著者
下谷内 勝利
出版者
一般社団法人 日本運動・スポーツ科学学会
雑誌
運動とスポーツの科学 (ISSN:13421026)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.1, pp.33-41, 2011-12-30 (Released:2022-12-15)
参考文献数
52

This study focuses on sumo in the middle ages of its history, namely samurai sumo, and re-examines sumo in this period from the perspective of samurai as entertainers during that time.Today Japanese people consider samurais as noble and loyal warriors. This image has been conceptualized and established in the minds of the people through the nationalistic education of Japan since the Meiji period. However, the primordial question that arises from the freedom of thought and learning, which allows one to greatly diverge from the retrospective image of samurai warriors thus far, has led to the common belief that samurais were also once entertainers.Based on this theory, sumo in the middle ages can then be regarded as samurai sumo, which can be considered as entertainment. This can be attributed to the fact that since the mid-Heian period, sumo has been refined into a form of entertainment as a spectator sport, the primary purpose of which was to inspire and entertain the emperor and aristocrats of that time. During the late Heian period, in the provincial governing system that organized Japan into a single state, sumo was divided among specific houses and passed on through generations as a family business.Kyosumo, also known as Kyoto Sumo, is an organization to which professional sumo wrestlers belonged. These sumo wrestlers, whose ancestors performed at the ancient Japanese imperial court, would perform at festivals in major temples and shrines in and around Kyoto during the end of the Heian period. This form of “sumo for entertainment” that had been refined into a spectator sport also existed during the middle ages of Japan around the Shogunate. Originally, the samurai leaders also viewed sumo as a spectator sport that was performed by special sumo wrestlers for the entertainment and pleasure of the audience.In this sense, when we consider sumo in the middle ages from the perspective of samurai as entertainers, closely analysing samurai sumo, we can conclude that sumo was also a form of entertainment.
著者
蓑島 宗夫 徳永 舞 小池 由美 伊藤 靖典
出版者
一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会
雑誌
アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, no.10, pp.1258-1262, 2023 (Released:2023-12-13)
参考文献数
33

近年,食用昆虫が注目され,摂取時のアレルギーリスクも指摘されているが,症例報告は少ない.我々は,アレルギー疾患の既往がないため発症の予見が困難であった食用コオロギによる即時型アレルギーの症例を経験した.コオロギせんべい2枚を摂取後に,くしゃみ,鼻汁,咳,眼瞼浮腫を呈した3歳男児で,エビの摂取歴はあるが食用昆虫の摂取歴はなかった.プリックテストと食物経口負荷試験の結果からフタホシコオロギが原因であることを確認した.IgE inhibition testでは,フタホシコオロギにより蛾,エビ,ヤケヒョウヒダニそれぞれの特異IgE値が著明に抑制された.本例では人生初のアレルギー症状が食用コオロギによって生じており,食用昆虫によるアレルギーのリスクを示す重要な事例である.昆虫アレルゲンには節足動物に共通したトロポミオシンやアルギニンキナーゼが含まれるが,他にも多くのアレルゲンが報告されており,交差反応による感作の可能性もある.昆虫食の普及に伴い,アレルギー発症例が増える可能性があるため,食品表示や予防策の検討をする必要がある.
著者
田中 皓介
出版者
公益社団法人 土木学会
雑誌
土木学会論文集D3(土木計画学) (ISSN:21856540)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.74, no.5, pp.I_241-I_248, 2018 (Released:2019-01-10)
参考文献数
31

日本という国土に生きていく以上,大雨や地震,雪害などあらゆる自然災害への対応が必須である.そのような自然災害発生直後には,例えば多くの自衛隊や警察,消防が動員され救助や復旧にあたっていることは広く国民の知るところである.一方で,地元の建設業者もまた大きく貢献しているものの,地元建設業をはじめとした土木業界の活躍は,人々の認知が十分になされていない.このように,土木建設業あるいは公共事業を軽視する状況が続けば,今後の日本では十分な災害対応が困難となることが懸念される.そこで本研究では,国民世論の形成に寄与する新聞報道を対象に,災害発生後の救助や捜索,復旧活動に着目し,その報道状況を明らかにする.そして,内容の分析,考察に基づきその改善に向けた知見の提供を目的とする.
著者
青木 賢人 林 紀代美
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地理学会
雑誌
地理学評論 Series A (ISSN:18834388)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.82, no.3, pp.243-257, 2009-05-01 (Released:2011-08-25)
参考文献数
27
被引用文献数
2 4

