著者

Kazuo Saito Takumi Matsunobu

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.198-205, 2020 (Released:2020-11-04)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

5

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Heavy rainfalls often occur when a tropical cyclone (TC) exists on the sea off the south coast. These pre-typhoon rainfalls (PRE) is associated with the northward moisture transport ahead of the TC. In this paper, we examine the northward moisture transport by the ageostrophic winds associated with typhoon T0918 (Melor) and its impact on PRE. According to a numerical simulation conducted in the previous study (Saito 2019), we analyzed the northward moisture fluxes by reproduced geostrophic and ageostrophic winds. Although the southerly ageostrophic winds are dominant mainly in the upper levels, the ageostrophic winds contribute to enhance the poleward water vapor transport for the upper and middle levels above 3 km. To see the impact of the ageostrophic moisture transport on PRE, we conducted a sensitivity experiment where the model moisture in middle and upper levels over the sea off the south coast of western Japan was reduced. Precipitation over western Japan was decreased about 30% when the contributions in moisture fluxes by ageostrophic winds were removed. This result suggests that the northward ageostrophic winds associated with a TC enhance PRE by moistening the middle and upper atmosphere.

著者

石田 亨

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能 (ISSN:21882266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.19-20, 1998-01-01 (Released:2020-09-29)

著者

平野 大

出版者

日本映像学会

雑誌

映像学 (ISSN:02860279)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.101, pp.155-176, 2019-01-25 (Released:2019-06-25)

参考文献数

41

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【要旨】 本稿は、クリストファー・ノーラン監督による映画『プレステージ』について、シルクハットというアイテムに焦点を絞り、これを分析の手がかりとしながら、読み解いていくことを目的としている。同時に、いままであまり注目されてこなかったファッション・アイテムである帽子の、分析ツールとしての可能性の一端を提示していくことも試みていく。 映画『プレステージ』は19世紀末のロンドンを舞台に、「人間瞬間移動」を得意演目としていた二人の奇術師が繰り広げる確執の物語である。 本作を検証するにあたり、特に注目するシーンがある。それは、オープニングとエンディング部分に見られる数多くのシルクハットが空き地に散乱しているシーンである。アメリカの映画研究家、トッド・マガウアンは、『クリストファー・ノーランの嘘― 思想で読む映画論(The Fictional Christopher Nolan)』の中で、このシーンに関して「過剰な帽子は、創作活動に必然的に付随する余剰物である」と述べている。 このマガウアンの視点は、ノーランの映画製作観に鋭く踏み込む画期的なものである。しかし、果たしてシルクハットは、本当に創作活動の「余剰物」に過ぎないのであろうか。本作におけるシルクハットは「余剰物」以上の役割と意味を担っているのではなかろうか。 本稿においては、このマガウアンの指摘に対して、シルクハットの歴史や象徴性をふまえながら、検討を加えていく。

著者

春田 正毅

出版者

分子科学会

雑誌

Molecular Science (ISSN:18818404)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.A0056, 2012 (Released:2012-06-21)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1

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Although gold (Au) in bulk is almost inert as a catalyst, it turns to be active for many reactions when deposited as nanoparticles (NPs) and clusters on base metal oxides. They are characterized by three features; active at low temperatures, enhanced by water, and uniquely selective. Over supported Au NPs CO adsorbs on the Au surfaces and O2 is activated at the perimeter interfaces around Au NPs. Both the two adsorbates react with each other at the perimeter interfaces. Gold clusters are expected to exhibit unique selectivity through the precise control of the number of atoms and the selection of appropriate support materials.

著者

Nicholas WS Chew Ching-Hui Sia Hwee-Lin Wee Loh Jia-Da Benedict Saurabh Rastogi Pipin Kojodjojo Wei Ping Daniel Chor Benjamin Sieu-Hon Leong Brandon Chi-Ping Koh Howen Tam Lit-Sin Quek Winnie CH Sia Kalyar Win Saw Benjamin Wei-Liang Tung Zan Zhe-Yan Ng Anand Ambhore Edgar Lik-Wui Tay Koo-Hui Chan Chi-Hang Lee Joshua Ping-Yun Loh Adrian Fatt-Hoe Low Mark Yan-Yee Chan Tiong-Cheng Yeo Huay-Cheem Tan Poay-Huan Loh

