著者

中村 浩一 向野 義人 兒玉 隆之

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.13-17, 2011 (Released:2011-03-31)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1 1

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〔目的〕Individual Muscle Stretching(ID)が心身に及ぼす影響を検討した。〔対象〕健常男子学生60名60肢右脚とした。〔方法〕IDを施行する群(ID群),Static Stretchingを施行する群(SS群),ストレッチングを施行しない群(control群)に被験者を分け,群間及び各ストレッチング前後で,ゴニオメーター,サイベックス,アンケートを用いて比較検討した。〔結果〕柔軟性と筋出力において,ID群は介入後有意に柔軟性の向上と筋出力の低下を認めた。アンケートの結果,ID,SS群ともに,介入後,有意に身体的疲労及び気分の改善を示す結果を得た。〔結語〕IDは柔軟性向上,筋出力低下,精神心理の改善をもたらすことが示唆された。

著者

山本 杏子 小島 隆矢

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.695, pp.37-44, 2014-01-30 (Released:2014-07-10)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 1

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This study examines the feature of the user's behavior in a comedy theater by comparison with another kind of theater. First survey researched the user type and user's needs. Second survey researched for user's behavior before and after performance to analyze behavior of the environment around theater affects revisit of a theater. The results are as followings:1) Comedy theaters are places which young women visit with their friend, and are used for their communication.2) The ease of behavior of the environment around a comedy theater affects the revisit intention of a theater.

著者

福井 裕行 大田 和美 山本 大助

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.113, no.5, pp.289-297, 1999 (Released:2007-01-30)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1 2

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H1受容体のヒスタミン結合に関与する5つのアミノ酸残基を同定した.部位特異的変異受容体の性質の検討と受容体モデリングを組み合わせる方法はこの研究の目的の達成に非常に有効であった.H1受容体にはヒスタミンとの非結合および結合に応じて不活化状態および活性化状態が存在し,ヒスタミンの結合により第V膜貫通領域のα-ヘリクスの捻れの弛むことが活性化状態へ移行するという機構を提唱したい.H1受容体のヒスタミン結合部位はリガンドの親和性に関与する部位と受容体の構造変化と活性化に直接関わる部位とに分かれた.そして,H1拮抗薬はH1受容体のヒスタミン結合部位のうちリガンドの親和性に関与する部位においてヒスタミンと拮抗する.H1受容体のリガンド結合様式はβ2-アドレナリン受容体,ヒスタミンH2受容体のそれとは異なった.

著者

倉林 俊雄 柄沢 隆夫 小林 孝徳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.11, pp.904-911, 1978-11-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

1

被引用文献数

1

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The immersion liquid sampling method is widely used to determine spray droplet sizes for its simple principle and easy sampling technique, but the method has some problems unsettled which we should be cautious of when we adopt it. The coalescence of droplets in the immersion liquid is one of them and is liable to cause an unexpected increase of measured diameter.By considering a simplified model for sampling of droplets, theoretical formulas for possibility of the coalescence and for increase rate of mean diameter due to the coalescence have been derived. The calculated values were compared with measured ones under various spraying and sampling conditions. While quantitative agreement between them was not acheaved, it was confirmed the calculated values agree quite well with measured ones qualitatively and the formulas are applicable to analyse the effects of various factors on the coalescence and on the increase of mean diameter.The following items have been revealed by this theory and the related experiments.1. The increasing number of droplet, the higher viscosity of immersion liquid, the larger nozzle hole and the smaller droplet diameter have tendency to increase the mean diameter due to the droplet coalescence.2. It should be avoided to bring the sampling position too close to the noz-zle.3. Discharge velocity of the jet does not affect on the droplet coalescence and on the increase of mean diameter remarkably.

