著者
安川 康介 野村 恭子
出版者
日本医学教育学会
雑誌
医学教育 (ISSN:03869644)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.4, pp.275-283, 2014-08-25 (Released:2016-05-16)
参考文献数
66
被引用文献数
3

近年, 女性医師の勤務継続支援に関しては活発に議論されるようになってきたが,ジェンダー平等へ向けたより包括的な議論は不十分である.本稿では,日本の医学界におけるジェンダー不平等をめぐる現況について概観し,ジェンダー平等に向けた課題について考察する.医学界のジェンダー不平等の主な原因として,性役割分業を前提とした医師の長時間・不規則な勤務体制,女性医師の家庭と仕事の二重負担,女性に対する固定観念・偏見・差別等があげられる.女性であることが,医師として不利にならない労働環境を構築するために,ジェンダー平等へ向けた取組みが必要である.
著者
岡部 和代 黒川 隆夫
出版者
日本家政学会
雑誌
日本家政学会誌 = Journal of home economics of Japan (ISSN:09135227)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.6, pp.379-388, 2005-06-15
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
2

To clarify the characteristics of breast vibration and brassiere dislocation during running, movements of five spots on the breast surface, that of the same five spots on transparent brassieres after removing brassiere caps to visualize the breast surface, and the clothing pressures of the corresponding five spots were simultaneously monitored using an image analyzing system. The subjects for our experiment were young women with had hemispheric breasts. Obtained data of those movements and pressure were analyzed using the discrete Fourier transform. The breasts in a brassiere were vibrated at the same frequency of running. The dislocation of the brassiere from the breast surface which was observed was associated with changes in the clothing pressure at the lower half of the brassiere. Vibration of the breasts of the subjects wearing spots brassieres was move obvious in the vertical direction, while vibration of the breasts of the breasts of the subjects wearing full-cup brassieres was more obvious in the horizontal direction.
著者
松澤 孝明
出版者
国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構
雑誌
情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.12, pp.852-870, 2014-03-01 (Released:2014-03-01)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
1

わが国における研究不正の低減に向けた検討に資するため,すでに2回にわたり諸外国の国家研究公正システム(NRIS)の特徴とその背景を比較・分析した。今回は最終報告として,各国における研究不正の定義や情報公開の考え方を整理するとともに,各国の研究公正当局が取り扱う研究不正事案の年平均件数を推定した。また,不正の特徴を比較・分析した。最後に,3回の報告全体を通じた考察を行った。わが国の研究不正の特徴は,欧米先進国と共通性があるが,一方で,アジア諸国の特徴との類似性も一部に見られた。各国のNRIS構築の取り組みには,わが国にふさわしいNRISを構築していくうえで参考になるものが多い。
著者
千田 若菜 岡田 智
出版者
北海道大学大学院教育学研究院附属子ども発達臨床研究センター
雑誌
子ども発達臨床研究 (ISSN:18821707)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, pp.57-66, 2021-03-25

ASDのある人のメンタルヘルスにおける、不適応の予防的観点から、過剰適応の概念に着目する必要性を整理することを目的に、わが国におけるASDの過剰適応について報告した文献を概観した。過剰適応はわが国に特有の概念と考えられており、海外では類似する概念としてperfectionism(完璧主義)やburnout(燃え尽き)、camouflage(カモフラージュ)が、ASDのメンタルヘルスに関わる要因として指摘されている。特にカモフラージュは、近年のASD研究で注目されており、実証研究を通じ有用な知見が見出されている。過剰適応もカモフラージュも、社会的状況で生じ、従事している間は外見上問題がないように見えるが、従事した結果の悪影響があることは共通している。一方で、臨床家から過剰適応として指摘されている現象の中には、カモフラージュでは説明しきれない特徴や変数が存在する。ASDのある人への不適応の予防的支援に向け、過剰適応と他の類似する概念の整理が研究上の課題となっている。
著者
山本 正治
出版者
一般社団法人 日本農村医学会
雑誌
日本農村医学会雑誌 (ISSN:04682513)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.6, pp.795-803, 1996-03-30 (Released:2011-08-11)
参考文献数
15