2007年3月25日に発生した能登半島地震の被災住民である石川県輪島市と志賀町の中学生およびその保護者に対して,地震発生時の意識と行動に関するアンケート調査を行った.あわせて,地震発生以前の災害に対する知識,認識や経験,すなわち防災に対するレディネスを調査し,これと被災時の意識・行動との関係を,被災前後の比較が効果的に行える津波に焦点を当てて分析した.その結果,避難訓練や防災情報などから学んだ内容がとっさの行動として表出したり,直接・間接の被災経験が津波からの適切な避難行動に結びついたりするなど,被災以前のレディネスが適切な被災時の意識・行動の励起を強く規定していることが確認された.その一方,災害に対する警戒感が低かった能登では住民のレディネスは十分ではなかったため,住民の多くが適切な想起や行動が行えなかった課題も浮き彫りとなった.これらを踏まえ,今後の地域防災力強化のためには,学校教育,社会教育などのチャンネルを通じた防災教育の充実と,地域環境に応じた防災へのレディネスの構築が必要であることを指摘した.
著者
鈴木 美佳
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地理学会
雑誌
地理学評論 Series A (ISSN:18834388)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.94, no.3, pp.152-169, 2021-05-01 (Released:2023-02-19)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
3

本稿では自転車の共同利用システムであるシェアサイクルについて,利用目的ごとの傾向と,現状における運営上の課題を明らかにすることを目的とする.三つの都市での事例から得た利用データの分析により,通勤・通学目的での利用が多い場合は駅を発着地とする移動が多く,観光目的での利用が多い場合は地域の観光拠点を結ぶ移動が多いことが判明した.一方,主な利用目的にかかわらず,駅周辺ポートの利用数が全体に占める割合は高くなっていた.各事例の運営主体への聞取り調査からは,先行研究で指摘されている通り自転車数やポート配置の調整によって利用率は高まるものの,利用料金が廉価なためシェアサイクル事業独立で採算をとることは難しいという現状が明らかになった.持続可能性を高めるためには,既存交通を結びつける移動手段として位置づけ,行政からの支援制度を整えること,自転車専用道の整備など他の交通施策も同時に行うことがのぞまれる.
著者
松下 周二
出版者
Japan Association for African Studies
雑誌
アフリカ研究 (ISSN:00654140)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1981, no.20, pp.90-113, 1981-03-30 (Released:2010-04-30)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
1
著者
島田 剛
出版者
国際開発学会
雑誌
国際開発研究 (ISSN:13423045)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.2, pp.69-84, 2018-11-30 (Released:2019-04-04)
参考文献数
26

This study examines Japan's experience as a recipient of the United States'aid for productivity improvement after World War II. Three points were identified as a result of the research. First, the US assistance was extremely strategic and large-scale. The goal of the US aid was to exclude the Soviet influence over Japan's labor unions because the labor unions were considered sympathetic to the Soviet Union during the cold war. The aid was implemented on an extremely large scale, including the acceptance of 3,986 Japanese trainees into the United States over seven years. Second, prior to the aid, labor-management relations in Japan were adversarial, but while Japan was accepting aid from the US, leaders of opposition labor unions were also invited to visit the United States. The aid gradually changed labor-management relations from conflictive to constructive. In other words, while working on improving productivity, collaborative labor-management relations were developed in Japan, which suggests that Kaizen can be implemented in other countries. Third, it was the private sector that played a central role in receiving aid from the United States, not the Japanese government. Instead, the government provided supplemental support for the active movement of the private sector, very likely an ideal industrial policy. It is also worth noting that while half the budget (132 million yen in half a year) was borne by Japan in accepting the aid, the majority of the budget was borne by the private sector. In other words, the commitment of the private sector was very high.
著者
野村 泰之 戸井 輝夫
出版者
一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会
雑誌
Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.3, pp.167-173, 2014-06-30 (Released:2014-08-01)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
1 7