著者

深谷 有喜

出版者

一般社団法人 日本真空学会

雑誌

Journal of the Vacuum Society of Japan (ISSN:18822398)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.35-39, 2016 (Released:2016-03-18)

参考文献数

25

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Total-reflection high-energy positron diffraction (TRHEPD) is a surface-sensitive tool owing to the total reflection of positrons. Since the sign of the crystal potential energy for positrons is positive, opposite to that for electrons, the positron beam at a grazing incidence is totally reflected at a crystal surface. The penetration depth of the positron beam in the total reflection region is estimated to be about a few Å, which corresponds to the thickness of 1-2 atomic layers. Thus, the positron beam in the total reflection region sees only the topmost surface layer of the crystal. Slightly over the critical angle for the total reflection, the positon beam also sees the underlying surface layer. Adjusting the glancing angle of the incident positron beam, the diffraction intensity selectively contains information about the topmost and the underlying surface layers without any effect from the bulk. Therefore, the TRHEPD is very useful for structure determinations of crystal surface and two-dimensional atomic sheet adsorbed on the substrate. In this paper, we will show the surface-sensitivity of the TRHEPD. Shown is also the recent result of silicene, two-dimensional atomic sheet of silicon, using the TRHEPD.

著者

沖田 典子 丸野 元彦 吉澤 秀憲 鈴木 強

出版者

近畿脳腫瘍病理検討会

雑誌

Neuro-Oncologyの進歩 (ISSN:18800742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.50-53, 2014 (Released:2014-05-07)

参考文献数

19

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Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor. Factors such as age, Karnofsky performance score (KPS), and extent of resection have been shown to be prognostic for survival in newly diagnosed malignant glioma patients. O6-methylguanine DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status is also a prognostic factor in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients. IDH1 mutation detected by direct sequencing or by immunochemistry of its more frequent form has been reported to be a strong and independent prognostic factor in gliomas whatever the grade. 1p/19q deletions are prognostic factors in oligodendroglial tumors and predict better survival after both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Expression of immunohistochemical staining for α-Internexin was reported to correlate with 1p/19q deletions.We have two glioblastoma long term survivors and these cases showed similar clinical and radiological presentation with other glioblastoma cases who relapsed and survived less than a year. We investigated immunohistochemical staining for IDH1-R132H, MGMT and α-Internexin in these two cases and all stainings were negative. We should have more attention for other prognostic factors in glioblastoma long term survivors.

著者

長谷川 慎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.12, pp.785-791, 2004-12-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

参考文献数

31

著者

山本 昌平 坂口 大作 植木 弘信 石田 正弘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集B編 (ISSN:18848346)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.799, pp.380-389, 2013 (Released:2013-03-25)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

5

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In order to realize a premixed compression ignition (PCI) engine by utilizing bio-alcohol, combustion characteristics of bio-alcohol blended with gas oil were compared between ethanol and n-butanol in a diesel engine. The effects of the ethanol blend ratio and the butanol blend ratio on ignition delay, premixed combustion, diffusion combustion, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions such as smoke density, nitrogen oxide (NOx) and so on were investigated experimentally. It is found that ethanol almost burns out together with low evaporation temperature composition of gas oil in the premixed combustion period and the heat release in the diffusion combustion is based on mainly high evaporation temperature composition of gas oil, then, soot is formed in the diffusion combustion of gas oil. On the other hand, a part of butanol burns in the diffusion combustion, and the combustion of butanol in the diffusion stage is not the cause of soot formation. Butanol is more useful in diesel engine compared with ethanol because butanol can be blended with gas oil without surface-active agent, and fuel consumption and smoke are almost equal in both blend fuels if the alcohol blend ratio is the same.

著者

梅原 千治

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本口腔科学会

雑誌

日本口腔科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00290297)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.155-161, 1969-04-10 (Released:2011-09-07)

著者

木内 敦詞 荒井 弘和 浦井 良太郎 中村 友浩

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.145-159, 2009-06-30 (Released:2009-11-05)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

