著者

坂本 真里子 河野 一世 熊谷 まゆみ 赤野 裕文 畑江 敬子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本調理科学会

雑誌

日本調理科学会誌 (ISSN:13411535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.6, pp.427-434, 2007-12-20 (Released:2013-04-26)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

6

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硬度の異なる3種の水,南アルプスの天然水,エビアン,コントレックスを用いて,かつお節だし,野菜スープ,牛肉のスープストックを調製した。総窒素,遊離アミノ酸,イノシン酸,グアニル酸,有機酸の分析および官能評価を行い,水の違いを比較した。かつお節だしでは用いた水の種類によって,遊離アミノ酸のパターンが異なっていた。官能評価では総合的な好ましさに有意の差は無かったが,エビアンと南アルプスの天然水が好まれる傾向にあった。野菜スープでは南アルプスの天然水に殆どの遊離アミノ酸が多く,次いでエビアンに多かった。官能評価ではこの両者が有意に好まれた。牛肉スープストックではコントレックスがアクを最も多く分離してスープは清澄であった。遊離アミノ酸合計量はエビアンに最も多く,ついでコントレックスであった。エビアンはイノシン酸,グアニル酸も有意に多かった。官能評価で最も好まれたのはエビアンであった。硬度の異なる水で3種の煮出し汁を調製すると,溶出成分に差があった。煮出し汁の好ましさは溶出成分だけでなく,水そのものの味も影響することから,溶出成分と水の味との兼ね合いで好ましさが決まるといえる。

著者

劉 一イ 森 健

出版者

日本DDS学会

雑誌

Drug Delivery System (ISSN:09135006)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.142-148, 2022-03-25 (Released:2022-06-25)

参考文献数

48

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無害な外来抗原と自己抗原に対する免疫寛容が破綻することで生じるアレルギーや自己免疫疾患は、近年患者数が増加している。その寛解に向けて、抗原に対する免疫寛容を誘導する免疫寛容療法が研究されてきた。免疫寛容療法では、抗原を効率的かつ特異的に目的の免疫細胞に送達した後、これらを寛容性の表現型や不応答などへと導く必要がある。その際、医薬品には、抗原に対する免疫反応の回避、免疫細胞の標的化、および免疫細胞の調節の3つの機能が求められる。本稿では、抗原特異的な免疫寛容を誘導する戦略と医薬品の設計について概説し、最近の研究の例を紹介するとともに、将来展望を述べる。

著者

Toshiko KIRIBUCHI Kikue KUBOTA

出版者

The Japan Society of Home Economics

雑誌

Journal of Home Economics of Japan (ISSN:04499069)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.6, pp.418-422, 1976-09-20 (Released:2010-03-10)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2

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1) 甘藷の加熱調理 (焙焼, 電子レンジ) の際の糊化度, β-アミラーゼ活性および生成糖量の関係をしらべた.2) 焼きいもの場合, 電子レンジ加熱に比べ糖は約 2倍生成された.3) 加熱によりβ-アミラーゼは時間とともに失活していくが, 焙焼の場合徐々に失活し90分で数%の活性が残っていた. 電子レンジ加熱の場合は急速に失活し90秒では完全に失活した.4) 焙焼の場合60分 (いも中心部の温度78℃) でほとんど完全に糊化していてこの時糖の生成量は著しく増加した.5) 電子レンジの場合調理時間が非常に短いため糊化が十分に行われたころにはβ-アミラーゼがほとんど失活してしまっていて糖の生成量は少なかった.6) 加熱により糊化されたデンプンにβ-アミラーゼが作用してマルトースが生成された.

著者

交詢社 編

出版者

交詢社

巻号頁・発行日

1912

著者

松本 克己

出版者

The Linguistic Society of Japan

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1991, no.100, pp.1-41, 1991-12-25 (Released:2007-10-23)

