著者

BELÉN LOPEZ JOSÉ MANUEL LOPEZ-GARCIA SERAFÍN COSTILLA EVA GARCIA-VAZQUEZ EDUARDO DOPICO ANTONIO F. PARDIÑAS

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.170515, (Released:2017-07-20)

被引用文献数

6

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The hypothesis of an American origin of acquired (venereal) syphilis and other infectious diseases carried by Columbus’s crew has been considered for a long time as the most plausible one, and has been supported recently by considerable anthropological and molecular evidence. According to this line of thought, it can be argued that Spain would have been the gateway of acquired syphilis, which quickly expanded after the return of Columbus in the late 15th century. However, the hypothesis that syphilis previously existed in Europe but went unrecognized has also been considered by many authors. The present work reports one Pre-Columbian putative case of venereal syphilis found in a Spanish necropolis and radiocarbon dated to the 9th–11th century. The complexities of carrying out accurate diagnoses in remains from archaeological timeframes are addressed by the combined use of palaeopathological, medical, and histological techniques. The results, which point toward third-stage acquired syphilis, spark discussion about the need to revisit or complement the theories and hypothesis on the origin of syphilis in the light of a growing body of cases from European historical populations.

著者

Takanori Masukawa Kyeong-Seong Cheon Daiki Mizuta Akira Nakatsuka Nobuo Kobayashi

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-075, (Released:2017-07-05)

被引用文献数

9

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Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) has an important role in determining anthocyanin patterns in plants. Here, we analyzed root coloration characteristics in the radish by investigating anthocyanidin and expression of F3'H genes in cultivars with purple, red, or white roots. Cyanidin was detected in the roots of the purple radish, while pelargonidin was found in the red radish; however, neither of these anthocyanidins was detected in white radish. We isolated the RsF3'H gene of the purple root radish and found that it showed a relatively higher level of expression compared to the RsF3'H of the red radish. Moreover, we identified a retrotransposon, gypsy-Ty3, in the first exon of the F3'H homolog in the red radish. These results suggested that the F3'H enzyme may determine cyanidin-based anthocyanin in the purple radish, and that the lack of F3'H function due to the retrotransposon insertion, contributed to pelargonidin-based anthocyanin accumulation in the red radish.

著者

Osamu Nakajima Tomoko Nishimaki-Mogami Kazunari Kondo

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.11, pp.1876-1880, 2016-11-01 (Released:2016-11-01)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

4

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Genome editing has undergone rapid development during the last three years. It is anticipated that genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for food purposes will be widely produced using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 (CRISPR)/Cas9 system in the near future. However, the Cas9 gene may then enter the genomes of GMOs for food if the breeding process is not strictly managed, which could lead to the Cas9 protein or associated peptides being produced within these organisms. A variety of peptides could theoretically be produced from the Cas9 gene by using open reading frames different from that of Cas9 in the GMOs. In this study, Cas9 and the peptides potentially encoded by Cas9 genes were studied regarding their immunogenicity, in terms of the digestibility of Cas9 and the homology of the peptides to food allergens. First, the digestibility and thermal stability of Cas9 were studied. Digestibility was tested with natural or heat-denatured Cas9 in simulated gastric fluid in vitro. The two types of Cas9 were digested rapidly. Cas9 was also gradually degraded during heat treatment. Second, the peptides potentially encoded by Cas9 genes were examined for their homology to food allergens. Specifically, an 8-mer exact match search and a sliding 80-mer window search were performed using allergen databases. One of the peptides was found to have homology with a food allergen.

著者

MAEDA Yousuke OHTSUKA Hiromichi TOMIOKA Michiko TANABE Taishi NAMBO Yasuo UEMATSU Haruki OIKAWA Masa-aki

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.5, pp.629-632, 2012

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<i>Escherichia coli</i>(<i>E. coli</i>) isolated from the uterus of a Thoroughbred mare with bacterial endometritis was used to evaluate the effect of progesterone (P₄) on the immune response of mares. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 10 nonpregnant clinically healthy adult mares (range, 4-12 years) during diestrus, four Thoroughbreds and six Hokkaido native horses. Cell proliferation and expression of cytokine mRNA, including interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-10, of PBMCs stimulated with <i>E. coli</i> and P₄ were examined <i>in vitro</i>. P₄ was shown to have significantly inhibited <i>E. coli</i> induced proliferation and expression of IFN-γ in PBMCs. These results indicate that P₄ inhibits the immune response to <i>E. coli</i> in mares.