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-20-0800, (Released:2020-11-07)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

45

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Background:Little is known about the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the outbreak response measures on door-to-balloon time (D2B). This study examined both D2B and clinical outcomes of patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).Methods and Results:This was a retrospective study of 303 STEMI patients who presented directly or were transferred to a tertiary hospital in Singapore for PPCI from October 2019 to March 2020. We compared the clinical outcomes of patients admitted before (BOR) and during (DOR) the COVID-19 outbreak response. The study outcomes were in-hospital death, D2B, cardiogenic shock and 30-day readmission. For direct presentations, fewer patients in the DOR group achieved D2B time <90 min compared with the BOR group (71.4% vs. 80.9%, P=0.042). This was more apparent after exclusion of non-system delay cases (DOR 81.6% vs. BOR 95.9%, P=0.006). Prevalence of both out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (9.5% vs. 1.9%, P=0.003) and acute mitral regurgitation (31.6% vs. 17.5%, P=0.006) was higher in the DOR group. Mortality was similar between groups. Multivariable regression showed that longer D2B time was an independent predictor of death (odds ratio 1.005, 95% confidence interval 1.000–1.011, P=0.029).Conclusions:The COVID-19 pandemic and the outbreak response have had an adverse effect on PPCI service efficiency. The study reinforces the need to focus efforts on shortening D2B time, while maintaining infection control measures.

著者

松崎 靖司 田中 直見 山口 高史 忠願寺 義通 西 雅明 千葉 俊也 大管 俊明 小松 義成

出版者

一般社団法人 日本肝臓学会

雑誌

肝臓 (ISSN:04514203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.12, pp.1464-1469, 1990-12-25 (Released:2009-07-09)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3 8

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筋痙攣を頻回に繰り返す非代償性肝硬変症にタウリンの経口投与を試みたところ,筋痙攣が消失した症例を経験したので報告する.症例は,64歳女性.両手,両下腿の筋痙攣,下腿浮腫を主訴にて入院.身体所見には異常を認めず.肝機能検査においては,GOT, GPTの軽度上昇,血清総蛋白,アルブミン,Ch-Eの低下を認めた.血中電解質,銅,カルシウム値,PTHは正常であった.腹部超音波,肝シンチにおいては肝硬変パターンであった.筋電図所見は,安静時において下肢,近位,遠位筋に多相性の神経筋単位を認めた.タウリン3.0g/日経口投与を試みた.投与7日目より筋痙攣は完全に消失した.さらに筋痙攣を伴う慢性肝障害患者10例にタウリンの経口投与を行った.その結果7例に痙攣の消失を認め,3例に症状の軽減を認めた.慢性肝障害における筋痙攣に対しタウリンは有効な治療法の一つに成り得ると考えられた.

著者

早田 義博 加藤 治文 周 明智 立花 正徳 林 永信 田原 真 河内 堯 瀬尾 泰樹 雨宮 隆太

出版者

The Japanese Respiratory Society

雑誌

日本胸部疾患学会雑誌 (ISSN:03011542)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.11, pp.759-768, 1977-11-25 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

20

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In order to examine the carcinogenetic process of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, the authors observed chronologically the changes of the bronchial epithelium throughout the duration of the experiment which produced squamous cell carcinoma in dogs. The changes were observed cytologically, histologically and bronchofiber-scopically.At the bifurcation of the apical and cardiac bronchi of two adult beagles and four adult mongrels a single dose of 50mg 20-methylcholanthrene (20-MC) was injected by means of a special needle which we developed for both therapeutic and experimental use through a bronchifiberscope at seven day intervals. Proliferation of basal cells accompanied by atypical nuclei or nuclear fission appeared immediately after injection of 20-MC, and were replaced by metaplastic cells after one week. Mildly atypical squamous cell metaplasia occured after 1-4 weeks, and moderately atypical squamous cell metaplasia after 2-8 weeks in all dogs. Five to nine weeks after the commencement of the experiment severely atypical squamous cell metaplasia appeared in 4 dogs, and in 3 dogs carcinoma in situ between 8 and 14 weeks. Invasive carcinoma developed after 18-22 weeks in 3 dogs (2 beagles, 1 mongrel). Squamous cell metaplasia was thus recognized to be an important precursor of squamous cell carcinoma, and further research on DNA analysis performed throughout the experiment may provide further elucidation of the carcinogenetic process.