参考文献数

70

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The notion of ‘subject’ as a grammatical category first appeared in Western Europe about the 12th to 13th century by the name of ‘suppositum’ and was theoretically elaborated on by the Medieval grammarians called ‘modistae’. Before that, however, it was quite unknown, surprising indeed, in any grammatical tradition of the world ; neither Apollonios, nor Priscianus, nor Panini, nor Arab grammarians knew such a category. The present lecture aims to elucidate the reason why the notion of subject did appear in Medieval Europe but not in other parts of the world, and the linguistic motivations for its appearance in Europe or its absence elsewhere. I shall discuss, especially, the theory of karaka of Panini, who completely dispenses with syntactic relations such as subject and object, the Stoic theory of kategorema, which foreshadows the later subject-predicate notion, the theory of mubtada'/khabar (=Topic/Comment) and of ‘amil/ma ’ mul (=regens/rectum) of the Arab grammarians after the 8th century, and finally the theory of suppositum/appositum (=subject/predicate) and principium/terminus (=the relation of ‘subject of ’/ ‘object of’) of the European modista. The appearance of subject in the West European grammar, it will be pointed out, was linguistically conditioned by the development of the strict SVO word-order combined with the characteristic morphological attrition, especially the loss of nominal cases and of verbal person markings, which seems to have been brought about by the creole-like processes resulting from the bi- or multilingual situations among the Germanic and Romance speaking peoples in close contact during the Medieval age. This can most typically be seen in the case of Middle English. Thus, thesubject as a syntactic category is really a historical product in a quite limited linguistic area which comprises those languages once called SAE (= “Standard Average European ”) by B. L. Whorf. They share a typologically unique feature known as “dummy subject” and thus manifesting themseleves as so-called “non-pro-drop” languages. In short, the subject of SAE has resulted from the coalescence of three quite different linguistic functions into a purely syntactic category, namely, 1) the discourse topic, which was the very starting point of the Medieval notion of suppositum, 2) the morphological case-marking (i. e. nominative vs. accusative), and 3) the semantic agent (or rather the “primary role”) of a verb. Usually, these functions are separately grammaticalized in other languages, e. g. as mubtada' and fail in Arabic, as wa and ga in Japanese, as “focus” and case in Philippine languages, as word-order, case and verbal endings in Old Indo-European languages. The subject, in conclusion, cannot be part of the theory of syntax as a universal category. It is quite a complex and heterogeneous concept in its origin, and manifests as surface syntactic phenomena only in a very limited number of -languages. Therefore, any syntactic theory based exclusively on the observations of such languages needs to be thoroughly reexamined, if it claims to be universal in any sense. Rather, we must reappraise the old grammatical traditions radically different from that of West European or “Aristotelo-Cartesian” school in order to found a theory of “Universal Grammar” in the true sense. (This is a revised version of the Presidential Lecture given at the 102nd General Meeting of the Linguistic Society of Japan held at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, June 6th, 1991).

著者

Mariana RODRIGUES MAKIUCHI Tifani WARNITA Nakamasa INOUE Koichi SHINODA Michitaka YOSHIMURA Momoko KITAZAWA Kei FUNAKI Yoko EGUCHI Taishiro KISHIMOTO

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E104.D, no.11, pp.1930-1940, 2021-11-01 (Released:2021-11-01)

参考文献数

71

被引用文献数

6

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We propose a non-invasive and cost-effective method to automatically detect dementia by utilizing solely speech audio data. We extract paralinguistic features for a short speech segment and use Gated Convolutional Neural Networks (GCNN) to classify it into dementia or healthy. We evaluate our method on the Pitt Corpus and on our own dataset, the PROMPT Database. Our method yields the accuracy of 73.1% on the Pitt Corpus using an average of 114 seconds of speech data. In the PROMPT Database, our method yields the accuracy of 74.7% using 4 seconds of speech data and it improves to 80.8% when we use all the patient's speech data. Furthermore, we evaluate our method on a three-class classification problem in which we included the Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) class and achieved the accuracy of 60.6% with 40 seconds of speech data.

著者

白井光太郎 著

出版者

丸善書店

巻号頁・発行日

1891

著者

高橋 麻公

出版者

社会芸術学会

雑誌

社藝堂 (ISSN:21885516)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2022, no.9, pp.135-154, 2022-09-20 (Released:2022-12-15)

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⼩論の⽬的は、「神話」を多くの⼈々が根拠もなく信じていて、当たり前のものとして⽬に映るようになっている事象という意味で⽤いながら、⼆次制作の周りに漂う神話の⾃⼰強化や刷新を分析することで、⼆次制作とそれを元にしたサブカルチャー産業を神話という観点から考察することである。⼆次制作に降りかかった著作権問題から、⼆次制作は「安全だろう」と信じられてきた神話の刷新と、「著作権に厳しい」という神話をネタとした⼆次制作の戯れを主として、神話という視点から⼆次制作の状況を論じている。