著者

長峯 健太郎 矢島 秀伸 清水 一紘 青山 尚平 平下 博之 Hou Kuan-Chou Chen Li-Hsin Zhu Qirong Sadegh Khochfar Claudio Dalla Vecchia

出版者

大阪大学

雑誌

基盤研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

2014-06-27

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宇宙論的銀河形成流体コードGADGET-3を用いて、早期宇宙から現在に至るまでの銀河形成と進化の統一的理解を推進した。具体的には、新たな超新星爆発モデルとダストの破壊・成長モデルをシミュレーションコードに組み込み、ダストとメタルを空間的・時間的に追うことに成功した。銀河の光度関数や質量関数、及びダストによるextinctionの空間分布も計算した。また、宇宙論的ズーム計算においては、矮小銀河の質量獲得史および星形成史を調べた。その結果、フィードバックが強いモデルにおいては、ガスが吹き飛ばされて銀河円盤が破壊され、より乱れたガス分布の初代銀河が形成されることがわかった。

著者

石田 洋 古澤 一思 牧野 高志 石坂 丞二 渡邉 豊 Hiroshi Ishida Kazusi Furusawa Takashi Makino Joji Ishizaka Yutaka W. Watanabe 株式会社環境総合テクノス 株式会社日本海洋生物研究所 株式会社ケーズブレインズ 名古屋大学宇宙地球環境研究所 北海道大学大学院地球環境科学研究院 The General Environmental Technos Co. Ltd. Marine Biological Research Institute of Japan Co. Ltd. K's Brains Co. Ltd. Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research (ISEE) Nagoya University Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University

出版者

日本海洋学会

雑誌

海の研究 = Umi no Kenkyu (Oceanography in Japan) (ISSN:21863105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.17-41, 2016-03-15

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西部北太平洋亜熱帯海域の定点(北緯22.5度,東経131.8度)で,2004年から2006年の各年の夏季に,調査地点の500km以内に台風が通過した後の10日以内におこなわれた植物プランクトン群集組成の調査結果を解析した。2006年の台風はEWINIARとBILISで,最接近時の移動速度がそれぞれ2.8と4ms^<-1>であり,2004年のKOMPUS(6.5ms^<-1>)と2005年のHAITANG(7.9ms^<-1>)に比べて遅かった。人工衛星による観測では,2006年のこれらの台風が通過した後,海表面水温が低下し,クロロフィルaが調査地点を含む広範囲において増加していた。また,植物プランクトンが増加しており,優占種はPlanktoniella solで,細胞数は4×10^<7> cells m^<-2>であり,2004年(1×10^5 cells m^<-2>)と2005年(5×10^4 cells m^<-2>)に比べて2-3桁高かった。さらに,シアノバクテリアおよびバクテリアの炭素態現存量も,2004年と2005年に比べ約2倍高かった。同じ地点で2002年12月から2005年7月まで実施したセジメントトラップによる沈降粒子観測では,台風の影響と考えられる変動はみられなかった。Phytoplankton communities and carbon biomass were investigated at 22.5°N, 131.8°E in the western North Pacific subtropical region between 2004 and 2006 within 10 days of a typhoon passing within 500km of the survey point. The typhoons of 2006 were EWINIAR and BILIS. The translation speeds of these typhoons at the nearest area from the survey point were 2.8 and 4 m s^<-1>, respectively slower than that of 2004's typhoon KOMPUS (6.5 m s^<-1>) and 2005's typhoon HITANG (7.9 m s^<-1>). After the 2006 typhoons, the sea surface water temperature decreased, and the chlorophyll-a increased over a wide area, including the investigation point. The number of diatoms in 2006 increased, and the carbon biomass was 5-10 times higher compared with 2004 and 2005. The dominant species of diatom was Planktoniella sol with 4×10^7 cells m^<-2> which was considerably higher than the cell density 2004 (1×10^5 cells m^<-2>) and 2005 (5×10^4 cells m^<-2>). 2006 carbon biomass of the cyanobacteria and bacteria was twice as high as that of other years. The settling particle flux after a specific typhoon was not increased, in contrast with the hypothesis we derived from the increasing biomass data.

