著者
白石 理佳 牛見 悠奈 中田 和義
出版者
応用生態工学会
雑誌
応用生態工学 (ISSN:13443755)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.2, pp.115-125, 2015-12-28 (Released:2016-02-01)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
8 4

在来生態系への影響が問題となっている緊急対策外来種のアメリカザリガニを効率的に捕獲駆除できる篭および篭に用いる餌の種類を明らかにすることを目的とし,岡山市半田山植物園内の池で,篭の種類によるアメリカザリガニの捕獲効率比較実験(実験1)と篭に用いる餌の種類によるアメリカザリガニの捕獲効率比較実験(実験2)を行った.実験1 では,アナゴ篭,カニ篭,エビ篭を用いて,篭の種類別に本種の捕獲個体数を比較した.実験2 では,練り餌,チーズかまぼこ,冷凍ザリガニをエビ篭に用いて,餌の種類別に本種の捕獲個体数を比較した.実験1 の結果,アメリカザリガニはエビ篭で最も多く捕獲された.またエビ篭では,カニ篭とアナゴ篭に比べ,小型個体から大型個体までを含む幅広い体サイズのアメリカザリガニが捕獲された.実験2の結果では,練り餌を用いた場合で捕獲個体数が最大となった.以上,実験1と2 の結果から,アメリカザリガニの駆除を効率的に行うには,練り餌を餌としてエビ篭を用いるのが良いと結論した.
著者
森 裕介 鈴木 元彦 長谷川 千尋 中西 弘紀 中井 一之 江崎 伸一 竹本 直樹 村上 信五 岩崎 真一
出版者
日本鼻科学会
雑誌
日本鼻科学会会誌 (ISSN:09109153)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.2, pp.292-298, 2022 (Released:2022-07-20)
参考文献数
22

背景:新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)は今や全世界に拡大しパンデミック化している。また欧米において嗅覚・味覚障害が重要な症状として報告されているが,本邦における報告はほとんど認められない。以上を踏まえ,本研究ではCOVID-19による嗅覚・味覚障害について検討を加えた。方法:カルテからCOVID-19患者の年齢,性別,臨床症状と血中CRP結果を抽出し,解析した。結果:100例のCOVID-19患者において,嗅覚障害を訴えたのは45例(45%)で,味覚障害は44例(44%)であった。このうち嗅覚・味覚障害の両方を訴えた患者は41例で,嗅覚障害のみは4例,味覚障害のみは3例であった。また嗅覚障害を訴えた症例の年齢と血中CRP値は,訴えなかった症例よりも有意に低値であった。同様に,味覚障害を訴えた症例の年齢と血中CRP値は訴えなかった症例よりも有意に低値であった。さらに,嗅覚・味覚障害の経過についても検討を加えたが,ともに発症後1週間以内に症状が消失する症例も見られた。結語:COVID-19は日本人においても高率に嗅覚・味覚障害を引き起こすことが示された。また,嗅覚障害や味覚障害は若年者でより高率に発現し,血中CRPは低値を示す症例が多かった。少数ではあるが味覚障害のみで嗅覚障害を訴えなかった症例が存在したことから,風味障害以外のメカニズムによる味覚障害の可能性も示された。
著者
江川 泰一郎
出版者
一般財団法人 日本英文学会
雑誌
英文学研究 (ISSN:00393649)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.2, pp.303-318, 1960-04-10 (Released:2017-04-10)

