著者

パーヴェル イリーイン 山田 晴通

出版者

日本地図学会

雑誌

地図 (ISSN:00094897)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.13-41, 1995-06-30 (Released:2011-07-19)

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ボリシェヴィキ革命から1991年12月の消滅に至る旧ソ連について, 人名が付けられた都市地名の改称の流れを, 長老都市地理学者が検討する. 特に注目される改称の波には,(a)政治的・軍事的指導者を讃えた1920年代・1930年代,(b)スターリン色を払拭し, 自国の作家・作曲家・詩人を讃え, 社会主義圏諸国との友好関係を持ち上げた1950年代,(c)共産主義時代の好ましくない痕跡を消し去ろうとする1980年代後半から現在に至る時期のものがある.

著者

高松 基之

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学現代史研究所

雑誌

現代史研究

巻号頁・発行日

no.13, pp.21-78, 2017-03-31

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Since 1945, 13 presidents have been sworn into office as president of the United States. Each president has adopted and developed his own unique management and decision making style. This paper aims to explore how President Dwight D. Eisenhower established his style during his presidency.In the 1950s and 1960s the prevailing image was that Eisenhower was a passive president, who reigned but did not rule, surrounded by an overly protective staff and dominated by strong cabinet secretaries such as John Foster Dulles that have been delegated too much authority. The availability of declassified materials in the Eisenhower Presidential Library challenged his passive image. At present Eisenhower is regarded as a more modern president than his youngersuccessor John F. Kennedy.Eisenhower was a president who deliberately chose to manipulate, organize, and dominate his administration with a hidden hand. Over 35 years of military experience had led Eisenhower to be deeply concerned with organizational problems. For Eisenhower, information, procedures, organization, formal meetings, and informal consultations were preparations for important decisions. Because Eisenhower placed great value on the planning process and intensive discussions, he revitalized the National Security Council (NSC) in the decision process with an appointment of Robert Cutler as the special presidential assistant on national security affairs.President Eisenhower trusted Dulles as Secretary of State and used to consult with him before and after important decisions both on foreign affairs and during the crises. There seemed to an apparent contradiction between the simultaneous existence of a strong secretary of state and a strong NSC in the White House. However, the lack of conflict between Dulles and Cutler was to due to Eisenhower’s solid confidence in secretary of state and the perception of the function of special assistant developed by Cutler. He firmly believed in the role of coordinator. Policy guidelines were formulated from the NSC process and the action of council meetings, operational decisions were usually made in the Oval Office, and diplomacy was largely in the hands of Dulles.

著者

東郷 和彦

出版者

京都産業大学法学会

雑誌

産大法学 = Sandai law review (ISSN:02863782)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3/4, pp.545-581, 2018-01

著者

及川 輝樹 筒井 正明 大學 康宏 伊藤 順一

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.4, pp.199-218, 2012-12-28 (Released:2017-03-20)

参考文献数

65

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Shinmoedake (Kyushu, Japan), which is one of the Kirishima Volcanoes, experienced several small eruptions in 2010, finally culminating in a sub-plinian eruption on January 26-27, 2011. After this sub-plinian phase, the eruption style shifts to the phase of vulcanian eruption or ash emission. This volcanic activity is still occurring. We here summarize the eruption history of Shinmoedake during the Edo period on the basis of historical records. The eruptions of Shinmoedake during the Edo period occurred in AD 1716-1717 (Kyoho eruption) and AD 1822 (the 4th year of Bunsei eruption). The Kyoho eruption, which was a large-scale (total amount of tephra: 2×1011 kg) eruption, is divided into the following seven stages. Stage 1 (Apr. 10, 1716 to May 7, 1716): small eruptions occurred over two months; Stage 2 (Sep. 26, 1716): falling ash first observed at the foot of Shinmoedake; Stage 3 (Nov. 9 to 10, 1716): the first large eruption was observed, with pumice falling over a wide area; Stage 4 (Dec. 4 to 6, 1716): small eruptions; Stage 5 (Feb. 9 to 20, 1717): the second pumice fall eruption, with an intermittent ash fall eruption thereafter; Stage 6 (Mar. 3, Mar. 8, Mar 13, Apr. 8, 1717): ash fall eruptions; Stage 7 (Sep. 9, 1717): the last ash fall eruption. These eruptions, which continued intermittently over 17 months, were characterized by multiple repetitions of a large eruption. Based on the results of a comparison between the Kyoho eruption and the 2011 eruption, the eruptions from March 30, 2010 to January 26, 2011, were similar to Stages 1 to 3 of the Kyoho eruption; the eruptions after January 26, 2011, were similar to Stages 5 to 6 of the Kyoho eruption. In addition, the relatively large eruption events of Stages 3 and 5 of the Kyoho eruption and the January 26-27, 2011, eruption began without any noticeable precursors. The eruption in the 4th year of Bunsei (AD 1822) was a small eruption that lasted less than a day. The recent eruption sequences, which were also similar to the Edo period eruptions, are divided into a small-scale eruption (the 1959 eruption) and a large-scale eruption (the 2011 eruption). The eruption duration time of the small-scale (total amount of tephra: < 1010 kg) eruption was less than a day. The eruption duration time of the large-scale (total amount of tephra: > 1010 kg) eruption could be a few months or years. Both eruption sequences began with a small eruption. A large-scale eruption can occur a few months after the start of the eruption sequence. This is an important turning point in the eruption sequence of Shinmoedake.