著者

Andrei BITA George Dan MOGOSANU Ludovic Everard BEJENARU Carmen Nicoleta OANCEA Cornelia BEJENARU Octavian CROITORU Gabriela RAU Johny NEAMTU Iulia Daria SCOREI Ion Romulus SCOREI John HUNTER Brad EVERS Boris NEMZER Florin ANGHELINA Otilia-Constantina ROGOVEANU

出版者

(社)日本分析化学会

雑誌

Analytical Sciences (ISSN:09106340)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.6, pp.743-746, 2017-06-10 (Released:2017-06-10)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

4

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The paper describes a new, simple, selective and precise high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous identification and quantitative determination of boric acid (BA) and calcium fructoborate (CFB) in bulk and tablet/capsule dosage forms of dietary supplements. HPTLC silica gel G 60 F254 precoated glass plates were used as the stationary phase. The mobile phase consisted of 2-propanol–water 8:2 (v/v). The two boron-based compounds were adequately separated with the Rf values of 0.83 ± 0.01 (BA) and 0.59 ± 0.01 (CFB).

著者

Yi-Don CHOI Hyun-Jung HAN

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17-0057, (Released:2017-06-29)

被引用文献数

3

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A four-year-old dachshund presented with a two-week history of pyrexia, depression, and cough. Four months earlier, the owner observed the dog swallow a whole popsicle stick, but the animal showed no clinical signs at that time. Radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography confirmed an intrathoracic linear foreign body and pleural effusion in the right thorax. The pleural fluid was bloody and purulent, and contained inflammatory cells and Escherichia coli. The dog was diagnosed with pyothorax induced by a foreign body, and was treated successfully by surgical removal of the foreign body, partial lung lobectomy, thoracic lavage, and antibiotics. The foreign body was identified as a popsicle stick that the dog had eaten.

著者

Sauzier-Uchida Emi

出版者

早稲田大学政治経済学部教養諸学研究会

雑誌

敎養諸學研究 (ISSN:02884801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.126, pp.99-130, 2009-03-25

著者

Hiroki YAMAZAKI Naoki MIURA Yu-Chang LAI Masashi TAKAHASHI Yuko GOTO-KOSHINO Momoi YASUYUKI Munekazu NAKAICHI Hajime TSUJIMOTO Asuka SETOGUCHI Yasuyuki ENDO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.16-0457, (Released:2017-06-06)

被引用文献数

8

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We examined whether multidrug resistant (MDR) canine lymphoma increases gene expression for platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and c-KIT, and whether toceranib phosphate (TOC) has potential as a treatment for MDR canine lymphoma. The clinical data showed that PDGFRα expression was higher in canine subjects with MDR T-cell lymphoma than in those with untreated T-cell lymphoma, and that c-KIT expression was greater in subjects with T-cell lymphoma than in those with B-cell lymphoma. TOC monotherapy was well tolerated without serious adverse effects, and two of the five subjects that received TOC exhibited partial responses. The data presented here could contribute to the assessment of TOC-based therapy for dogs with MDR or T-cell lymphoma.

著者

Teppei J. Yasunari Masashi Niwano Yasushi Fujiyoshi Atsushi Shimizu Masamitsu Hayasaki Teruo Aoki Arlindo M. da Silva Brent N. Holben Sumito Matoba Naoto Murao Sadamu Yamagata Kyu-Myong Kim

出版者

(公社)日本気象学会

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.96-101, 2017 (Released:2017-06-01)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2

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Monitoring particulate matter is essential to alert the public about health risks. The Terra/MODIS true color image clearly captured a yellow band over Hokkaido prefecture in Japan on 7 March 2016. We investigated whether this event was an Asian dust (Kosa) transport or not with the ground-based observations in Sapporo and Takikawa in Hokkaido and NASA's MERRA-2 re-analysis data. The timing of increased particle number concentrations (PNCs; greater than 0.5 μm) was clearly measured by a low-cost aerosol sensor at Sapporo and Takikawa in the early afternoon. For this particle size range, the PNC by this aerosol sensor had greater agreement with another commercial instrument for the 1-hourly mean data. The lidar data at Takikawa and NASA's AERONET at Sapporo also implied the increased dust particles (i.e., dominance of non-spherical and coarse particles, respectively), which supported that the PNC increase was due to the dust transport. The hourly PM2.5 data in Sapporo significantly increased in the evening rather than around the noon to early afternoon. We concluded that this event was judged as an Asian dust (Kosa) event in Hokkaido starting from the early afternoon, which was, however, not reported by Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) based on their visible observations.