著者

松田 実

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高次脳機能障害学会

雑誌

高次脳機能研究 (旧 失語症研究) (ISSN:13484818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.312-324, 2015-09-30 (Released:2016-10-01)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

5 5

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通常のアルツハイマー型認知症 (AD) の言語症状は, AD の神経病理の分布を反映して健忘失語から超皮質性感覚失語に移行していくのが一般的である。言語障害を主症状とする AD の亜型があり, 原発性進行性失語 (PPA) の一型とされている logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA) 以外に (1) 喚語困難/ 漢字の健忘失書型, (2) 超皮質性感覚失語型, (3) 左側頭葉型 (意味性認知症様の AD) なども存在する。LPA を構成する各徴候の軽重も症例により多様であり, 一症候群を形成するといえるのかどうか疑問であるが, 変性疾患としての特異性は著明な言語性短期記憶障害にあるのではないかと考えられた。

著者

黒川 貴幸 石川 智一 吉田 和明 森田 健太郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床救急医学会

雑誌

日本臨床救急医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13450581)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.527-532, 2016-06-30 (Released:2016-06-30)

参考文献数

10

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事例:平成25年8月,航海中に乗員が自殺した。発見時から同僚が心肺蘇生(以下CPR)を長時間行うも,蘇生できなかった。AED記録データを解析し,事案発生約20日後,医師がCPRデブリーフィング(以下DBF)を行った。最小限の講義後,AEDの記録心電図波形を公開し,胸骨圧迫の質につき解説した。後日CPRに関与した同僚に調査し,対象者15名中全員が「DBFを受けてよかった」と回答し,12名がCPRへの前向きな意見を出した。考察:本DBFにより,自分達のCPRを振り返ることで,グリーフケアの一助になった可能性がある。またCPRの必要性や重要性につき理解を得たと考える。一方DBFの効果についての評価手法や実施時期につき,今後検討を要する。結語:自殺事案発生後,CPRに関与した一般隊員に対しCPR-DBFを行った。CPRの必要性やグリーフケアの観点から,CPR-DBFは有用だった可能性がある。

著者

庄司 潤一郎

出版者

一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2012, no.170, pp.170_125-170_140, 2012-10-25 (Released:2014-10-26)

参考文献数

73

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It is often the case that when economic ties expand through trade, and the exchange of people expands, diplomacy will also take a favorable turn. However, in terms of the Japan-China relationship, which is symbolized by “cold political relations but hot economical relations,” such progress is not occurring. Because of incidents such as the collision of fishing boats off the coast of the Senkaku Islands, political tensions do not seem to be withering. Both Japan and China admit that the reason for this is the existence of the historical perception issue. However, until the 1970s, the historical perception issue was a domestic Japanese issue rather than a pending problem between Japan and China; but in 1982, with the textbook incident, it became an international issue. During this process, both the Japanese and Chinese governments have made certain political “compromises,” but this has instead stimulated domestic radical claims and both nations strengthening their nationalism, and this has created the structure of a vicious cycle. Furthermore, in the background, a composition was made involving the “politicization” of the historical perceptions of both countries and the “asymmetry” of respecting Chinese claims. Moreover, in recent years, the downturn of Japan and the rise of China have been making the historical perception issue more complex. In other words, the historical situation that Japan and China have never experienced coexistence as great powers, has been promoting a sense of mutual rivalry,which has undeniably led to the historical perception issue becoming more complicated. The historical perception issue has become a complex phenomenon as a result of its expansion in both countries after the textbook incident, such that the issue spans several dimensions of political diplomacy, academic research,and national sentiment; and it is becoming difficult to discuss it only within the framework of each government’s diplomacy. Therefore, it is necessary to work on the historical perception issue not only by considering diplomacy,but also by keeping watch on the achievements of academic research and on public opinion in both countries.

著者

小方 孝

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.4, pp.405-416, 2001-12-01 (Released:2008-10-03)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

2 8

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In this paper, a novel interdisciplinary approach to literary phenomena is proposed. I call this approach “expanded literary theory”. The expanded literary theory is a framework for research and practice that intends to develop an integrated model of literary phenomena with cognition, text, and institution by the fusion of literary theories, narratology, cognitive/computational science, and social sciences such as management and marketing, and aims at the dynamical analysis of literature, the experimental creation and practice of new literary genres. Here, after I describe the concept and objectives of the expanded literary theory, I consider its methodology and some trials.

