著者
楊枝 嗣朗
出版者
経済理論学会
雑誌
季刊経済理論 (ISSN:18825184)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.2, pp.5-14, 2008-07-20 (Released:2017-04-25)

The thought of independence of central banking was generally accepted during 1990s. And then the relationship between money and state has hardly occupied the interest of monetary economists. Some of them emphasised that the central banking does not have any administrative power. Therefore, the query why the government must ultimately take the responsibility for the stability of financial system and why the central bank must contribute to it through the prudential policy, have not been drked theoretically. In the meantime the Free Banking School has insisted the abolition of the central bank because the central bank-money is state fiat money. And the Cartalists like L. R. Wray, S. Bell, and C. A. E. Goodhart have attached the importance of ties between money and state, and therefore they have been worried about the future of Euro money due to breaking its bond with governments. We understand the ties between money and government are essential; otherwise the capitalistic credit monies could not have been developed. Since private credit monies circulated among merchants and traders in modern times, state monies like coins became just small changes for private credit monies. In consequence governments lost the ability of raising fund to a great extent. There were no way other than accepting private credit monies as means of tax-payment to raise fund. Such an intervention by government assisted private credit monies to circulate all over their country. The central bank currency contributed to reduce the costs of commercial transactions and of tax-collection too. From the above point of view we inquire the relationship between money and state, and why a central bank has "the ambiguous presence as a semi-governmental corporation".
著者
野口 亜弥 小笠原 悦子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, pp.349-366, 2020 (Released:2020-06-30)
参考文献数
67

In 2014, after it was decided that Japan would host the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games, discussions about utilizing sports to tackle social issues, referred to as Sport for Development and Peace (SDP), have increased. Additionally, Japanese policies on women’s participation in business have been reinforced since 2012, when the Japanese cabinet office included it as a key aspect of the nation’s growth strategy. With these trends in Japan, Japan’s Second Basic Sport Plan, established in 2017, included the first strategy for development of women and sports in Japan. Therefore, discussions of how sports can contribute to women’s participation in society have increased. While some previous research has focused on either sports policy or sports and women in general, few studies have been conducted on women and sports in Japanese policy development. Therefore, the present paper examines how the global movement for women and sports and the Japanese national growth strategy can influence women’s position in sports and the perception of gender in sports policy. The data are analyzed historically in an attempt to derive a perception of future directions in Japanese sports policy. The “Development plus sport” and “Sport plus development” models, which categorize development and sport initiatives into 2 categories, were applied in this study as an analytical framework. To understand the global women and sports movement, documents related to the UN, UNESCO, UN Women, IOC and IWG were analyzed. Official documents related to women and sports published by the Japanese government and the government budget concerning women and sports are also examined. The results indicated that the most significant improvement in the relationship between women and sports occurred when both the development and sports sectors were simultaneously interested in using sports to improve gender equality. Many of the previous Japanese sports policies had targeted only women. However, from a “Sport plus development” perspective, it is suggested that a gender and development (GAD) approach needs to be considered in sports policy development. This could result in changes to gendered division of labor, social and organizational structure, and regulation. From the “Development plus sport” perspective, compared to other countries, Japan has not actively used sports to contribute to gender equality in society. SDP projects related to gender that have already been implemented in other countries could be applied to gender issues in Japan.
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1126, pp.16-20, 2002-01-28

1月18日午後5時半、東京全日空ホテルの記者会見場に姿を現したダイエーの高木邦夫社長は、その後の約1時間の会見中、終始落ち着いた表情を崩さなかった。 堂々としたその態度は、経営不振企業のトップの記者会見としては異例のものだった。一度も手元の資料に目を落とすことなく、よどみなく記者の質問に答える態度は余裕さえ感じさせた。
著者
ブラック ミリアム T Miriam T Black
雑誌
人文・社会科学論集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, pp.21-31, 2009-03

人間の学習行動に関して、心理学の領域では、数々の目覚しい発見がなされてきた。そしてそれらは、人々の仕事や教育、また生活での他の側面において、有益となる直接的な応用をもたらすといえる。しかしながら、基礎概念の誤解に基づいた、誤った応用もまた多く見られる。本論文では、B. F. Skinner によって唱えられたオペラント条件付けのキーとなる原則について説明しAlfie Kohn の著書『Punished by Rewards: The Trouble with GoldStars, Incentive Plans, A's, Praise, and Other Bribes』の中で詳述されているオペラント条件付けの誤用例とそれらを対比させて論じている。
著者
須藤 康介
出版者
東京大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, pp.193-201, 2013-03-10

The purpose of this article is to clarify the merit and demerit of junior high school entrance examination by comparing the conscious and behavior of SJHSE (students who enter school through junior high school entrance examination) and SHSE (students who enter school through high school entrance examination). By the analysis of survey data for 11th grade students who belong to Tokyo private combined junior high and high school, three findings were acquired. Firstly, in the upper and middle rank schools, SJHSE is a little dull in academic achievement. Secondly, the statement that SJHSE is easily adapted for school life is supported in the upper and middle rank schools. Thirdly, the tendency for SJHSE not to feel social inequality is seen very slightly.
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1050, pp.8-10, 2000-07-17