著者

Beuran Razvan Chinen Ken-ichi Tan Yasuo Shinoda Yoichi

出版者

北陸先端科学技術大学院大学先端科学技術研究科情報科学系

雑誌

Research report (School of Information Science, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) (ISSN:09187553)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.IS-RR-2016-003, pp.1-16, 2016-10-14

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Effective cybersecurity education and training are important for preparing current and future IT professionals to properly and swiftly deal withreal-life security incidents. In this paper we use the main cybersecurity training programs in Japan as a detailed case study for analyzing the best practices and methodologies in the field of cybersecurity education and training. Based on this analysis and our first-hand experience with some of the said training programs, we then define the requirements that must be met in order to ensure effective cybersecurity education and training.Finally, we discuss our research and development endeavor towards creating a framework that meets these requirements, so as to facilitate effectiveeducation and training in cybersecurity.

著者

Ajay B. Limaye Jean-Louis Grimaud Yuhei Komatsu Chris Paola

出版者

日本地球惑星科学連合

雑誌

JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017

巻号頁・発行日

2017-03-10

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Submarine channels convey turbidity currents, whose deposits are key hydrocarbon reservoirs and indirect records of continental denudation. Submarine channel patterns resemble those of their subaerial counterparts, but controls on the form and dynamics of submarine channels and associated deposits remain comparatively uncertain. Existing laboratory experiments show that braided channels can develop under similarly high flow width-to-depth ratios for both subaerial and submarine conditions. We conducted a new set of experiments with net-depositional density currents to (1) further test the conditions for channel formation; (2) test the response of channel and bar geometry to changes in the ratio of water-to-sediment flux, inlet conditions, and submarine versus subaerial conditions; and (3) quantify the relative timescales of channel lateral migration, abandonment, and aggradation. We generated density currents within a freshwater basin using saline inflows that transported plastic sediment as bedload across a platform 2 m long and 1 m wide. We find that across a 2.7-fold range in the ratio of water-to-sediment flux, submarine braided channels consistently develop, are more pronounced upstream, and can transition to zones of sheet flow downstream. We measured topographic statistics directly, and using a reduced-complexity flow model. The topographic analysis showed that braiding index is higher for subaerial than for submarine conditions with other variables fixed. For a representative submarine experiment, channel lateral motion decorrelated in double the time to move laterally one channel width, and one-third the time to aggrade one channel depth. We propose a new stratigraphic model for submarine braided channels, wherein sand bodies are more laterally connected and less vertically persistent compared to those formed by submarine meandering channels. These results suggest that channel pattern is a key variable for predicting stratigraphic architecture in submarine environments.

著者

Takashi Shimizu Shosuke Akita Yoshinori Harada Eri Oguro Yasutaka Okita Minoru Shigesaka Hidetoshi Matsuoka Takuro Nii Satoru Teshigawara Eriko Kudo-Tanaka Soichiro Tsuji Masato Matsushita Shiro Ohshima Yoshihiko Hoshida Jun Hashimoto Yukihiko Saeki

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.10, pp.1243-1246, 2017-05-15 (Released:2017-05-15)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

6

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A 72-year-old man presented with persistent oligoarthritis and positive results for rheumatoid factor and was suspected of having rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSUS) findings were not consistent with those of typical RA. He had undergone surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome, which allowed both histopathological and microbiological examinations to be performed. A synovial tissue culture was positive for Sporothrix schenckii, and he was diagnosed with sporotrichal tenosynovitis. He received anti-fungal therapy, and the sporotrichal tenosynovitis resolved. This case suggests that MSUS is a useful modality, and sporotrichal tenosynovitis, though rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of RA.