著者

川辺 美穂 前川 理沙 土屋 一洋 日出山 拓人 椎尾 康

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.104, no.10, pp.2193-2200, 2015-10-10 (Released:2016-10-10)

参考文献数

10

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症例は19歳,男性.聴力障害,左下肢失調および両下肢痙縮による歩行障害で発症した.頭部造影MRIでは脳幹を中心に増強効果を伴う点状の異常信号域が散在性にみられた.ステロイドパルス療法の効果は乏しく,CLIPPERS(chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids)症候群を疑い,経口ステロイド内服を開始したところ,下肢痙縮・画像所見ともに改善を認めた.特徴的な画像所見から本疾患を疑い,他疾患を除外したうえで早期に治療を行うことが重要と考えられた.

著者

寺田 清人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.105, no.8, pp.1375-1380, 2016-08-10 (Released:2017-08-10)

参考文献数

8

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てんかん診療における薬剤選択の基本は各種ガイドラインに示されており,まず部分発作にはカルバマゼピン,全般発作にはバルプロ酸を十分量,単剤で用いる.これらの薬剤を使用できない,もしくはこれらの薬剤が無効の場合に第二選択薬を用いる.第二選択薬も無効な場合はてんかんの専門医の受診が推奨される.てんかん診療は包括診療であり,副作用や合併症,治療目標,社会的背景など様々な要因に配慮する必要がある.

著者

勝又 明敏

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本歯科放射線学会

雑誌

歯科放射線 (ISSN:03899705)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.22-25, 2015 (Released:2016-05-26)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

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Standardization of medical image data is an important issue for the both medical and dental radiology. Although almost every medical imaging systems employ DICOM standard, many of dental imaging devices does not adopt to DICOM standard. We evaluated the property of image data that produced from dental cone-beam CT systems using PDI (Portable Data for Images) check tool. As the results, CBCT systems that underwent evaluation adopted DICOM standard. However many incorrect descriptions were found in the tag information of DICOM files. In addition the density value of CBCT images did not correspond with Hounsfield unit.

著者

SUZUKI Kento IWASAKI Toshiki YAMAZAKI Takeshi

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-002, (Released:2020-10-21)

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Local fronts formed near the coast of the Kanto Plain mainly in a cold season, so-called “coastal fronts”, tend to be forecast on the inland side of their actual positions by the operational mesoscale Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP with a horizontal grid spacing of 5 km) model at Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). In this study, we confirm a systematic NWP error through statistical validations of coastal fronts that occurred with southerly onshore winds during 2015-2018. Using a nonhydrostatic numerical model (JMA-NHM), we explore the relevant physical mechanisms through sensitivity experiments involving different horizontal resolution, envelope orography, and physics parameterization schemes for three cases with typical errors. The operational NWP model is shown to have a systematic error, with local fronts being consistently shifted to the inland side of their actual positions when the forecast period exceeds 5 hours, regardless of precipitation. The sensitivity experiments suggest that the systematic error associated with coastal fronts may be primarily caused by an underestimation of the mountain barrier surrounding the Kanto Plain in the model. The northwestward distance error of coastal fronts, averaged over the three illustrative cases, can be reduced by 27 % and 37 % by increasing the horizontal resolution from 5 km to 2 km and 1 km, respectively, and can be almost entirely eliminated by using the envelope orography. Moreover, the evaporative cooling of precipitation shifts coastal fronts to the seaward. Most coastal fronts are thought to take the form of cold air trapped on the southeastern slope of the mountains surrounding the Kanto Plain, where the elevation angle of the frontal surface is roughly controlled dynamically. The local front shifts to the seaward when the ridgelines of the mountains become higher, and shifts to the seaward through the reduction of the elevation angle when the trapped air becomes colder.