The variety of cases in which the gerund and/or the infinitive are used as object of a verb is so vast that the choice between the two verbal forms presents a difficulty to native as well as non-native speakers of English. With this in mind the writer of this article tried to discovery some of the basic differences by which the choice is made. To clear the ground the writer has drawn out from the semantic difference between I like getting up early (in general) and I like to get up early (in this particular case) the following three points: 1) The logical subject of "getting up" (gerund) need not be the same as the subject of the main verb while that of "to get up" (infinitive) is identical with the subject of the main verb. 2) The gerund-construction has practically nothing to do with the happening of the thing which it denotes, but the infinitive-construction is primarily concerned with the happening of the activity. 3) The gerund has no time reference, but the infinitive refers to future. As an example of the first point we can cite the contrast: He allows smoking/He allows to smoke* (cf. He allows us to smoke). This applies to such verbs as permit, advise, advocate, encourage, provoke, urge, etc., all of which represent actions commonly done by the agent to affect other people or things. He tried writing in pencil versus He tried to write in pencil is another example, and to the latter type belong such verbs as aim, endeavour, strive, contrive, and seek. A few retroactive gerundial constructions, e.g. Your work needs correcting (to be corrected), also illustrate this point. The gerund is active in form, because it represents an activity apart from the agent. The second point is exemplified in the idiomatic preference of I intend to go to I intend going. The infinitive is preferred here because, being concerned as it is with the happening of the activity, it is more determinative than the gerund. This may be the reason why verbs like want, hope, care, long, yearn, decide, resolve, and make up one's mind are always found with the infinitive to the exclusion of the gerund. The gerund is used with verbs like avoid, delay, defer, escape, evade, miss, postpone, put off, shirk, resist, etc., which are all negative in meaning to the realization of the activity. The third point is closely allied with the second in that the infinitive refers to the future. It is probably for this reason that the gerund, which is in itself non-distinctive of time, refers to the past. Typical examples are I remember posting your letter versus Please remember to post this letter and I shall never forget hearing you sing versus I forgot to answer your question. Reference of the gerund to the past can also be seen when it is used after such verbs as acknowlege, admit, deny, doubt, mention, and report. It is worth noticing, however, that the above three points do not cover the whole of the distinction between the two constructions. That is to say, with some of the main verbs of the sentences we must take into account the affinity of the -ing of the gerund with that of the present participle as used in progressive form. We stopped talking and We began talking are cases in point. So are the sentences containing commence, start, continue, go on, finish, or cease. We must also consider that unless we have a clear view of the close connection between the mark "to" of an infinitive and a mere preposition "to", we cannot possibly come to a proper understanding of "to talk" in We stopped to talk. To conclude the article, the writer adds that in making a study of this kind he himself is quite aware of the danger he will quite probably fall into-hasty generalization. Indeed a complete list of the verbs taking the gerund and/or the infinitive is necessary before we can make any general remark on this question, but this article, the writer believes, may have some claim to be a stepping-stone for further research.
著者
Jessey Anderson Msami Yoshiki Kawaguchi Katsuyuki Ichitani Satoru Taura
出版者
Japanese Society of Breeding
雑誌
Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.2, pp.144-154, 2021 (Released:2021-05-20)
参考文献数
64
被引用文献数
2

Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is an important disease constraining rice (Oryza sativa L.) production worldwide. The XM6 line was induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea from IR24, an Indica cultivar that is susceptible to Philippine and Japanese Xoo races. XM6 was confirmed to carry a recessive gene named xa20, resistant to six Philippine and five Japanese Xoo races. The chromosomal gene location was found using 10 plants with the shortest lesion length in an F2 population consisting of 298 plants from a susceptible Japonica variety Koshihikari × XM6. Analysis using PCR-based DNA markers covering the whole rice genome indicated the gene as located on the distal region of the long arm of chromosome 3. The IKC3 line carries IR24 genetic background with Koshihikari fragment on chromosome 3 where a resistance gene was thought to be located. The F2 population from IKC3 × XM6 clearly showed a bimodal distribution separating resistant and susceptible plants. Further linkage analysis conducted using this F2 population revealed that xa20 is located within the 0.8 cM region flanked by DNA markers KIC3-33.88 (33.0 Mb) and KIC3-34.06 (33.2 Mb). This study yields important findings for resistance breeding and for the genetic mechanism of Xoo resistance.
著者
伊豫岡 宏樹
出版者
公益社団法人 土木学会
雑誌
河川技術論文集 (ISSN:24366714)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, pp.321-326, 2018 (Released:2022-03-31)
参考文献数
8