著者

Xing-Gang Zhuo Shaw Watanabe

出版者

日本疫学会

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.4, pp.275-284, 1999 (Released:2007-11-30)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

12 31

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Dietary factors were analyzed for the regional difference of GI tract cancer mortality rates in China. Sixty-five rural counties were selected among a total of 2, 392 counties to represent a range of rates for seven most prevalent cancers. The dietary data in the selected 65 counties were obtained by three-day dietary record of households in 1983. The four digestive cancer mortality rates (annual cases per 100, 000 standardized truncated rates for ages 35-64) and per capita food consumption were analyzed by the principal components factor analysis. Esophageal cancer associated with poor area, dietary pattern rich in starchy tubers, and salt, lack of consumption of meat, eggs, vegetables and rice. Stomach cancer seemed to be less associated with diet in this study because of its small model Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy, suggesting some other carcinogenic factors would play more important role in the development of this cancer in China. The colon and rectal cancer showed close relation to diet; rich in sea vegetables, eggs, soy sauce, meat and fish, while lack in consumption of milk and dairy products. Rapeseed oil was more important risk factor for colon cancer than that of rectum. Rice, processed starch and sugar were closely associated with colon cancer, supporting the insulin/colon cancer hypothesis. J Epidemiol, 1999 ; 9 : 275-284.

著者

Takashi Toyoshima Ken-ichi Ishibashi Daisuke Yamanaka Yoshiyuki Adachi Naohito Ohno

出版者

日本医真菌学会

雑誌

Medical Mycology Journal (ISSN:21856486)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.E39-E44, 2017 (Released:2017-02-28)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2

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Aspergillus species are ubiquitous in the environment and Aspergillus fumigatus can cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. β-1,3-/1,6-glucan is a major fungal cell wall polysaccharide that has various biological effects on the infected host, but little is known about the influence of β-glucan on the fungus itself. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the cell wall β-glucan content could be increased in Aspergillus spp. by addition of β-glucan to the culture medium. In this study, we investigated the influence of β-glucan on the susceptibility of A. fumigatus to antifungal agents. A. fumigatus was cultured in the presence or absence of β-glucan for antifungal susceptibility testing based on changes of the growth rate and morphology. Susceptibility to micafungin, a β-glucan synthase inhibitor, was about 10-fold lower when β-glucan was added to the culture medium. On the other hand, susceptibility to amphotericin B and voriconazole was similar in either the presence or absence of β-glucan. These results strongly suggest that β-glucan has an important physiological role in Aspergillus spp.

著者

Jong-Jin Baik Jong-Su Paek

出版者

(公社)日本気象学会

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.6, pp.857-869, 2000-12-25 (Released:2009-09-15)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1 32

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バックプロパゲーション型ニューラルネットワークを使って、北西太平洋での熱帯低気圧の強度の変化を12,24,36,48,60,72時間について予測するモデルを開発した。用いたデータは、1983-1996の14年間の北西太平洋の熱帯低気圧に対する、低気圧の位置、強度、NCEP/NCARの再解析、それに海面水温である。ニューラルネットワークの予測因子は重線形回帰モデルの予測因子に基づいて選ばれた。回帰分析により、予測因子の一つ風の鉛直シアーが全ての予測時間に渡って一貫して重要であることを示した。予測因子として気候学的、持続的、総観的因子を用いたニューラルネットワークモデルによる平均予測誤差は、同じ予測因子を用いた重線形回帰モデルに比べて7-16さらに、予測因子として気候学的、持続的因子のみを用いたニューラルネットワークモデルの性能でさえも、総観的因子まで含んだ重線形回帰モデルの性能をわずかに上回った。ニューラルネットワークモデルの性能は14年間の全ての年について回帰モデルを上回るわけではないけれども、ニューラルネットワークモデルの方が良い年の方が逆の年よりもずっと多く、その傾向は短い予測時間の方が顕著である。感度実験により、ニューラルネットワークモデルの平均強度予測誤差は、隠れ層や隠れ層のニューロンの数には敏感ではないことを示した。しかし、熱帯低気圧強度予測のために、より良い隠れ層の構造を用いることにより、回帰モデルに比べてニューラルネットワークモデルをさらに改良する余地がいくらかある。この研究は、予測因子として気候学的、持続的、総観的因子を用いたニューラルネットワークモデルが熱帯低気圧の強度予報において有効な道具として使えることを示唆している。

著者

笠羽 康正 三澤 浩昭 土屋 史紀 笠原 禎也 井町 智彦 木村 智樹 加藤 雄人 熊本 篤志 小嶋 浩嗣 八木谷 聡 尾崎 光紀 石坂 圭吾 垰 千尋 三好 由純 阿部 琢美 Cecconi Baptiste 諸岡 倫子 Wahlund Jan-Erik JUICE-RPWI日本チーム