著者

木村 康之

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF OVA RESEARCH

雑誌

Journal of Mammalian Ova Research (ISSN:13417738)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.69-78, 2009 (Released:2009-05-28)

被引用文献数

1

著者

糸川 嘉則

出版者

公益社団法人 日本ビタミン学会

雑誌

ビタミン (ISSN:0006386X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.1, pp.3-10, 2003-01-25 (Released:2017-12-26)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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In 1960, the author started a thiamine research at Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, under Professor Fujiwara's guidance. Allithiamine, a lipotropic derivative of thiamine, enters cells in direct proportion to dosage by passive diffusion and then is quickly converted to thiamine intracellularly. The author used allithiamine labeled with S^<35> on sulfur in the S-propyl group [TPD-S^<35>(outer)] and labeled with S^<35> on sulfur in the thiazole group [TPD-S^<35>(inner)]. It was found that allithiamine split in vivo at the -S-S- linkage into the thiamine portion and propylmercapto group. The thiamine part penetrated in large amount into the blood cells, while the majority of S^<35> from propylmercapto group was found in plasma after oral or parenteral administration of allithiamine. From 1967 to 1969, the author conducted some studies on nonenzymatic role of thiamine in nervous function with Professor J. R. Cooper at Yale University, U.S.A. and these results suggested that thiamine played an important role in the function of the sodium channel in nerve membranes. However, a hypothesis that thiamine triphosphate might play a role in this function could not be elucidated. The methodology which we adopted at that time was so primitive to clarify the problems. In 1979, the author was appointed as the professor and chiarman of Department of Hygiene, one of the field of social medicine, and the author had to include some researches with a tinge of social medicine into our research projects besides the biochemical studies. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was prevalent in the Muro district in Wakayama Prefecture and magnesium content in drinking water from this area was lower than water from the other districts in Japan. In 1962, we investigated thiamine metabolism of these patients and found that the patients had lost the ability to utilize thiamine. This finding drived me to start the another research project on the clarifica tion of relationship between thiamine and magnesium metabolism. Since then, variety of researches on two major fields, i.e. vitamins and minerals, had been carried out by our research group. The author would be very glad if this article could be helpful for young researchers to develop their future researches on vitamins by learning from our researches including unsuccessful ones, "Hanmenkyoshi" in Japanese.

著者

阿部 瑛紀子 奥田 和之 笠井 香里 小川 将史 東 良子 香田 祐樹 角坂 芳彦 蔦 幸治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床衛生検査技師会

雑誌

医学検査 (ISSN:09158669)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.6, pp.726-730, 2017-11-25 (Released:2017-11-30)

参考文献数

13

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症例は53歳の男性。入院3日前より微熱,右側胸部痛があり近医を受診し様子を見ていた。入院当日の朝より四肢の冷感と関節痛の症状が現れ,近医を再度受診したが,全身チアノーゼと橈骨動脈触知微弱でショック状態と判断され,当院に救急搬送となった。入院時所見は全身チアノーゼが顕著,胸部CTで肺炎像があり尿中肺炎球菌抗原が陽性であった。肺炎球菌性肺炎とそれに合併する急性感染性電撃性紫斑病と診断され治療が開始された。早期の診断と適切な治療により,敗血症,播種性血管内凝固症候群からは救命し得た。しかし,紫斑は徐々に悪化傾向を辿り,四肢末端優位に水疱形成,表皮剥離,乾性壊死へと進行し,数回にわたって壊死組織のデブリードマンが施行されたが,進行する壊死を阻止することができず,最終的に左上肢以外の三肢の切断となった。肺炎球菌性肺炎に合併する電撃性紫斑病は主に脾摘などの免疫障害をもつ患者で多く,その死亡率も高い。今回健常人に発症し,また救命し得た稀な症例を経験した。脾摘などの免疫不全がない場合でも肺炎球菌による重症感染症を発症する可能性があることを念頭におき,臨床側との密接なやりとりが必要であると考えさせられた症例であった。

著者

伊東 俊太郎

出版者

日本西洋古典学会

雑誌

西洋古典学研究 (ISSN:04479114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.127-141, 1965-03-27 (Released:2017-05-23)