著者

沐猴冠者 著

出版者

[沐猴冠者自筆]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第1編, 1884

著者

野原 康弘 Yasuhiro Nohara 桃山学院大学経営学部

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 = St. Andrew's University Journal of Christian Studies (ISSN:0286973X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.44, pp.1-42, 2009-02-20

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In UK, the death of Elizabeth II automatically should place her son Charles, Prince of Wales, on the throne. There should be no difficulty at all as to who inherits the crown; no civil strife between her children, Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward. In the past, however, this peaceful state of crowning was not common, on the contrary, coronations often led to bloodshed; the first in succession to the throne did not always manage to mount the throne. When King Edward the Confessor died childless in 1066, a question, who should succeed the throne, occurred naturally. Edgar, who was the grandson of King Edmund, was one, Norwegian-Danish King Harald was also one, and Guillaume, the Duke of Normandy was another. Nevertheless Harold, the son of Earl Godwin, took a drastic measure: he had two services on the same day; King Edward's burial and his own coronation, which was extremely unusual even at that time, and which eventually aggravated the matter. The above three people appealed Harold's coronation. Edgar, however, was regarded too small to succeed the throne. King Harald from Norway invaded the north of England and occupied York temporarily but was finally defeated by newly crowned King Harold at the Battle of Stamford Bridge. Guillaume with a stronger claim against Harold was different from the two. He was waiting for the good time for a battle with Harold. Guillaume was born in 1027 at Falaise in Normandy, France, as an illegitimate child of the sixth Duke Robert of Normandy. King Edward's mother, Emma, was from Normandy, and Guillaume and King Edward were relatives. Guillaume made an invasion at Pevensey with a great fleet of warships in 1066. As is well-known, he completely beat King Harold's army at the Battle of Hastings. Nevertheless, it was more than two months before he crowned himself as William the Conqueror, King of England. This summer, I visited cities and towns in Normandy which were related to Guillaume, and also drove along the south-eastern coast of England. This means that I tried to follow the steps of Guillaume's conquest of England.

著者

中村 功 Isao Nakamura

雑誌

松山大学論集 = Matsuyama University review (ISSN:09163298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.3, pp.133-162, 1998-08-01

著者

リュアー ゲァート 中島 巖

出版者

関西大学

雑誌

関西大学外国語教育研究 (ISSN:13467689)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.87-102, 2005-03

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原著:リュアー, ゲァー 翻訳:中島, 巖

著者

横田 勝 三船 温尚 清水 克朗

出版者

高岡短期大学

雑誌

高岡短期大学紀要 (ISSN:09157387)

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.19-26, 1994

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スズを基としたスズ-銅-アンチモン合金は一般にホワイトメタルと呼ばれ,工業用軸受け材料やピューターと呼ばれる工芸材料に多く利用されている。本実験では工芸材料の立場から金相学および機械的性質について実験と検討を行った。得られた結果は次の通りである ; (1)Sn-CuおよびSn-Sb 2元系合金の冷却過程において熱分析曲線の上で2種類の発熱ピークが観察された。一方,Sn-Cu-Sb 3元系合金では3種類のピークが観察された。これら3種類の合金の60OK付近で現われる第1ピークは平衡状態図中の液相線上の点に相当する。約500Kで現われる第2ピークは,それぞれSn-Cu系ではa/α+η,Sn-Sb系ではα/α+β. Sn-Cu-Sb系ではα+γ/α+β+γの変態温度に相当する。Sn-Cu-Sb 3元合金だけは520K付近で第3のピークが観察された。これは平衡状態図中の固相線温度に相当する。(2)5mass% CuまでのSnへの参加による硬さへの影響はほとんど認められなかった。しかしながら、SnへのSbの添加は硬さを著しく向上させた。SnへのCuとSbの同時添加は3元系合金の硬さを効果的に高めた。(3)本3元系合金の強化機構は時効硬化型であると考えられる。

著者

中島 務

出版者

一般社団法人 日本耳鼻咽喉科学会

雑誌

日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 (ISSN:00306622)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.117, no.10, pp.1277-1279, 2014-10-20 (Released:2014-11-21)

