著者

笠原 里恵 神山 和夫

出版者

日本鳥学会

雑誌

日本鳥学会誌 (ISSN:0913400X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.35-51, 2011 (Released:2011-05-28)

参考文献数

25

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環境省の行っているガンカモ類の生息調査で得られた数値データとモニタリングデータを解析するソフトウェアであるTRIMを用いて,日本で越冬するカモ類13種における1996年から2009年までの個体数の増減を日本の8地方区分による地方別,また都道府県別に解析した.結果として,分析期間中,マガモ Anas platyrhynchos とコガモ Anas crecca は全国的に減少傾向にあった一方でキンクハジロ Aythya fuligula やスズガモ Aythya marila は全国的に増加傾向にあった.ヒドリガモ Anas penelope では地方による個体数の増減は少なかった.多くの種において個体数の変化傾向は県や地方によって異なっていたが,13種中9種が関東地方で,8種が中部地方で減少傾向を示し,8種が近畿地方で,5種が中国もしくは四国地方で増加傾向を示した.この結果は調査が行われている1月中旬において,多くのカモ類の分布が変化していることを示唆している.カモ類の個体数に影響を及ぼし得る要因として,繁殖地や越冬地の環境変化,餌付け状況や地球温暖化による移動距離もしくは渡りの時期の変化等が考えられるが,今後のさらなる研究が望まれる.

著者

畑中 佳子 藤田 哲也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.6, pp.496-503, 2004-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

22

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We investigated whether people can consciously remember type fonts of words by methods of examining explicit memory; source-monitoring and old/new-recognition. We set matched, non-matched, and non-studied conditions between the study and the test words using two kinds of type fonts; Gothic and MARU. After studying words in one way of encoding, semantic or physical, subjects in a source-monitoring task made a three way discrimination between new words, Gothic words, and MARU words (Exp. 1). Subjects in an old/new-recognition task indicated whether test words were previously presented or not (Exp. 2). We compared the source judgments with old/new recognition data. As a result, these data showed conscious recollection for type font of words on the source monitoring task and dissociation between source monitoring and old/new recognition performance.

著者

広戸 幾一郎

出版者

耳鼻と臨床会

雑誌

耳鼻と臨床 (ISSN:04477227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.4, pp.456-460, 1978-07-20 (Released:2013-05-10)

参考文献数

6

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A new surgical technique was deviced in order to prevent the stricture of the permanent tracheostoma. This procedure is composed of two principles ; that is, to avoid the damage of the cartilage at the entrance of the trachea and to cover the margin of the tracheal mucosa with the skin by the inverting suture with the round needle and the nylon thread.The first stage: The perichondrium of the second tracheal cartilage is stripped and then the cartilage is removed. The trachea is horizontally divided just under the inferior margin of the first tracheal cartilage and the tube is inserted into the trachea for general anesthesia.The second stage: After the total laryngectomy is performed, five inverting sutures are tied at the cartilaginous portion of the tracheal end and the margin of the skin covers the mucosal edge of the trachea. These sutures should be carefully carried out in the way which the needle must not pierce the third tracheal cartilage but only the mucosa. The interrupted suture is done at the membranedus portion of the trachea. Any cannula is not used after the surgery.

著者

Fumihito TAKAHASHI Mariko MOCHIZUKI Takuya YOGO Katsumi ISHIOKA Norio YUMOTO Toshinori SAKO Fukiko UEDA Masahiro TAGAWA Hiroyuki TAZAKI

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13-0356, (Released:2013-12-11)

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To understand the effects of silicon (Si) in the urine with respect to the formation of urinary stones, the distribution of Si in urine was observed. Urine samples from cats with urolithiasis (n=10) and healthy cats (n=15) were used. The concentration of Si in the cats with urolithiasis was significantly higher (P<0.001). A significant correlation (P<0.05) was observed between the concentration of Si and those of other elements, such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and iron, only in the urine of the healthy cats. The distribution of elements in the urine differed between the cats with urolithiasis and the healthy cats. The Si concentration and its relationship with other elements were suggested to be useful biomarkers for urolithiasis in cats.