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The positive assimilation and recovery by the Latin West of Greek science and civilization took place in the 12th century through extensive translations from Arabic and Greek While the transmission of Greek science through Arabic to the Latin Europe has been considerably clarified by such experts as Suter, Leclerc, Wustenfeld and Steinschneider, many things still remain dark concerning the scientific transmission immediately through Greek, to the Latin West in spite of excellent pioneer studies by Haskins and Heiberg In 1963, I edited the first text of the Latin version of Euclid's Data from the following two extant manuscripts 1 MS Oxford, Bodl Auct F 5 28, 13 c 99 r-113 r 2 MS Paris, Bibl Nat lat 16648, 13-14 c 60 r-91 r By investigating these manuscripts of the Latin Data and others, I have found some interesting new facts about the transmission of scientific works via Greek to the Latin West First of all, the fact that this Latin translation of the Data was made from the Greek is obvious from the following evidences 1 the existence of the direct transliteration of the Greek words, like catigmeni, anigmeni, parathesi, cathetus, orthogonius etc 2 the exact correspondence in particles and conjunctions used in the Greek text and the Latin translation 3 the exactly same order of words is found in both the Greek original and the Latin version The problem of the preparation of this medieval Latin translation from Greek of the Data is divided into three sub-problems 1) Where did this translation take place ? 2) When did the translation come into existence ? 3) Who translated it into Latin ? My conclusions to problems 1) and 2) are as follows 1) This Latin translation was made in Sicily as a part of the vast translation of Greek scientific works which took place there in "the medieval renaissance" 2) This translation came into existence in the middle of the 12th century and not later than 1160 As regards problem 3), which is very crucial to my study, I have reached the following conclusions 3) (i)It is certain that our translator of the Data also made Latin versions from the Greek of Euclid's Optics, Catoptrics and Proclus' Elementatio physica (or De motu) (ii) It is probable that this prolific author is the same person as the anonymous translator of Ptolemy's Almagest who was studied by Haskins and Heiberg These conclusions concerning the identification of the translator have been drawn primarily through a comparative investigation of the texts For the first conclusion, I compared our text of the Latin Data with the Latin version of Euclid's Optics and Catoptrics in the Oxford manuscript (MS Oxford, Bodl Auct F 5 28, 57 r-64 r De visu liber and 64 r-69 r De speculis liber) and with the full text of Proclus' Elementatio physica published recently by H Boese As the result of this investigation, I found that they accord so well in all translating techniques as to ensure the identification of the translator of these four works As far as the second conclusion is concerned, I based it on a remarkable passage in the preface by the Latin translator of Ptolemy's Almagest, which seems to suggest that the translator of the Almagest is the same as that of the other four works above-mentioned This view is also supported by the studies of Haskins and Boese, which confirmed the identity of the translator of the Almagest with that of Proclus' Elementatio physica through their careful comparisons of translating techniques between the two translations These conclusions seem to be very important for the scientific transmission in the early Middle Ages, because, if the same person translated these various works, he would occupy a prominent position in editing the translation of mathematical works from the Greek not unlike that of Gerard of Cremona in the sphere of translation from the Arabic

著者

par E. Licent and P. Teilhard de Chardin

出版者

[s.n.]

巻号頁・発行日

1925

著者

par E. Licent and P. Teilhard de Chardin

出版者

[s.n.]

巻号頁・発行日

1925

著者

張 暁紅

出版者

政治経済学・経済史学会

雑誌

歴史と経済 (ISSN:13479660)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.18-28, 2017-01-30 (Released:2019-01-30)

参考文献数

10

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This paper examines movements in local capital in order to elucidate the impact of economic controls on the wartime economy (1937‒45) of Manchuguo. The focus is on local capital and cotton industry controls, because the controls had a strong impact on the wartime cotton industry's development; and also because local capital played a leading role in the local economy, and its study is therefore essential to any investigation of the local impact of control policies. Two conclusions emerge from this study.First, when cotton industry control began in 1939, local textile factories were not included in the Production Control Association, centered on the Cotton Industry Federation. As members of the Textile Manufacturing Trade Association, local factories, though subject to supply regulations, obtained raw materials (cotton yarn) from the Cotton Industry Federation. They also had a certain degree of freedom, because direct transactions with local merchants were permitted in practice. With tightened controls from the summer of 1941, however, local textile operators were formed into a Control Union and became subject to consolidation. Combined with the difficulty of procuring yarn and other factors, local capital's market share in cotton cloth production dropped by over half, and a string of businesses left the Union. Toward the end of the control period, many local textile businesses were either idle or had closed. Control Union member factories were subject to control and forced to operate at a fraction of capacity. Factories outside the Control Union operated with shadow-market materials to generate income.Second, the controls on supply resulted in streamlined distribution channels. Policies were implemented to eliminate wholesalers (chiefly local merchants), and a number of local traders went out of business. Many factories shifted to capital sources outside the control regime by becoming small- or micro-scale enterprises, in order to stay in business. Local traders also slipped through the cracks of the controls by hanging “closed for business” signs while continuing to operate; their shadow transactions engendered a boom in the shadow market. Thus, the measures for eliminating wholesalers were not wholly effective, and actually caused considerable market turmoil. The Manchuguo government eventually aimed to rectify the situation with new plans to make use of local capital and rely again on the old framework, but the war ended three months later and the plans were never implemented.