出版者

日本惑星科学会

雑誌

日本惑星科学会誌遊星人

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.96-107, 2016

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<p>欧州宇宙機関(ESA)木星探査機JUICEに搭載される電波・プラズマ波動観測器RPWI(Radio Plasma Wave Instruments)は,欧州チームにとり米土星探査機カッシーニ搭載のRPWS,日本チームにとり月探査機かぐや・ジオスペース探査衛星ERG・日欧水星探査機BepiColombo搭載の電波・プラズマ波動・レーダー観測器群からの発展展開となる.木星・衛星周回軌道への初投入となる低温電子・イオンおよびDC電場観測機能,電磁場三成分のプラズマ波動観測機能,電波の方向探知・偏波観測機能,および高度オンボード処理によるパッシブ表層・地下探査レーダー機能や波動-粒子相互作用検出機能の実現により,木星磁気圏の構造・ダイナミクスおよびガリレオ衛星群との相互作用,氷衛星の大気・電離圏および氷地殻・地下海へのアクセスを狙う.2016年7月に仙台で行なった「RPWIチーム会合」での最新状況を踏まえ,1970年代に遡る本チームの経緯・目標・展望を述べる.</p>

著者

Yong- Soo Kong Yu- Mi Kim Je-myung Shim

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.328-331, 2017 (Released:2017-02-24)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

21

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of modified cervical exercise and determine whether such exercise improves the range of motion of the cervical movement in smartphone users with forward head posture. [Subjects and Methods] Some 32 subjects with forward head posture participated in this study. They were randomly allocated to three groups, and the modified cervical exercises were performed either once, twice, or three times per day. The exercise program was followed for four weeks and then the joint range of motion of the participants was measured. [Results] A significantly increased range of motion was seen in all three groups that performed the modified cervical exercises. The analysis of the effects among the three groups indicated that the greatest effect was seen in Group C, members of which performed the modified exercises three times per day. In addition, a significant difference was found between Group A and Group C in terms of the inter-group results. [Conclusion] According to the results of this study, although the modified cervical exercises were performed for only a relatively short duration (four weeks), the exercises brought about an improvement in the forward head posture that was induced by using a smartphone.

著者

Tsung-Che Wei

雑誌

AGI Working Paper Series = AGI Working Paper Series

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2017-06, pp.1-26, 2017-02

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Taiwanese SMEs (small and medium enterprises) have been the source of creativity and the key driving force of economic growth early on in the 1960s, key partners in supply chain and industry clusters later, and recently focal point of local economy, social value, and dreams for young generation. However, based on the “White Paper on Small and Medium Enterprises in Taiwan,” in recent five years, share of SMEs in existence over 20 years was in the range of 21% to 23%, far below the average 35% of large enterprises. This shows the business succession / transition remains a major challenge to SMEs as going concerns. Further, compared to large enterprises, SMEs in existence over 20 years suffered significant sales decline and “the crisis of the elderly age” as their firstgeneration entrepreneurs got into old age and lost their vitality and creativity. It has become an important issue for sustainable development of SMEs to reactivate the entrepreneurial spirit, combined with sound “second-generation succession” and business transformation strategy. In this paper, we use the two key factors of succession and business transformation to analyze how the Taiwanese SMEs to reactivate the entrepreneurial Spirit. The research results provide some policy implications for Succession and transformation of Taiwanese SMEs. These points are suggested as: (1) promote market-oriented business management courses in colleges and universities to cultivate curiosity and creative thinking of potential new generation of successors;(2) form professional succession team in response to new business opportunities; (3) integrate existing knowledge exchange platforms for succession to provide customized mechanisms of knowledge sharing and exchange services required for different types of succession; (4) provide succession planning adviser or match professional managers to succession needs for SMEs' sustainable development as going concerns; (5) encourage new generation successors of SMEs to obtain innovation awards that could reactivate the entrepreneurial spirit; (6) grasp the opportunity of succession and transformation to guide SMEs towards institutionalized management; (7) establish SME succession and transformation follow-up service mechanism linking research institutions, universities and private sector professional consulting companies to meet long term counseling needs for SME succession and transformation; (8) strengthen cross-industry cooperation mechanism for SMEs’ sustainable development in order to guide the SME succession and transformation toward the direction of “professionalism,” “branding,” and “internationalization.”