3 4

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College students have low levels of physical activity (PA); however, PA enhancement is suggested to serve as a gateway to the improvement of other forms of health behavior. Graduate Ready for Activity Daily (GRAD) by Sallis et al. (1999) is a PA enhancement course for college students immediately before graduation. The program contains the behavior change skills needed to adopt and maintain regular PA. Moreover, there is also a need to consider PA intervention for freshmen, from the same viewpoint as GRAD. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not a behavioral science-based physical education program with homework would have positive effects on the psychological, behavioral, and physiological variables related to the PA of college freshmen. The project was named “First-Year Physical Education” (FYPE).College freshmen from an institute of technology in the Kinki area of Japan participated in this study (N=993; intervention group, N=497; non-intervention group, N=496). The programs that were common to all the classes were as follows (the numbers correspond to the sequence of activities in the program): (1) guidance, (2) health-related physical fitness test, (3)–(6) sports activity, (7) lecture on PA and health, (8)–(12) sports activity, (13) health-related physical fitness test, and (14) summary of the program. The PA enhancement programs were meant only for the intervention group. The programs consisted of education on behavioral change skills (decisional-balance analysis, changing self-talk, relapse prevention, social support, shaping, and so on), and out-of-class practical assignments such as active homework (self-monitoring and goal setting with regard to PA). The duration of the weekly program was 3.5 months. We measured psychological variables (self-efficacy and decisional balance [pros–cons] for exercise), behavioral variables (PA level according to the intensity and frequency of categorized PA), and physiological variables (health-related physical fitness, i.e., cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, muscular endurance, and percentage body fat). These variables were measured both before and after the class term; the intervention and the non-intervention groups were subsequently compared.Two-way ANOVA and post hoc test revealed a significant intervention effect for psychological variables such as self-efficacy and the pros of exercise. With regard to the behavioral variables, a significant intervention effect was observed for both the PA levels of “exercise and sports” and “daily activity” and the frequency of the categorized PA (daily PA, health-related exercise such as aerobic exercise, stretching, and muscular exercise). In the health-related physical fitness test with regard to physiological variables, a significant intervention effect was observed for muscular endurance. These results suggest that this behavioral science-based physical education class with homework has comprehensive positive effects on the psychological, behavioral, and physiological variables related to the PA of college freshmen.

著者

木内 敦詞 荒井 弘和

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.5, pp.677-688, 2006 (Released:2008-01-25)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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It has been clarified that self-efficacy (Bandura, 1977) predicts behavior and plays an important role in improving performance. However, there have been no reports of any practical trials for improving sports performance through the development of self-efficacy. The purpose of this study was to propose concrete application of the concept of self-efficacy to sports coaching, using base-running behavior in baseball as a theme. In Study 1, we examined the reliability (internal consistency and stability) of the Self-Efficacy Scale for Base-Running (SES-BR). In Study 2, we examined whether the intervention of the SES-BR could improve the self-efficacy and the performance of base-running as well as psychological competitive abilities such as “decisiveness,” “predictive ability,” and “judgment.” In Study 1, three coaches from a college baseball team extracted 31 types of base-running behavior that are considered critical in baseball games. In order to examine the reliability of the scale, the self-efficacy scores of the fielders in the team (N =24) were measured twice: once on the first day of the season, and again, one week later. The results indicated Cronbach's a =.94 and a test-retest correlation coefficient r =.81 ( p <.001) for the SES-BR, thus verifying the scale's reliability. In Study 2, the college baseball players received cards on which the SES-BR was printed and were instructed to verify the 31 base-running behavioral items every five days. The results revealed a significant increase in the self-efficacy score during the intervention period ( p <.05). Moreover, the base-run errors—an index for base-running performance—decreased due to the intervention of the SES-BR: 8.30/game before the intervention, 6.77/game (-18%) in the first season, and 4.32/game in the second season (-48%). Furthermore, “decisiveness” and the comprehensive evaluation of psychological competitive ability, as evaluated by DIPCA (Tokunaga, 2001), showed significant improvement during the second intervention season ( p <.05 for both). Therefore, the intervention of the SES-BR, which was developed in this study and confirmed to be highly reliable, was suggested as a possible measure for improving self-efficacy and performance in base-running as well as “decisiveness” and overall psychological competitive ability.