After the huge earthquake in Japan on March 11th 2011 (magnitude 9.0), many people in the eastern area of Japan close to the epicenter felt dizziness, as if they were rocking at a time when no aftershocks were actually occurring. There are a few reports about dizziness after major earthquakes in the world, but there has been no study so far with analysis of large numbers of cases of earthquake sickness. We conducted an epidemical clinical study and called those symptoms “post earthquake dizziness syndrome; PEDS.” Affected subjects became aware of the rocking feeling within a minute especially when indoors and seated. A significant difference was found with respect to gender, with a prevalence of females, and with the people who were prone to suffer from motion sickness. Otherwise, there was no relationship with case histories of vertigo-related diseases. On the other hand, anxiety and social stress from the disaster seemed to be contributory factors. The underlying mechanism is associated with stimuli to the vestibular and equilibrium balance systems. Emotional disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were added to the etiology. For the prevention and treatment, maintaining fitness in daily life and avoiding anxiety caused by reports in the media seemed to be important. Physiotherapy and medication also proved important to prevent symptoms from getting worse.
著者
大賀 光太郎 本位田 篤生
出版者
石油技術協会
雑誌
石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.6, pp.487-495, 2008 (Released:2011-02-22)
参考文献数
9
被引用文献数
2

JCOP (Japan CO2 Sequestration in Coal Seams Project) has been commenced since JFY2002 with full subsidy from Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. Yuubari area of Ishikari coal field in Hokkaido was selected as the most suitable pilot test field, because the coal seams of this area are gassy and permeable.The preliminary field experiment was designed to investigate technical and economical feasibility of storing CO2 in coal seam until end of JFY2007.Injection well (IW-1) was drilled in the end of 2003, production well (PW-1) was drilled in the summer of 2004. The distance in the coal seam between the vertical injection well (IW-1) and the deviated production well (PW-1) was about 65m.CO2 injection and CH4 production tests were carried out from the end of this August to the end of October, 2007. From the measurement results, gas and water production rates were observed lower than estimated rates. The gas production rate increased gradually after carbon dioxide injection and then it reached the peak. After stopping injection, gas production rate decreased gradually to the initial gas production level. It is seems that this increase was due to the carbon dioxide injection.CO2 injection rate were also observed lower than estimated rate. History matching was carried out using the measured water production rate in 2005. From the results of history matching, these measured gas production rates were in agreement with calculation results. At that calculation, bottom of pressure of production well was 9MPa and permeability around the injection well was 0.13md. The high bottom hole pressure of production well shows that production damage is occurred. It is considered that perforation holes or cleat of coal plugged with fine coal particles might have caused this production damage. Two reasons for the decrease of permeability around injection well can be considered. One is that the gap of the coal cleats was reduced by the swelling of coal matrix due to CO2 adsorption. The other is that coal cleat was plugged by fine coal particles. From the measurement of gas content of coal in this test, it is conformed that gas content of coal seams in Ishikari coal field are in highest level. If the above mentioned problems on production damage is solved, CO2 injection into the coal seam and development of CBM will be commercialized soon.
著者
Thi Tra Bui Minji Han Ngoc Minh Luu Thi Phuong Thao Tran Min Kyung Lim Jin-Kyoung Oh
出版者
Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌
Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.JE20220175, (Released:2022-11-26)
参考文献数
41
被引用文献数
2