In Hii River modification (2010-2015), the nature oriented methods such as the slide down dredging which does not change the cross profile and gradient of the river, removal and decentralization of the weirs and returning coarse sediment components to the riverbed after the dredging were adapted. Though some reports showed the positive effects to fish habitats such as more fishes migrated to the upstream of the modified area,the effects of this modification was not assessed enough especially in the downstream and estuarine area. In this study, we focused on the Ice goby (Leucopsarion petersii) which specifically uses the cobble environment of the upper estuarine area as its spawning habitat.The influence of the river modification to the spawning habitat were investigated.
著者
Mari KUSUMI Hidehiro OKA Hidehito KIMURA Hitoshi YAMAZAKI Koji KONDO Toshihiro KUMABE
出版者
The Japan Neurosurgical Society
雑誌
NMC Case Report Journal (ISSN:21884226)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, pp.217-223, 2022-12-31 (Released:2022-07-19)
参考文献数
24
被引用文献数
1

There has been a noted increase in the incidence of intracranial aspergillosis; this is often attributed to the wider use of antibiotics, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants. Fungal cerebral aneurysms due to aspergillosis after neurosurgery remain extremely rare; in fact, only seven cases have been reported in the literature. In this study, we present a patient with an Aspergillus aneurysm that elicited subarachnoid hemorrhage after endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for craniopharyngioma. A 70-year-old woman with recurrent craniopharyngioma and steroid treatment underwent uneventful EES. On the 5th postoperative day, she suffered subarachnoid hemorrhage. As per her computed tomography angiography findings, an aneurysm was detected on the left internal carotid artery (ICA). Subsequent digital subtraction angiography showed occlusion of the ICA and an irregularly shaped wall. The diagnosis was pseudoaneurysm. We then performed craniotomy to place a left high-flow bypass and to trap the pseudoaneurysm. Despite continuous intensive care, she died on the 25th postoperative day of a huge, left cerebral infarct. The final diagnosis was made at autopsy; it revealed destruction of the ICA and Aspergillus invasion of the vessel wall, confirming the presence of a true fungal aneurysm. Perioperatively, patients with potential immunosuppression must be carefully managed. Advanced age is a risk factor. As surgery via the paranasal sinuses raises the risk for aspergillosis, fungal infection must be ruled out in patients whose postoperative course is deemed concerning.
著者
岡本 梢 井上 裕匡 堤 仁勢 才本 由美 石野 真輔 辻 吉郎
出版者
公益社団法人 日本栄養士会
雑誌
日本栄養士会雑誌 (ISSN:00136492)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.1, pp.25-31, 2020 (Released:2020-01-10)
参考文献数
28

回復期リハビリテーション病棟(以下、回復期リハ病棟)は低栄養患者が多いとされ、本研究では当院回復期リハ病棟で提供される食事が栄養学的に適正か否かを検討した。 入院後2週間の食事摂取量から計量した1日平均摂取エネルギー量、たんぱく質量をそれぞれ標準体重で除しEおよびPとした。入院時BMIからUW群(BMI<18.5kg/m²)、NW群(18.5≦BMI<25kg/m²)、OW群(BMI≧25kg/m²)に3分類し、入院2週間後で体重が1.5%以上減少したD群、体重が1.5%未満減少もしくは増加したND群に細分類した6群間のE、P、平均年齢、FIM効率等を比較した。 E、PはOW-ND群で有意に高く、平均年齢はUW-D群で有意に高かった。 FIM効率はNW-ND群で高い傾向を示した。 FIM効率の観点から、肥満傾向の患者には入院直後から標準体重を目標とした減量が望ましい。一方、高齢の患者には摂取量低下を考慮した上で必要エネルギー量を確保する必要がある。

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著者
[鴨東蔌父著] 三ヶ尻浩校訂
出版者
[三ヶ尻浩]
巻号頁・発行日
1937
著者
清水 哲雄 小松 治男 馬田 俊雄 高橋 清 佐藤 正矩
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 C編 (ISSN:03875024)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.623, pp.2348-2353, 1998-07-25 (Released:2008-02-26)
参考文献数
3
被引用文献数
1