著者

Atsushi Kiuchi Satoshi Shimegi Ippei Tanaka Nobuo Izumo Ryo Fukuyama Hiromichi Nakamuta Masao Koida

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.10-18, 2006 (Released:2008-01-25)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1 3

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different intensities of resistance exercise training on established bone loss in ovariectomized (ovx-ed) rats by densitometry and histomorphometry. Thirty Female Wistar rats were ovx-ed or sham-operated (SHM) at 3 months of age and maintained untreated for 5 months after surgery to establish osteopenia. When they reached 8 months, the ovx-ed rats were divided into four groups in accordance with varying weights applied to a squat-training device: The weight classifications were 1) kept sedentary (OVX); 2) lifted 0 g (LOW); 3) 750 g (MID); and 1500 g (HIGH). The rats in the three training groups performed weight-lifting of 10 reps, performing 2 sets per day, 3 days a week for a ten week period. The Femora and tibiae were removed from each rat and were used for analyses. Ovx induced a significant loss of total BMC in all the bones tested. The ovx-induced femoral BMC loss was observed at all locations tested on the bone (proximal, shaft, and distal), and exercise-intensity dependent restoration was found at the proximal and the distal sites, but not at the shaft. In the tibia, ovx-induced significant bone loss occurred only at the proximal metaphyseal site. The training increased the tibial BMC of all sites in an exercise-intensity dependently, irrespective of the degree of ovx effect. At the tibial shaft, the training increased the cortical bone mass significantly above sham level by the bone apposition at the periosteum. At the proximal tibial metaphysis, exercise had no effect on the cancellous bone volume after ovx-induced bone loss. This finding suggests that the exercise induced bone increase in the ovx-ed rats was from cortical bone, not from cancellous bone, at least in the proximal tibia. These findings indicate that the weight-lifting exercise in rats reversed the ovx-induced bone loss in an exercise-intensity dependent and site-specific manner, even in established osteopenic skeleton 5 mon after ovx.

著者

木内 敦詞 荒井 弘和 浦井 良太郎 中村 友浩

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.329-341, 2008-12-10 (Released:2009-02-25)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

3 2

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a physical education program based on behavioral science, which includes homework (project First-Year Physical Education: FYPE) on the health level and lifestyle of first-year college students. The study participants comprised 1,090 male college freshmen from an institute of technology in the Kinki area of Japan (intervention group, N=515; non-intervention group, N=575). The programs that were common to all the classes were as follows (the numbers correspond to the sequence of activities of the program). 1: guidance, 2–4: sports activity, 5: lecture (health science), 6–8: sports activity, 9: lecture (health science), 10–12: sports activity, and 13: summary of the class. Health behavior promotion programs were intended only for the intervention group. The programs comprised (1) education on behavioral change skills (self-monitoring, goal setting, self-reinforcement, and so on), and (2) out-of-class practical assignments such as physical education homework. We evaluated the health level and life habits of the students by using the Diagnostic Inventory of Health and Life Habit (DIHAL; Tokunaga, 2003) and evaluated their physical activity level using the Physical Activity Assessment Scale (PAAS; Wakui & Suzuki, 1997). As a result, significant intervention effects were observed with regard to the DIHAL scales for “Eating,” “Resting,” and the “Sum of lifestyle,” and with regard to the subscales of “Level of physical health,” “Eating regularly,” “Relaxing,” “Sleeping regularly,” and the “Fulfillment level of sleep.” The PAAS revealed a significant intervention effect with regard to “Daily activity,” which indicates the relatively light physical activities in daily life; however, this was not observed with regard to the DIHAL scale of “Exercise.” These results clearly indicate that physical education programs based on behavioral science and including homework can improve the overall lifestyle (namely, physical activity, eating, and resting) of first-year college students.