参考文献数

4

著者

中島 務

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.4, pp.243-251, 2017-08-31 (Released:2017-10-01)

参考文献数

48

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The concept of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss appeared after the term “Meniere's disease” was widely used. Until around the middle of the 20th century, sudden sensorineural hearing loss had been reported together with Meniere's disease. Moreover, sudden sensorineural hearing loss had been reported collectively regardless of the cause of the hearing loss. In 1944, de Kleyn reported a group of patients with sudden loss of function of the octavus-system in apparently normal persons. This was the first report in the literature which collectively described idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss or idiopathic sudden deafness. From around the middle of the 20th Century, the number of papers regarding idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss gradually increased. Vertigo occurred frequently in patients with severe hearing loss in the high-tone frequencies or with profound hearing loss throughout the whole range of frequencies. Recently magnetic resonance imaging revealed findings not only in the cochlea but also in the vestibule on the affected side in patients with vertigo. Endolymphatic hydrops was revealed in some patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the etiology of sudden hearing loss including the vertigo mechanism. At the present time, however, the border between Meniere's disease and idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss is unclear.

著者

エヌ・ア・オストロフスキイ 著

出版者

ナウカ社

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第1部, 1936

著者

澤 幸祐 大北 碧 西山 慶太 鮫島 和行

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.29-36, 2017 (Released:2017-06-29)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 1

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Animals, including humans, communicate by transmitting various kinds of information to each other. Although individuals of the same animal species share a channel of communication, it is sometimes difficult to explore the nature of communication between different animal species. In this study, the transmission of information between humans and horses was examined regarding the three-term contingency in behavior analysis. We introduced studies in which signals from humans are discriminative stimuli for horses, and in which signals from humans are reinforcing stimuli for horses. Possibility and difficulty of information transmission between humans and horses were discussed.

著者

笠原 義晃 松本 亮介 近藤 宇智朗 小田 知央 嶋吉 隆夫 金子 晃介 岡村 耕二

雑誌

研究報告インターネットと運用技術(IOT) (ISSN:21888787)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2018-IOT-40, no.2, pp.1-6, 2018-02-26

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インターネットを介して多種多様なサービスが提供されるようになり,そのサービス基盤となるホスティングやクラウドサービスには高効率化,耐障害性,負荷変動への耐性,柔軟性,セキュリティなどさまざまな要件が求められている.本研究では,これらの問題を解決するため FastContainer と呼ぶ軽量コンテナに基づくシステムアーキテクチャの改良を進めており,特にオートスケーリングのために必要な状況検知やリソーススケジューリング機能の研究開発のため,パブリッククラウド上にテスト環境を構築している.本論文では FastContainer の概要とテスト環境の詳細,現状と今後の課題について述べる.

著者

辻井 弘忠 浅井 貴之

出版者

信州大学農学部

雑誌

信州大学農学部紀要 (ISSN:05830621)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.p91-98, 1985-12

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放牧地における自然交配時の木曾馬の性行動のパターン・回数および複数の牝馬が発情している時の性行動について調べた。その結果、乗駕回数が最も多い時間帯は14:00~16:30、射精の多い時間帯は11:00~14:00であった。種牡馬が発情牝馬に対して、求愛→ペニスの勃起→乗駕→ペニスの挿入→射精の完全な性行動を示したものは約11%にすぎず、他はかなり変則的であった。特に求愛行動なしに乗駕・射精に至る例が19%も存在した。一方、複数の牝馬が発情している場合、種牡馬はランダムに求愛、乗駕行動を示した。また、82回の乗駕行動のうち、種牡馬の一連の性行動が途中で中断し、直ちに別の発情中の牝馬を相手に性行動を始め乗駕する場合が13例みられた。The present investigation was carried out on the patterns and its frequency of sexual behaviour in Kiso stallion under natural mating. Most mounting behaviour occurred from 14:00 to 16:30, and most ejaculation behaviour occurred from 11:00 to 14:00 (Fig. 7). The stallion exhibits distinct phases to estrus mare : courtship, erection and mounting, intromissin and ejaculation. But, the perfectry sexal behaviour in stallion was only 11%, the other was irregular sexual behaviour. Specially, the most irregular sexual behaviour which the stallion mounts to estrous mare; brought in the wake of intromission and ejaculation without courtship behaviour was existence 19% (Table 2). When the plural mares are behavioral signs of estrous, the stallion exhibits at randam courtship and mounting to estrous mares. The stallion breaked on the part of the way internuption behaviour on the first estrous mare, at once he began the sexual behaviour to other mare. These cases existed thirteen-eighty seconds. (Table 3.4).