著者

Zainab Raissuni Florian Zores Odile Henriet Stephanie Dallest Gerald Roul

出版者

一般社団法人 インターナショナル・ハート・ジャーナル刊行会

雑誌

International Heart Journal (ISSN:13492365)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.6, pp.395-400, 2013 (Released:2013-12-03)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1 6

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Cardiac output (CO) is often desirable for assessing the hemodynamic condition of a patient, especially in critically ill cardiac patients. Various noninvasive methods are available for this purpose. Inert gas rebreathing (IGR) and 2D-Doppler echocardiography methods have been validated. Based on the relationship between pulse wave transit time and stroke volume, the VISMO® provides an estimated continuous cardiac output (esCCO) measurement using only an electrocardiogram, pulse oximeter wave, and cuff arterial blood pressure. Doppler echocardiography is being currently used in every day practice in this setting and IGR is a validated method, thus we wanted to assess the agreement between these 3 methods for noninvasive CO calculation and reproducibility of esCCO. Patients followed in our cardiology department received on the same day a CO analysis by esCCO, Doppler echocardiography and IGR. Thirty-four patients were included (16 women, mean age 65 ± 15 years). Bland and Altman plots showed a good agreement between IGR and 2D-Doppler echocardiography (bias = 0.31 L/minute). Though there was also an agreement between esCCO and the other 2, the bias was rather large: 1.18 L/minute with IGR and 1.51 L/min with 2D-Doppler echo. The intraclass correlation coefficient was poor whatever the methods. However, esCCO had a satisfactory reproducibility and accuracy compared rather well with the other 2. This method could be suitable for patient screening and monitoring.

著者

永田 忠博

出版者

社団法人 日本食品科学工学会

雑誌

日本食品科学工学会誌 (ISSN:1341027X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.11, pp.509-515, 2007-11-15 (Released:2007-12-31)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

著者

須藤 英一 前島 一郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本老年医学会

雑誌

日本老年医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03009173)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.84-85, 2011 (Released:2011-03-03)

参考文献数

5

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目的:高齢者の肺炎に関連する口腔内乾燥は日常介護でしばしば直面する問題である.この点で,保湿ジェルを用いた口腔ケアの効果を老人ホーム入所中の脳血管障害後遺症患者でみた成績を以前に報告したが,これを他の施設に広げて検討した.方法:対象は脳血管障害後遺症患者11例(男性4例,女性7例,平均年齢84.5±1.3歳).老人ホームの入居者を対象に,口腔ケア用品として,口腔内乾燥予防目的に保湿ジェルを用い,使用前年の6カ月間と使用中の6カ月間に於いて発熱を生じた日数,抗菌薬投与日数,抗菌薬投与回数,補液日数,補液回数を比較した.結果:使用前,使用中の6カ月間の発熱日数を比較検討すると使用前平均5.4±2.8日から使用中3.5±2.9日まで有意に(p<0.01)減少した.抗菌薬投与日数,抗菌薬投与回数,補液日数,補液回数はそれぞれ,使用前平均3.3±3.4日から使用中1.1±1.8日,使用前平均6.2±6.7回から使用中2.0±3.6回,使用前平均2.4±3.4日から使用中1.2±1.8日,使用前平均4.2±6.8回から使用中1.4±2.2回と全て減じたが有意差は認めなかった.結論:保湿ジェルを用いた口腔ケアは脳血管障害後遺症患者に生じる口腔内汚染を誘因とする気道感染や脱水予防に寄与できる可能性が示唆された.

著者

Rika MIZUNO Takao MATSUI

出版者

プシコロギア会

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.3, pp.208-221, 2013 (Released:2013-12-11)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3 6

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Native Japanese readers are known to rely heavily on visual codes and far less on phonological codes in letter processing (Mizuno, Matsui, & Bellezza, 2007). This study aimed to determine whether the lexical access of words written in kanji characters would parallel Japanese letter processing. Two experiments measured native Japanese readers’ performance on lexical decision tasks under three nonword conditions: orthographically misleading transposed-letter nonwords, phonologically misleading pseudohomophones, and standard nonwords. The results showed that readers’ performance was impaired by transposed-letter nonwords but not by pseudohomophones, suggesting that native Japanese speakers relied heavily on visual information and to a lesser degree on phonological information in the lexical access of kanji words. These characteristics of lexical access in native Japanese readers may be adaptations to the fact that Japanese kanji words have many homophones.