7月4日、会見を中途半端に打ち切って、逃げるようにエレベーターに乗り込む雪印乳業の石川哲郎社長は、詰め寄る記者にこう言い放った。 大阪を中心に1万人を超える被害者を出した雪印の食中毒事件——。事件発覚後に数々の問題発言を繰り返した石川社長だが、雪印の企業体質を最もよく表したのがこの言葉だった。
著者
川野 靖子
出版者
埼玉大学教養学部
雑誌
埼玉大学紀要. 教養学部 = Saitama University Review. Faculty of Liberal Arts (ISSN:1349824X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.2, pp.37-50, 2020

「塗る」等の動詞は、「壁にペンキを塗る/壁をペンキで塗る」のように、格体制の交替を起こす。従来から指摘されているように、こうした交替動詞は位置変化と状態変化の 2 つの意味を持つと考えられる。しかし一方で、交替動詞が表す位置変化の意味(e.g., 壁にペンキを塗る)と状態変化の意味(e.g., 壁をペンキで塗る)は、「別義」と言うには似すぎていることから、通常の多義語における意味間の関係とは異なる関係にあると考えられる。本稿では、それが具体的にどう異なるのかを考察し、以下のことを指摘した。交替動詞:「~ニ~ヲ塗る」と「~ヲ~デ塗る」は現実世界の同一事態を指示している。両表現の意味の違いは、その同一事態を位置変化として捉えているのか、状態変化として捉えているのか、という点にある。多義語 :多義語の各意味が指示する事態は、関連はするが同一事態ではなく、別の事態である。上記のように多義語との違いを詳らかにすることにより、交替動詞の特徴を明確にした。
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経エレクトロニクス (ISSN:03851680)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1036, pp.55-59, 2010-08-09

2010年7月16日。まさに飛ぶ鳥を落とす勢いの米Apple社が,異例の釈明会見を開いた。発売からわずか3日で,世界で170万台を出荷したスマートフォンの新機種「iPhone 4」のアンテナ問題についてだ。同社は釈明の場で,他社のスマートフォンを引き合いに出して自らの正当性を主張した。Apple社の主張は妥当なのか。
著者
河原 哲雄
出版者
日本認知心理学会
雑誌
日本認知心理学会発表論文集 日本認知心理学会第17回大会
巻号頁・発行日
pp.133, 2019 (Released:2019-10-28)

あいまいな対応関係を含む複数回の経験を総合することで単語と参照対象の対応関係を学習する交差状況学習(cross-situational learning)によって,個物とカテゴリという複数の階層のラベルが同時に学習可能であることを示したChen,Zhang&Yu(2018)の実験結果について,日本語話者による追試を試みた。また,交差状況学習を通じて単語と参照対象の間の対称性が学習されるかどうかを新たに検証した。ひらがな3文字の新奇語を単語刺激(音声呈示と視覚呈示),カップなどの日常的概念(4カテゴリ×4個物)の画像を参照対象とし,1回の経験で3つずつ単語と画像を呈示する設定で実験を実施したところ,複数階層ラベルの学習,対称性の学習とも実験参加者全体では確認されなかった。日本語使用による課題負荷の高さや,異なる学習方略を用いる実験参加者の混在などの可能性を検討することが今後の課題である。
著者
堀田 俊雄
出版者
金澤醫科大學十全會
雑誌
金澤醫科大學十全會雜誌
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.09-10, pp.301-308, 1947-10-20
著者
角川 隆明 萬久 博敏 荻田 太
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.1, pp.385-400, 2019-06-17 (Released:2019-06-25)
参考文献数
32
被引用文献数
2

Through pressure measurement and underwater motion capture analysis, the aim of this study was to clarify how propulsive forces, Froude efficiency, and stroke parameters change with swimming velocity during front-crawl swimming. Eight male swimmers performed 2 trials, once using pressure measurement and underwater motion capture analysis and once using a MAD system. In the analysis using pressure measurement and underwater motion capture, each swimmer performed 16-m front-crawl swimming 10 times at various velocities. During the trials, pressure forces acting on the hand and hand kinematics were analyzed to obtain the hand propulsive forces at each velocity. In the analysis using the MAD system, each swimmer performed 25-m front-crawl swimming 10 times at various velocities while pushing the pad set under the water, and the propulsive force at each velocity was obtained from the pushing force of the pad. This revealed that the mean propulsive force increased exponentially with the increase in mean swimming velocity, and the propulsive index n was 2.62 on average for the 8 participants. Maximal propulsive forces and maximal propulsive powers at maximum were significantly correlated with the results obtained using the MAD system. Froude efficiency varied considerably among the participants, being 0.54 ± 0.05 on average for all trials.