Geographical distribution of standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for biliary tract cancer (BTC) showed a characteristic clustering pattern; high in the northeastern regions and low in the southwestern regions of Japan. Among the 47 prefectures (corresponding to counties in the U. S.) with high SMRs, Niigata Prefecture has been the highest in both sexes for the last two decades. It was found that the cities, towns and villages in Niigata where the mortalities from BTC were high were correspondent with rice producing areas.In addition, it was revealed that the sources of tap water in the cities with high SMRs in Niigata were commonly big rivers, whereas in those with low SMRs they were either reservoirs located in the mountains, underground water or small river originating from the mountains. Based on these findings, the contamination of tap water by agricultural chemicals form paddy fields was suspected as a cause of the high mortality from BTC. Among several chemicals examined, diphenylether herbicide, chlornitrofen (CNP) and its derivative (CNP-amino) were detected high in tap water in the cities with higher SMRs and they seem to be related to the occurrence of BTC, particularly of female gallbladder cancer.
著者
川野 芽生
出版者
日本比較文学会
雑誌
比較文学 (ISSN:04408039)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, pp.22-36, 2017-03-31 (Released:2020-04-01)

The Japanese translation of The Lord of the Rings by Seta Teiji is criticized to be too ‘Japanesque' and incoherent as to his choice of word used to translate the place-names in the text. He has translated some place-names by sense, but others phonetically. However, this incoherence and Japanization is deliberate. Tolkien, the author of The Lord of the Rings, has set a strict rule about nomenclature in the text. He has used multiple languages to name places in the Middle-earth, his invented world. This multilingualism shows the variety of peoples living in the world. He has written a guide to the names in this novel for the use of translators of this novel and has said in it that names consisted of present-day English vocabulary should be translated into the language of translation according to their meaning and the others should be left unchanged. The apparent incoherency of Seta's translation has come from his following this rule. In addition, he has distinguished names to be translated word-forword from names to be modified to give them an appearance of actual Japanese names. He has translated nonliterally the tongue of Hobbits, through whose eyes the events are reported, thus making readers feel that they are familiar, while Common Speech has been translated literally. Though Hobbiton in the Middle-earth can be identified with England, Tolkien gives greater importance to the universality of his imaginary world than to the Englishness of it. Seta's Japanization of the world is a response to Tolkien's choice.
著者
Harumi Okuyama Yoichi Fujii Atsushi Ikemoto
出版者
The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
雑誌
Journal of Health Science (ISSN:13449702)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.3, pp.157-177, 2000-06-01 (Released:2008-04-14)
参考文献数
183
被引用文献数
16 27

Classic lipid nutrition for the prevention of chronic, elderly-onset diseases was apparently established before 1960, assuming that hypercholesterolemia is the major risk factor and that raising the polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) ratio of dietary fatty acids is hypocholesterolemic. However, the hypocholesterolemic effect of linoleic acid (LA) was found to be transient. Furthermore, hypercholesterolemia itself is unlikely to be a serious risk factor for diseases in the elderly because serum cholesterol level is positively correlated with longevity. Instead, a high n-6/n-3 ratio of dietary fatty acids was found to increase thrombotic tendency, decrease peripheral blood flow and lead to persistent inflammation, which was proposed to be the major risk factor for atherosclerosis and related diseases. Based on animal experiments and epidemiological studies, we recommend a reduction in the intake of LA from a current value of >6 en% to half, and a reduced n-6/n-3 ratio from the current value of >4 to 2. Simply decreasing LA intake would produce the recommended n-6 and n-3 fatty acid balance in Japan due to the typical Japanese diet, but both decreasing the intake of LA and increasing that of n-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is necessary in Western industrialized countries for the effective prevention of atherosclerosis and related diseases, as well as of apoplexy, allergic hyper-reactivity and cancers typical in Western populations.
著者
内藤恥叟 口授
出版者
東崖堂
巻号頁・発行日
vol.第1-7, 1888