著者

Kunitoshi ISEKI Saori OSHIRO Masahiko TOZAWA Yoshiharu IKEMIYA Koshiro FUKIYAMA Shuichi TAKISHITA

出版者

日本高血圧学会

雑誌

Hypertension Research (ISSN:09169636)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.185-190, 2002 (Released:2002-09-13)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

13 22

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The incidence of end-stage renal disease due to diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing. There have been too few epidemiological studies of the predictors of DM nephropathy, particularly type 2 DM, among a statistically significant population. We studied the prevalence and correlates of DM in a screened cohort in Okinawa, Japan. A total of 9, 914 screenees (6, 163 men and 3, 751 women) over 18 years of age underwent a 1-day health check at the Okinawa General Health Maintenance Association between April 1997 and March 1998. Subjects were considered to have DM if they showed a fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg⁄dl and hemoglobin A1c ≥7.0%, or if they were receiving treatment for DM. Non-DM subjects were followed-up until March 2000 to see whether or not they developed DM. Relative risk for developing DM was evaluated by Cox proportional hazard analysis after adjusting for confounding variables. A total of 673 screenees (520 men and 153 women) were diagnosed with DM. The prevalence of DM was 67.9 per 1, 000 screenees (84.4 for men and 40.8 for women). A total of 7, 125 non-DM screenees were examined a second time. Among them, 164 screenees (130 men and 34 women) had developed DM during the follow-up period. Over 2 years, the cumulative incidence of DM was 2.3% (2.9% in men and 1.3% in women). The adjusted relative risk (95% confidence interval) for developing DM was highest for proteinuria, or 1.90 (1.14-3.17). The results indicated that the prevalence and incidence of DM were high among this screened cohort in Okinawa, Japan. Subjects with proteinuria may thus be at high risk for developing DM. (Hypertens Res 2002; 25: 185-190)

著者

堀 裕

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.113-115, 1983 (Released:2007-07-05)

参考文献数

20

著者

良峯 徳和 徃住 彰文

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.4, pp.384-391, 2001-12-01 (Released:2008-10-03)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1

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Differences in discourse type or genre produce various effects upon readers. Recent empirical research on the cognitive processes of discourse comprehension shows that mature human readers utilize cognitive processes called “comprehension control systems”. These develop in a specialized way for each type or genre of discourse. Comprehension control systems for natural language discourse have to be built-in if they are to be as flexible as those of adult human readers, so they must be designed and constructed as such. This is expected to enable the discourse comprehension system to utilize efficiently the fictional information in literary texts without confusing fictional and actual situations.

著者

兼松 仁 守 一雄 守 秀子

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.1_29-1_40, 1996-02-29 (Released:2008-10-03)

参考文献数

9

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A new experimental technique has been invented in which two different events can be presented independently to a pair of subjects sitting side-by-side in front of the same screen so as to make them believe that they are watching the same event simultaneously. Two video projectors with polarizing filters diagonal to each other projected different moving pictures on the same screen. These were observed by a pair of subjects wearing polarizing sunglasses suitable for one or the other video projector. Using this experimental technique, thirty pairs of undergraduates observed basically the same event but three nonconforming points were included. Each pair of subjects were asked to report individually on what they had seen— Pre-Discussion Report. Then they were allowed to discuss the event they had just observed, and were asked to report again— Post-Discussion Report. Subjects were invited to come to the laboratory a week later to report what they had seen the week before— Week-Later Report. Fifteen pairs of the subjects were instructed to come to agreement during the discussion whereas the other fifteen pairs were simply instructed to discuss what they had seen. In the Week-Later Report, subjects in the former group tended to change their memory of the event, either consciously or subconsciously, whereas this tendency was much less in the latter group. In general, the Post-Discussion Reports were more complete than the Pre-Discussion Reports, that is, the discussion inproved the subjects' memory of the events.

著者

Md. Mottaleb HOSSAIN Md. Abdullah-AL HUMAYUN Md. Tanvir HASAN Ashraful Ghani BHUIYAN Akihiro HASHIMOTO Akio YAMAMOTO

出版者

一般社団法人 電子情報通信学会

雑誌

IEICE Transactions on Electronics (ISSN:09168524)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E95.C, no.2, pp.255-261, 2012-02-01 (Released:2012-02-01)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2 9

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This paper reports on a theoretical study and modeling of a 1.55µm quantum dot heterostructure laser using InN as a promising candidate for the first time. Details of design and theoretical analysis of probability distribution of the optical transition energy, threshold current density, modal gain, and differential quantum efficiency are presented considering a single layer of quantum dots. Dependence of threshold current density on the RMS value of quantum dot size fluctuations and the cavity length is studied. A low threshold current density of ∼51Acm-2 is achieved at room temperature for a cavity length of 640µm. An external differential efficiency of ∼65% and a modal gain of ∼12.5cm-1 are obtained for the proposed structure. The results indicate that the InN based quantum dot laser is a promising one for the optical communication system.