BackgroundAlcohol drinking behaviors change temporally and can lead to changes in related cancer risks; previous studies have been unable to identify the association between the two using a single-measurement approach. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association of drinking trajectories with the cancer risk in Korean men.MethodsA trajectory analysis using group-based trajectory modeling was performed on 2,839,332 men using data on alcohol drinking levels collected thrice during the Korean National Health Insurance Service’s general health screening program conducted between 2002 and 2007. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to evaluate the associations between drinking trajectories and cancer incidence, after adjustments for age, income, body mass index, smoking status, physical activity, family history of cancer, and comorbidities.ResultsDuring 10.5 years of follow-up, 189,617 cancer cases were recorded. Six trajectories were determined: non-drinking, light, moderate, decreasing-heavy, increasing-heavy, and steady-heavy. Light-to-heavy alcohol consumption increased the risk for all cancers combined in a dose-dependent manner (adjusted hazards ratio, 95% confidence interval for trajectories = 1.03, 1.02-1.05; 1.06, 1.05-1.08; 1.19, 1.16-1.22; 1.23, 1.20-1.26; and 1.33, 1.29-1.38; respectively [p-trend <0.001]). Light-to-heavy alcohol consumption was linked to lip, oral cavity, pharyngeal, esophageal, colorectal, laryngeal, stomach, and gallbladder and biliary tract cancer risks, while heavy alcohol consumption was associated with hepatic, pancreatic, and lung cancer risks. An inverse association was observed for thyroid cancer. The cancer risks were lower for decreasing-heavy drinkers, compared to steady-heavy drinkers.ConclusionNo safe drinking limits were identified for cancer risks; reduction in heavy intake had protective effects.
著者
村山 稔
出版者
日本義肢装具学会
雑誌
日本義肢装具学会誌 (ISSN:09104720)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.3, pp.216-220, 2022-07-01 (Released:2023-07-15)
参考文献数
21

脳卒中患者の歩行練習において,長下肢装具の使用開始から短下肢装具に移行するまでの間にも,歩行能力の改善にともなって段階的な難易度の調整が必要と考えられる.そこで今回,長下肢装具から短下肢装具に移行する間の歩行練習と装具の設定について,考慮すべき点をまとめた.長下肢装具は膝関節を固定するだけでなく,30°屈曲に可動させることにより,荷重応答期から立脚中期における内側広筋の筋活動比が増加する.また,膝継手を屈曲遊動にした介助歩行により,短下肢装具に比べて強制的に速い速度の歩行が可能になる.短下肢装具では踵からの初期接地を補償し,荷重応答期に底屈を促す設定で継続使用することで,荷重応答期における前脛骨筋の筋活動比が増加する.それぞれの時期に適切に装具を設定することで,先行研究で懸念されている長下肢装具や短下肢装具の使用による廃用性筋萎縮は,防ぐことが可能と考えられる.
著者
石田 肇
出版者
The Anthropological Society of Nippon
雑誌
人類學雜誌 (ISSN:00035505)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.96, no.3, pp.371-374, 1988 (Released:2008-02-26)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
1 1

987年,北海道枝幸郡枝幸町目梨泊遺跡から,オホーツク文化期に属する男性頭骨1体が出土した。この頭骨は,観察結果および計測値からみて,アイヌ的特徴を強く示している。
著者
中川 靖枝 原島 恵美子 森 貴芳 佐藤 学 辻 啓介
出版者
公益社団法人 日本食品科学工学会
雑誌
日本食品科学工学会誌 (ISSN:1341027X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.11, pp.704-709, 1999-11-15 (Released:2009-05-26)
参考文献数
18

サイリウムを配合する粉末飲料の便性に与える影響を検討するために,正常便性の青年期女性を対象に,それぞれサイリウムの摂取量を変化させて,排便状況への影響を調べたところ,サイリウムの便性改善作用が確認された.正常便性者に対して,サイリウム4g以上の摂取では,目視による観察により排便量の有意な増加がみられ,また,8gの摂取では排便回数の有意な増加が認められた.日本人で不足している食物繊維の摂取を補うとともに,排便状況の改善に対する有効性および安全性が示された.
著者
畑山 絵理子 和泉 泰衛 酒匂 あやか 道辻 徹 鳥巣 裕一 森 隆浩 森 英毅 大野 直義
出版者
一般社団法人 日本内科学会
雑誌
日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.108, no.11, pp.2333-2340, 2019-11-10 (Released:2020-11-10)
参考文献数
10

症例は51歳,男性.下肢脱力を主訴に当院を受診し,低カリウム血症性周期性四肢麻痺の診断に至った.精査の結果,境界型糖尿病によるインスリン分泌過剰とアルドステロン分泌過剰を背景に,大量の餅等の糖質過剰摂取がその誘因として考えられた.糖質過剰摂取が原因と推察される低カリウム血症性周期性四肢麻痺の原因として,インスリン分泌過剰が背景にあることも念頭に入れる必要がある.