出版者

宮崎左近

巻号頁・発行日

vol.文政8, 1824

著者

東郷 平八郎 閣下(元帥海軍大将 伯爵東郷平八郎閣下)

出版者

ビクター

巻号頁・発行日

1935-05

著者

平野 智紀 原田 悠輔 加藤 紗夕理 畑中 一良

出版者

日本教育工学会

雑誌

日本教育工学会論文誌 (ISSN:13498290)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.Suppl., pp.113-116, 2018-03-01 (Released:2018-03-01)

参考文献数

9

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本研究では,全国学力・学習状況調査の結果を各学校が自校の教育指導・学習状況改善に活用することを促すワークショップを開発した.ジグソー法により自校の調査分析を分担して受け持つことで,自校の課題に焦点化された議論を可能にしたほか,反転学習により分析作業の一部を外に出し,多忙な学校現場においても実施可能なプログラムとした.ワークシートからは,自校の教育指導・学習状況改善のための現状認識を教員間で共有する効果があること,アンケートからは,反応レベル・学習レベル・行動変容レベルにおける一定の成果が示された.

著者

川瀬 和也

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2017, no.68, pp.109-123, 2017-04-01 (Released:2017-06-14)

参考文献数

6

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The “Idea” is, according to Hegel, the unity of the subject and object. However, as often in Hegel, his explanation of the role of the “Idea” is extraordinarily dense, and it is hard to understand what he means. In this paper, I will attempt to reveal the meaning of Hegel’s “absolute Idea” by focusing on his notion of dialectic and his favorite analogy of the circle.Robert B. Pippin argues that Hegel’s logic is the completion of Kant’s transcendental philosophy, and therefore, a kind of epistemology in itself. James Kreines, however, criticized this view in his recent book. Hegel, says Kreines, criticizes any attempt to start with the assessment of our epistemic faculties; so according to him, Pippin’s interpretation cannot be valid. I take Kreines’ critique seriously. Hegel cannot begin his philosophical system with an epistemological argument.However, it is also incorrect to start with a metaphysical argument. If we read Hegel’s argument on dialectic carefully, we can see that it is impossible for him to start with either epistemology or metaphysics. Rather, we must not fixate on where to start.Prohibiting this fixation, in Hegel’s view, shows us how to solve the problem of the gap between subject and object. And it is because of this insight, I believe, that Hegel emphasizes the analogy of the circle when he argues for a genuine method of philosophy.

著者

井ノ上 徹

出版者

高野山大学

雑誌

奨励研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

1995

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定印上に宝塔を載せる弥勒如来の図像は、善無畏訳の弥勒儀軌等には像容の説明が十分でない。このためか定印弥勒像には、彫刻、絵画、工芸の諸作例にわたっていくつかの異なるかたちが存する。しかし、これら定印弥勒像を密教史と対応させながら図像学的に系統だてて分析した研究は無かった。本研究では、先ずこのタイプの弥勒像が頭髪、着衣、持物等の表現にそれぞれ異なる特徴をそなえていることに着目した。そして、このタイプの弥勒を図像の上から第一類、第二類、第三類に分類した。その結果、第一類から第三類の定印弥勒像制作の背景にはつぎのような事実があるという知見も得た。◎第一類 儀軌の記述に忠実な如来形で古いかたち(例、仁和寺本『弥勒菩薩畫像集』一図等)。螺髪上に宝冠を頂き、衲衣を着し、宝塔を捧ぐ。この如来形は善無畏訳『胎蔵図像』の毘瀘遮那を意識した台密(寺門系)伝来の図像。弥勒即大日の密教思想が反映。◎第二類 宋図様の影響をうけた宝冠毘瀘遮那を意識した如来形と菩薩形の中間的像容(例、『撹禅鈔』一図、快慶作建久三年銘像等)。宝髻上に宝冠を頂き、衲衣を着すという宋仏画の形式をとる。この第二類も弥勒(菩薩)即大日(毘瀘遮那如来)という密教思想を反映。これら第一類、第二類は請来図像をもととしたもので、盲目的にそのかたちを踏襲するという共通した特徴がある。したがって、構図にも変化が乏しい。◎第三類 儀軌にこだわらない菩薩形で新しいかたち。宝髻上に宝冠を頂き、条帛・裙を着け、五輪塔を捧ぐ(和歌山・慈尊院本、高山寺鏡弥勒像等)。この菩薩形は、非善無畏系現図曼荼羅の胎大日を意識。この図像は兜率即密厳=弥勒即大日という東密の深秘釈に基づく。第三類は12世紀末頃わが国で成立し、以後定印弥勒像の主流をなす。第三類は定印弥勒像の日本的展開ともいえ、阿闇梨の意楽が反映され構図等に改変が多い。