著者

三原 千惠

出版者

日本静脈経腸栄養学会

雑誌

静脈経腸栄養 (ISSN:13444980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.6, pp.1371-1378, 2011 (Released:2011-12-19)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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脳卒中後の神経症状として嚥下障害は頻度が高く、栄養障害をきたす原因のひとつとして重要である。また誤嚥による肺炎は予後を悪くする危険性が高い。したがって、早期より適切な嚥下機能評価と栄養管理を開始することが必要である。脳卒中の症状は意識障害と片麻痺などの神経症状が中心であり、時間とともに変化する。安全かつ効果的に経口摂取を行うためには、摂食・嚥下障害の把握が必要であるが、嚥下障害のほかに食物の認識や食事の行動にかかわる高次脳機能障害、片麻痺、同名半盲などの症状を理解して適切に対処しなければならない。ここではまず脳卒中の病態と栄養管理について説明し、脳卒中後の嚥下リハビリテーションの特徴について述べる。また、経口摂取への円滑な移行のための「食べるためのPEG」の概念についても説明する。

著者

Megumi Kobayashi Naoki Hayakawa Koichi Nakabayashi Tsukasa Matsuo Daisuke Hashizume Hiroyuki Fueno Kazuyoshi Tanaka Kohei Tamao

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Chemistry Letters (ISSN:03667022)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.131043, (Released:2013-12-10)

被引用文献数

23

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An air-stable emissive di(1-naphthyl)disilene protected by the bulky Eind groups (Eind = 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7-octaethyl-s-hydrindacen-4-yl) has been obtained by the reduction of the corresponding dibromosilane (Eind)(1-Naph)SiBr2 with lithium naphthalenide. The X-ray crystallography shows a highly coplanar (E)-1,2-di(1-naphthyl)disilene skeleton, favorable for the efficient π-conjugation involving the Si=Si unit, together with a distinct CH/π interaction between the peri-H atom of the 1-naphthyl groups and the aromatic ring of the perpendicularly-oriented Eind groups.

著者

Ming WANG Wei GUO Ikuo IGARASHI Xuenan XUAN Xiaojun WANG Wenhua XIANG Honglin JIA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13-0477, (Released:2013-11-29)

被引用文献数

1 10

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The objective of this study is to investigate the seroprevalence of equine piroplasmosis in China. A total of 1,990 sera were collected from clinically healthy horses in various districts located in ten different provinces of China and examined by using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with recombinant Theileria equi (T. equi) merozoite antigen 2 (rEMA-2) and Babesia caballi (B. caballi) 48-kDa rhoptry protein (rBc48), respectively. The results showed that 1,018 (51.16%) and 229 (11.51%) samples were positive for B. caballi and T. equi infection, respectively. The number of samples with mixed infection was 152 (7.64%). These results indicated that equine piroplasmosis was widespread in China.

著者

Kyosuke Sato Daisuke Chino Tomoya Kobayashi Keisuke Obara Seiji Miyauchi Yoshio Tanaka

出版者

日本平滑筋学会

雑誌

Journal of Smooth Muscle Research (ISSN:09168737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.63-77, 2013 (Released:2013-12-05)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1 18