著者

木内 敦詞 七五三木 聡 天貝 均 大野 敦也 勝田 茂

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.77-85, 1997-02-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1 1

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本研究は, 閉経後骨粗鬆症の実験モデルとしてOVXラットを用い, OVX後の骨の変化を皮質骨と海綿骨の量的変化および組織学的特徴から検討し, これらが運動負荷によりいかなる影響を受けるかを調べたものである.実験にはWistar系雌性ラットを用い, 偽手術・コントロール群 (Sham-C群) , 偽手術・トレーニング群 (Sham-T群) , 卵巣摘出・コントロール群 (OVX-C群) , 卵巣摘出・トレーニング群 (OVX-T群) の計4群を設けた.卵巣摘出および偽手術は14週齢時に行い, トレーニングは17週齢より10週間のトレッドミル走とした.トレーニング期間終了時に, 脛骨を摘出後, 脱脂乾燥骨重量, 骨塩量を測定し, さらに海綿骨の組織形態計測を行った.得られた結果は以下のとおりである.1.脱脂乾燥骨重量および骨幹部骨塩量において, OVX-C群とSham-C群の有意な差異は認められなかった.しかし体重あたりの骨塩量ではOVX-C群がSham-C群に対し有意な低値を示した.また, 海綿骨の単位骨量ではOVX-C群がSham-C群よりも有意な低値を, LS/BSをはじめとする骨形成パラメータでは逆に有意な高値を示した.2.海綿骨単位骨量および体重あたりの骨塩量は, OVX-T群がOVX-C群に対し有意な高値を示した.骨形成パラメータでは両群に有意な差は認められなかった.3.上記のすべての測定パラメータで, Sham-C群とSham-T群の間に有意な差異は観察されなかった.以上の結果から, 運動は卵巣摘出による骨量の減少に対し抑制的に作用することが示された.また, これは骨形成の促進よりはむしろ骨吸収の抑制に起因する可能性が示唆された.

著者

山辺 高司 永田 正毅 石蔵 文信 安田 聡 木村 晃二 宮武 邦夫

出版者

公益財団法人 日本心臓財団

雑誌

心臓 (ISSN:05864488)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.12-17, 1991-01-15 (Released:2013-05-24)

参考文献数

12

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経皮経静脈的僧帽弁交連裂開術(PTMC)を施行するにあたりバルーン径設定が開大弁口面積,僧帽弁逆流に及ぼす影響について検討した.対象は僧帽弁狭窄症患者46例.旧型28mm仕様の井上バルーンカテーテルを用いてPTMCを施行した.設定バルーン径を<26mm,26mm,26mm<の3群に分けて開大弁口面積,僧帽弁逆流を比較した.設定バルーン径26mmの14例,26mm末満の5例について最大開大時の中央径をシネフィルム上で計測,検討した.また,バルーンの特性を知るため狭窄弁ロモデルとして設定径よりも小さな穴の中で開大し,内圧を測定した.開大弁口面積は,設定バルーン径が小さい場合に小さい傾向にあった.僧帽弁逆流は設定26mm未満の場合は認められなかった.設定バルーン径と実測バルーン径の比をとると,設定26mmでは平均0.94,設定26mm未満では平均O.83と有意な差を認めた.バルーン内圧は中央径の増大に伴い上昇した.バルーン中央部に抵抗がかからない状態では26mm設定と24mm設定の間の内圧の差は0.3kg/cm2程度であったが,抵抗が加わった場合その差は0.9~1.Okg/cm2になった.以上より,バルーン内圧の高い26mm設定の場合,より設定径に近く開大することが判明した.バルーン径を大きくすると僧帽弁逆流の増悪の頻度が増し,小さくすると内圧が下がり十分な開大の効果が得られなかった.目標とするバルーン径で十分な圧が得られるバルーンの開発が望まれる.

