- 著者
-
松本 麻人
- 出版者
- 日本比較教育学会
- 雑誌
- 比較教育学研究 (ISSN:09166785)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.2020, no.61, pp.183-205, 2020 (Released:2023-07-19)
About 40% of private 4-year universities in South Korea are Christian. Although half are ex-Christian theological seminaries, the transformative development process that was involved in their establishment as universities has not been discussed thus far. This paper focuses on the fact that the seminaries, which were unrecognized in the 1980s, were approved as miscellaneous schools as part of a government-controlled, pre-university promotion process. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the influence that these schools later exerted on Christian universities’ development by examining the offensive and defensive process between national policies on unrecognized seminaries, the various strategies that seminaries used, and the transformation that has taken place with. We will discuss how the seminaries’ transformation into miscellaneous schools has contributed to establishment Christian universities. In this paper, we use Barton R. Clark’s triangle model as a theoretical framework. This model sets the state, society, and university as influential factors in the transformation of higher education organizations. This paper adds religious society as an influential factor in the transformation of seminaries. Relevant literature was reviewed in order to explore the details that pertain to government measures and responses from affected seminaries. We referred to published parliamentary minutes, government documents and statistics, and historical school materials. We obtained public government documents that have not been released to the public by requesting the information from government records archives. Moreover, in order to clarify the seminaries’ correspondence, we referred to literature that was in addition to each university’s school history. The 1970s, increase in the number of Christians coupled with the government’s growing restrictions on higher education meant that minister training was outpaced, resulting in many unrecognized seminaries. The government complained that these seminaries were recruiting students for themselves as “schools” and illegally granting degrees. The government then formulated a plan to control such seminaries. An announcement was made that seminaries that meet certain standards would be promoted to universities or miscellaneous schools, and the rest would be closed. The government has also sought to incorporate high-quality seminaries into their higher education system, increasing their capacities and providing financial support. Many seminaries applied for approval given the importance of their maintenance as minister-training schools. In addition, the recognition of the state as a higher education institution has been important for establishing schools’ social status. Obtaining a status that facilitates senior school entrance is useful for effective functioning as an educator training system since educators would obtain future degrees. It is also evident that the various Christian societies place great importance on the maintenance of their seminaries. However, only a few seminaries have been approved. Christian society revolted over the repeal of many seminaries, but some seminaries supported the government. Therefore, the government succeeded in dividing Christianity society. Seminaries in transition were obliged to comply with laws and regulations relating to facilities and equipment, staffing, teacher qualifications, and curricula. The schools had to include Korean history, national ethics and physical education as required subjects. Despite this, the schools became miscellaneous schools because it was possible to maintain the theology department and the essential function of minister training. (View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)