Understanding the spinning mechanism of an impacted golfball is an important factor in golf science and engineering. The rigid sphere model which considers the Coulomb-type slip friction presented independently by Daish and Kawamura (referred to here as the Daish-Kawamura model) seems to well explain the experimental results of golfball spinning. For a more general interpretation of the spin phenomenon, we attempted to modify this model by introducing a physical quantity called the "s parameter", which is defined as the ratio of the circumferential velocity of the ball to its centroid velocity. An experiment performed to verify the appropriateness of the new parameter introduction led to the following conclusions: The spin phenomenon in golf impact can be divided into two phases, in both of which the Daish-Kawamura model is effective. A method is described to evaluate the coefficient of slip friction under high sliding velocities, and the value is estimated as 0.07 for a slippery surface condition.
著者
加藤 彰彦
出版者
四天王寺大学
雑誌
四天王寺大学紀要 (ISSN:18833497)
巻号頁・発行日
no.67, pp.203-233, 2019-03-25

アンドレ・ブルトンの『ナジャ』において、ナジャの物語の最後でナジャの不在を意味するブルトンの発言がある。ナジャの不在とはいいながらも、ナジャが実在した人物であることは明らかになっているが、それでは何故ナジャの不在が語られるのか。それについて考察したのが本論考である。第一部において、ジェラール・ジュネットの物語論に依拠しながら、語り手と聴き手の位置関係に注目し、当初は語り手であったブルトンが、本来聴き手であったナジャに取って代わって最終的には聴き手も兼ねるという一人二役を演じている構造を明らかにし、ナジャの不在をテキスト上から論証した。次に、第二部において、ラカンの理論を援用しながら、ナジャはブルトンの自己同一性のための鏡像であること、更にヒッチコックの『サイコ』を例にとりながら、主体が対象と同一化し、対象が消滅しても、超自我的な声によって支配される点を明らかにし、ブルトンはナジャの消滅後もナジャの声によって支配され、それによって主体として維持されるという風に結論付けた。
著者
松波 康男
出版者
African Studies Center - Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
雑誌
ASC-TUFS Working Papers (ISSN:24361542)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, pp.261-274, 2022-03-15 (Released:2022-04-08)

Christians are in the majority in the religious composition of Ethiopia, but the number of Muslims has been increasing in recent years. Historically, Christianity (Ethiopian Orthodox) has been the major religion of the highlanders in the north, the political centre of the country. Islam has expanded mainly among the Oromo, living in the lowlands. However, while this dichotomy illustrates the contrasting situation from a broad perspective, religious practices, which are an integral part of people’s lives, are not clearly divided into Islam and Christianity. For instance, many Christians participate in the hadra meeting, originally derived from Islam, which is prevalent in the Oromo communities of the East Showa region. They chant the name of Allah and praise Muslim saints during the ritual. This study focuses on the religious complexity of the ritual and how it relates to ethnicity and local history.
著者
麦谷 達郎 谷口 弘穀 高田 敦 増山 守 田中 宏樹 小山 拡史 保島 匡和 高橋 俊雄
出版者
Japan Surgical Association
雑誌
日本臨床外科医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03869776)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.6, pp.1295-1301, 1996-06-25 (Released:2009-02-10)
参考文献数
21

肝切除術71例を対象に自己血輸血法の有用性を検討した.貯血式自己血輸血を44例に施行した.術前貯血量は, rh-エリスロポェチン併用群で550g(平均値)とrh-エリスロポエチン非併用群より有意(p<0.05)に多く,採血後のHct値の低下はrh-エリスロポエチン非併用群と同程度に留まった.術中輸血法に関しrh-エリスロポエチン非併用自己血, rh-エリスロポエチン併用自己血,同種血,無輸血に分類し,術後の変化を検討した.術後Hct値は,同種輸血群で回復遅延を認め,第14病日に29.4%と他の3群より低値であった.術後総ビリルビン値,血中肝逸脱酵素は,同種輸血群で第1病日に他の3群に比し有意な上昇を認めた.自己血輸血の2群は無輸血群と同様の経過を示し,総ビリルビン値の上昇も1.20と軽度で,肝切除術には同種輸血は避け,自己血輪血が望ましいと考えられた.また,術前貧血の無い場合,術前貯血量800g, 術中出血量1,500g以下が同種輸血なしに自己血輪血のみで行える指標になると考えられた.