 37.0% in Bulgaria. It decreased with increasing age (compared to <45, multivariable odds ratio, OR, for ≥65 years was 0.31; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.27-0.36), level of education (OR for low vs. high was 1.32; 95% CI: 1.17-1.48) and self-rated household economic level (OR for low vs. high was 2.05; 95% CI: 1.74-2.42). The same patterns were found in both sexes.Conclusions: These smoking prevalence estimates represent the most up-to-date evidence in Europe. From them it can be derived that there are more than 112 million current smokers in the EU-28. Lower socio-economic status is a major determinant of smoking habit in both sexes.