著者

小田中 悠 吉川 侑輝

出版者

数理社会学会

雑誌

理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.315-330, 2018 (Released:2019-09-28)

参考文献数

30

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本稿では,日常的な相互行為における期待の暗黙の調整メカニズムを,ゲーム理論を軸とした数理モデルによって説明することを試みる.その際,Goffmanが「ゲームの面白さ」論文で提示した,「変形ルール」というアイデアを精緻化することを通して,先行研究とは異なり,次の二点を考慮した上でモデル構築を行った.すなわち,人々によるゲーム状況への意味付与のダイナミクスを捉えうること,及び,経験的な検証可能性を考慮した上で,Goffmanのアイデアをフォーマルに記述することを目指した.そして,カラオケ・ボックスにおける次回歌い手の決定場面を分析することによって,本稿の視座が上述した二点の他にも,たとえば,チキンゲームのような,調整ゲームとは異なる均衡選択場面についても見通しをよくするものであることが示唆された.最後に,本稿のモデルが,公共空間における人々の相互行為を支えるルールの探求について,人々に参照されている「望ましさ」の基準(自らの利益よりも他者や集団の利益を優先するための基準)を捉えられるという点で有用なものであることが示唆された.

著者

下地 理則

出版者

日本言語学会

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.154, pp.85-121, 2018 (Released:2019-06-04)

参考文献数

47

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本稿の目的は,琉球諸語における焦点助詞(du, ga)による焦点標示の方言差(バリエーション)を記述するとともに,そのバリエーションに関して,可能なパターンを記述でき,不可能なパターンを予測できるモデルを提示することである。扱った方言は15方言であり,北琉球語から喜界島方言(佐手久,小野津),奄美大島方言(瀬戸内,湯湾),徳之島方言(伊仙),沖永良部島方言(国頭),沖縄本島方言(与那原)の7方言,南琉球語から宮古方言(伊良部島長浜,宮古島保良,多良間島),八重山方言(石垣島真栄里,黒島,鳩間島,西表島船浮),与那国方言の8方言である。本稿では,焦点タイプ(WH焦点vs. WH応答焦点vs.対比焦点)と焦点ドメイン(項焦点vs.述語焦点)の2つの変数で方言差を記述し,琉球諸語の焦点標示に関して,通方言的に以下の2つの階層を提案する。(1)焦点タイプの階層:対比 > WH応答 > WH(2)焦点ドメインの階層:項 > 述語琉球諸語の焦点標示に関して,この焦点階層(Focus-Marking Hierarchies)を用いることで,「階層のある地点で焦点標示が可能なら,その左側でも焦点標示可能である」と一般化できることを論じる。

著者

岩見祥男

出版者

国立国会図書館

雑誌

調査と情報 (ISSN:13492098)

巻号頁・発行日

no.891, 2016-02-01

著者

福林 靖博

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.3, pp.82-87, 2022-03-01 (Released:2022-03-01)

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令和3年改正著作権法により,国立国会図書館による絶版等資料のインターネット送信先の範囲が,令和4年から従来の図書館から個人に拡大されることとなった。本稿では,国立国会図書館による所蔵資料デジタル化事業及び図書館向けデジタル化資料送信サービスの現況について整理したうえで,今回の法改正に至る背景・経緯と,法改正を受けて令和4年5月のサービス開始に向けて準備を進めている個人向けデジタル化資料送信サービスについて紹介する。

著者

L. Takeo DOI

出版者

Psychologia Editorial Office

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.3, pp.117-123, 1962 (Released:2021-09-09)

被引用文献数

2