著者

Akio KITOH Tomoaki OSE Izuru TAKAYABU

出版者

(公社)日本気象学会

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94A, pp.1-16, 2016 (Released:2016-02-11)

参考文献数

109

被引用文献数

3 32

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High-resolution downscaling is vital to project climate extremes and their future changes by resolving fine topography reasonably well, which is a key to represent local climatology and impacts of weather extremes. A direct dynamical downscaling with a regional climate model (RCM) embedded within an atmosphere-ocean coupled general circulation model (AOGCM) is commonly used but is subject to systematic biases in their present-day simulations of AOGCM, which may cause unexpected effects on future projections and lead to difficult interpretation of climate change. In a high-resolution atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM)-RCM system, the present-day climate in AGCM is forced by observed sea surface temperature (SST) and sea-ice distribution. Then, the future climate is calculated with the “future” boundary conditions (SST and sea-ice), which are created by adding their future changes projected by AOGCM to the observed present-day values, besides the future radiative forcing. This system is one of methods to minimize the effects of such biases. A Meteorological Research Institute AGCM with 20-km grids is successfully applied to project future changes in weather extremes such as tropical cyclones and rain systems that cause heavy rainfall and strong winds. Regional downscaling with 5-km mesh RCM is then performed over certain area to investigate local extreme rainfall events and their future changes. In this paper, we review various downscaling methods and try to rationalize a use of high-resolution AGCM-RCM system.

著者

洞口 公俊 森田 政明 中矢 清司

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.4, pp.206-211, 1990-04-01 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.6, pp.News6-News6, 2014-06-10 (Released:2015-06-10)

著者

友永 雅己 酒井 基行 田中 由浩 佐野 明人

出版者

日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 Supplement 第31回日本霊長類学会大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.94, 2015-06-20 (Released:2016-02-02)

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霊長類の比較認知研究においては、視覚を対象とした研究が圧倒的に多く、聴覚や嗅覚の研究は視覚に比べると少なく、さらに触覚に関する研究はきわめて少ないのが現状である。そこで今回は、触覚の中でも力触覚に関する研究をチンパンジーを対象に実施した。力(触)覚とは、触覚の中でも物体と接触したときの反力に対する感覚を指す。今回の実験では、モータを利用して力覚(摩擦力)を精密にフィードバックすることのできるトラックボールを開発し、これを用いて条件性弁別課題をチンパンジーに訓練した。課題はまずカーソルを画面上に提示し、トラックボールを用いてこれを一定距離動かすことが要求される。この時の力覚フィードバックの量(8N対0.5N)に応じて、その後画面の上下に提示されるキイのいずれかにカーソルを移動させると報酬を得ることができる。4個体のチンパンジーが実験に参加した。この課題は、これまでに経験していない力触覚の弁別であるということ、また、各刺激に対して異なる反応を要求する条件性弁別課題を導入せざるを得なかったこと、の2点から、きわめて難しい課題であり、すべてのチンパンジーで最終的な学習基準に至ることができなかった。しかしながら、各個体の課題遂行を詳細に分析したところ以下のことが明らかとなった。まず、8N条件と0.5N条件を数試行ずつのブロックとして提示したところ、ブロックが切り替わった試行での正答率が弁別が成立していないと仮定した場合に予測される正答率よりも有意に高いことが明らかとなった。また、摩擦の小さい条件から大きい条件に切り替わる場合の方が逆の場合よりも正答率が高いことが明らかになった。これらの結果から、チンパンジーにおいても力触覚を手がかりとした条件性弁別が成立する可能性が示唆された。

著者

増田 真也 坂上 貴之 北岡 和代 佐々木 恵

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.15034, (Released:2016-07-09)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

6

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Certain participants are insincere, or careless when they respond to questionnaires. To identify such participants, we included three items in a questionnaire that instructed participants to choose a particular response category. Nurses (N = 1,000) responded to this questionnaire in a Web survey. One-hundred-twenty participants failed to follow the instructions for at least one item (non-followers). Analyzing their responses indicated the following: (a) non-followers were more likely to give identical, or midpoint responses; (b) the correlations between their responses to regular and reversed items were low or positive, and their responses to scales containing reversed items tended to show lower internal consistency; and finally, (c) the mean scores of non-followers were closer to the midpoint of the scale, regardless of whether the scale included reversed items. One reason that including reversed items lead to lower internal consistency could be because participants occasionally missed responding to these items. However, the results suggested that non-followers were not diligent in responding to regular items, and merely deleting reversed items from scales will be insufficient to ensure accurate results.