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Inhibitory effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on blood vessel contractions induced by various constrictor stimulants were investigated in the rat thoracic aorta. The inhibitory effects of DHA were also compared with those of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and linoleic acid (LA). DHA exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on the sustained contractions induced by U46619, a TXA2 mimetic. This inhibitory effect of DHA was not affected by removal of the endothelium or by treatment with either indomethacin or Nω-nitro-l-arginine. DHA also significantly diminished PGF2α-induced contraction but did not show any appreciable inhibitory effects on the contractions to both phenylephrine (PE) and high-KCl. Similarly, EPA exhibited significant inhibitory effects against the contractions induced by both U46619 and PGF2α without substantially affecting either PE- or high-KCl-induced contractions. However, both DHA and EPA generated more potent inhibitions against contractions induced by U46619 than those by PGF2α. In contrast, LA did not show significant inhibitory effects against any contractions, including those induced by U46619. The present findings suggest that DHA and EPA elicit more selective inhibition against blood vessel contractions that are mediated through stimulation of prostanoid receptors than those through α-adrenoceptor stimulation or membrane depolarization. Although DHA and EPA have similar inhibitory potencies against prostanoid receptor-mediated contractions, they had a more potent inhibition against TXA2 receptor (TP receptor)-mediated contractions than against PGF2α receptor (FP receptor)-mediated responses. Selective inhibition by either DHA or EPA of prostanoid receptor-mediated blood vessel contractions may partly underlie the mechanisms by which these ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids exert their circulatory-protective effects.

著者

中野 優子 赤澤 昭一 中村 聡江 當時久保 正之 内田 優介 中村 弘毅 牛島 知之 高木 浩史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本糖尿病学会

雑誌

糖尿病 (ISSN:0021437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.6, pp.368-373, 2013 (Released:2013-07-09)

参考文献数

12

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症例は78歳男性.平成2年に2型糖尿病を発症しメトフォルミンにて内服加療を開始した.平成21年10月頃より,HbA1cの上昇を認め,α-GI投与を開始し,1年後より,腹部膨満感,放屁,軟便と便秘を繰り返すようになった.平成23年3月に臍上部の激痛のため,当院受診した.腹部単純X線検査で大腸の拡張を,腹部CT検査で樹枝状陰影を示す門脈ガスを認めた.α-GI投与による門脈ガス血症(HPVG)と診断し,ボグリボースの内服中止・絶食とし保存的治療を行い,2日後の腹部CT検査で門脈ガスは完全に消失した.本症例ではα-GIの中止によりすみやかにHPVGは消退したが,腸管壊死を伴う場合死亡率はきわめて高率である.HPVGは,腸管粘膜に何らかの損傷があり,ガスなどの貯留などにより腸管内圧が上昇し発症すると考えられる.α-GIの副作用と類似した消化器症状が再出現し,繰り返す場合は,HPVGも念頭に置き,注意深い観察が必要である.

著者

加藤 徹

出版者

社団法人 農業農村工学会

雑誌

農業土木学会誌 (ISSN:03695123)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.8, pp.843-847,a1, 1999-08-01 (Released:2011-08-11)

参考文献数

13

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明治後期から昭和前期にかけ, 行われた耕地整理事業において標準区画的に採用されていた短辺10問, 長辺30間の1反歩について, 上野英三郎が「日本に1反歩が適当なりとは如何の論拠より来りたるか, 余輩は未だ不幸にして, 何等解釈を聞く能ず」と疑問を投げかけていた。そこで, 本報では, この1反歩区画のルーツ等について歴史的観点から総説的に跡づけることを試みた。その結果, 1反歩区画は, 条里制の区画割の半折型 (12間×30間=360歩) →太閤検地の面積基準 (5間×60問=300歩)→鴻巣式の1反歩区画 (10間×30間=300歩) という流れになること, などについて整理できた。

著者

速水 敏彦 小平 英志

出版者

日本パーソナリティ心理学会

雑誌

パーソナリティ研究 (ISSN:13488406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.171-180, 2006 (Released:2006-03-31)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

14 7

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これまで,他者軽視に基づく仮想的有能感に関して,感情経験との関連を中心とした検討が行われてきた(速水ほか,2003).本研究では,低い自尊感情を補償しようと,他者軽視を行う典型的なタイプを抽出するために有能感の類型論的アプローチを用い,学習観と学習に対する動機づけとの関連を検討した.高校生395名に対して他者軽視,自尊感情,学習観(学習量,環境,方略志向),および自己決定理論に基づく動機づけ(外的,取り入れ的,同一化的,内発的動機づけ)の尺度が実施された.相関関係からは,他者軽視に基づく仮想的有能感は学習量志向と負の関連にあることが示された.また各類型の特徴を整理した結果,仮想型では,自尊型と比べて,外的動機づけおよび取り入れ的動機づけが高く,同一化的動機づけと内発的動機づけが低い傾向にあった.萎縮型では,いずれの動機づけも低い傾向にあった.