著者

世利 修美

出版者

一般社団法人 軽金属学会

雑誌

軽金属 (ISSN:04515994)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.8, pp.371-380, 2007 (Released:2007-11-30)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

5 7

著者

Narihiro Orikasa Atsushi Saito Katsuya Yamashita Takuya Tajiri Yuji Zaizen Tzu-Hsien Kuo Wei-Chen Kuo Masataka Murakami

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.212-219, 2020 (Released:2020-11-05)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

2

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Since March 2012, multi-year ground-based observation of atmospheric aerosol particles has been carried out in Tsukuba, Japan to characterize the aerosol particle number concentrations (NCs), air mass origin relevance, and specifically, their cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nucleating particle (INP) characteristics. The CCN NCs at any water supersaturation (SS) exhibit strong seasonality, being higher in winter and lower in summer; this pattern is similar in the polluted urban environment in East Asia and contrary to that in the Pacific coastal region. The hygroscopicity (κ) is generally high in early autumn and low in early summer, likely due to the seasonal difference of synoptic-scale systems. In contrast, the INP NCs and ice nucleation active surface site density (ns) at defined temperature (−15 to −35°C) and SS (0%-5%) lack clear seasonal influence. The average INP NCs and ns in this study were comparable at warmer temperatures and approximately one order of magnitude lower at colder temperatures, compared with those in other urban locations under limited dust impact. Moreover, the ns values were one to four orders of magnitude lower and exhibited weaker temperature dependence than previous parameterizations on mineral dust particles.

著者

盛山 和夫

出版者

北海道社会学会

雑誌

現代社会学研究 (ISSN:09151214)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.1-37, 1992-04-15 (Released:2009-11-16)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

4

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階級理論は、マルクス主義的であるかそうでないかを問わず、階層理論とともに、危機を迎えているが、この危機を何とか打開しようとする試みも少なくない。そうした中で、その基本的着想がライトによって踏襲されているレーマーの『搾取と階級の一般理論』は、搾取概念の再検討にまでさかのぼって階級理論の再定式化をめざしたという点で、注目すべきものである。本稿は階級理論において搾取概念が占める位置を考察して明確にしたのち、レーマーとライトの新しい搾取概念を検討している。古典的な搾取理論は、「本来帰属すべき価値の不当な奪取」という観念に基礎をおいているのに対して、レーマーらのそれは「仮想的状態と比べた場合の格差」に基礎をおいてをり、限りなくネオ・ウェーバリアンの搾取概念に近くなっている。このため、具体的にいかなる社会集団が搾取―被搾取の関係にあるかを同定する能力に欠ける。それ以外の点も含めて、新しい搾取理論は今日の階級理論の危機を救うものとはいい難い。

著者

小方 孝

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.200-217, 2018-06-01 (Released:2018-12-01)

参考文献数

130

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In this paper, the author presents a new research area called “narratology of narrative generation” that covers humanities, such as narratology, information sciences, including artificial intelligence and cognitive science, and social sciences, such as economics. The narratology of narrative generation is also called “post-narratology” in the sense that it shows various possibilities or a vision of a novel narratology using narrative generation machines. The first and second sections show the importance of narrative generation and discusses approaches to the narratology of narrative generation or post-narratology by dividing into several themes, including narrative genres and the necessity of cultural narratology. The third section provides a part of the recent narrative generation studies. In the fourth section, the author overviews a basic framework for showing narrative communication structures and discusses the correspondence relations between various elements in a narrative generation process and the implementation methods, theories and techniques based on artificial intelligence and cognitive science.

著者

Yohsuke Yamamoto Kin-ya Akiba

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.11, pp.1128-1137, 2004-11-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

15 21

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Various carbon and boron compounds bearing a 1, 8-disubstituted anthracene skeleton were synthesized and characterized by X-ray analysis. They showed three types of structures based on the kinds of substituents. The first one is symmetrical and is a loose pentacoordinate structure, which has the sp2 carbon or boron atom and the two weak apical interactions. The next one is an unsymmetrical tetracoordinate structure, which has the sp3 central atom. The last one is symmetrical and is a tight pentacoordinate structure, which resulted from the special feature of the fluorine substituents on the boron. The existence of hypervalent interaction was proved by the Atoms In Molecules Theory, experimental electron distribution analysis and a comparison among the structures of tight and loose pentacoordinate species. The synthesis and structures of hypervalent carbon compounds with a 2, 6-bis (aryloxymethyl) benzene ligand are also discussed.