著者

上野 紘一 岩井 修一 小島 吉雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.9-18, 1980-01-25 (Released:2008-02-29)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

7 11 6

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Karyotypes of three spinous loaches, Cobitis biwae, C. taenia taenia and C. taenia striata from western Japan were investigated. As the result, chromosome polymorphisms and polyploid (tetraploid) were observed in these species. (1) C. biwae: Diploid specimens showed 48 chromosomes in 2n number. There were three types in chromosome constitutions such as 22M+20SM, ST+6A, 20M+20SM, ST+8A and 20m+18SM, ST+10A. On the other hand, teraploid specimens were characterized by 96 chromosomes which consisted of 38M+54SM, ST+20A. (2) C. taenia taenia: Diploid specimens with 50 chromosomes were characterized by 12M+4SM+34A. In the tetraploid forms, two types of individuals with 86 and 94 chromosome numbers were foud. These complements were made up of 32M+32SM, ST+22A in the former, and 26M+32SM, ST+36A in the latter. (3) C. taenia striata: Diploid form was the same as that of C. taenia taenia, whereas tetraploid form possessed 98 chromosomes consisting of 20M+22SM, ST+56A. (4) The geographical distribution on each group with different karyotypes showed that they have their own habitats forming respective isolated associations. Systematics and speciation in three species of Cobitidae were discussed on the bases of the karyotypic differentiation and habitat segregation.

著者

佐藤 信武 生方 正章 岩崎 了教 韮澤 崇 工藤 寿治 杉立 久仁代

出版者

日本農薬学会

雑誌

日本農薬学会誌 (ISSN:21870365)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.223-235, 2016-08-20 (Released:2017-03-01)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1

著者

藤森 勉

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.4, pp.302-325,378, 1960-08-30 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

1 1

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Tamano City of Okayama Prefecture, as a case of studies in industrial area, is treated here. The city is a mono-industrial city centering at Mitsui ship-building yard and grew up through it. To begin with, it unexpectedly began to show germination of growth as a local city since Mitsui ship-building yard was established in March of Taisho 8 (1919); though habitants of this area had been engaged in farming and fishing, by that time, by using limited plain and its back hilly land of granite on the Inland Sea of Seto. Main factor in the location of ship-building yard seems to have been various economic conditions that based on the policy of management in Mitsui Capital, and the natural and cultural conditions in this region. After that, in accordance with the changes of international and internal economic situation, prosperity and decay in turn had successively occurred according to the growth of ship-building. These situations also were related directly to the growth of Tamano city. Peculiarities of production structure that ship-building had in itself, soon became to reflect on Tamano mono-industrial city just as it was. Houses of workers were built up, and having these dwelling houses as their object, some shopping streets were formed, for many work-men were gathered around the village which was once out-of-the-way. And then, road-repairing and road-project were so smoothly and rapidly performed that the land features were in comparatively a short time changed village into town, town into city. With the progress of settlement, a bigger change was seen on the interior structure. Among the present population of 60, 000, for instance, ten per cents of the population are exployed in this ship-building yard. Bearing this fact in mind, you can easily understand that this city forms a close relation with ship-building business.If you consider the relations of all the kinds of correlated and subcontract industries and temporary workers and out-side workers characteristic in ship-bluilding, this relations will be more emphaticaly recongized. Prosperity and depression of ship-building business immediately mean those of Tamano city itself. Well, in the case of such mono-industrial city, there are also many faults exist for its too much acute reliance on ship-building: for good examples, the growth of correlated industries is stagnant, and the classification of labor structure in the ship-building makes its appearance in the order of civic social life as it is etc. In Japan, it is not too much to say that most of the local industrial cities have more or less similar phenomena. The author considers that these kinds of studies have to be made more actively, for the regional structure in Japanese industry must be more widely understood.

著者

大類 孝

出版者

一般社団法人 日本老年医学会

雑誌

日本老年医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03009173)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.5, pp.574-577, 2006-09-25 (Released:2011-03-02)

参考文献数

27

著者

Simone Villa Andrea Lombardi Davide Mangioni Giorgio Bozzi Alessandra Bandera Andrea Gori Mario C. Raviglione

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020.01016, (Released:2020-04-09)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

40

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COVID-19, that emerged in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China and is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly evolved into a pandemic. Italy has become one of the largest epicentres outside Asia, accounting now for at least 80,539 infections (cumulative incidence of 95.9/100,000) and 8,165 deaths (case fatality rate 10.1%). It has seriously affected people above the age of 60 years. The International Health Regulations (IHR) revised in 2005 bind governments to disclose vital information regarding the identification and detection of new disease outbreaks regardless of its causative agent. In contrast to the previous SARS epidemic, China timely informed the world about the onset of a new outbreak. It also soon disclosed the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19. Unfortunately, despite the fast recognition of the Chinese epidemic, the application of the 2005 IHR was not followed by an effective response in every country and most health authorities failed to rapidly perceive the threat posed by COVID-19. To further complicate matters, IHR implementation, which relies primarily on self-reporting data rather than on an external review mechanism, was limited in speed and further hindered by high costs. The response in Italy suffered from several limitations within the health system and services. The action against this threat must instead be quick, firm and at the highest trans-national level. The solution lies in further strengthening countries' preparedness through a clear political commitment, mobilization of proper resources and implementation of a strict surveillance and monitoring process.

著者

松山 州徳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.106, no.3, pp.409-414, 2017-03-10 (Released:2018-03-10)

参考文献数

9

著者

金折 裕司 川上 紳一 矢入 憲二

出版者

日本活断層学会

雑誌

活断層研究 (ISSN:09181024)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1994, no.12, pp.40-54, 1994-02-15 (Released:2012-11-13)

参考文献数

33

著者

高田 望 佐藤 悠 吉田 翔 池淵 周一

出版者

水文・水資源学会

雑誌

水文・水資源学会研究発表会要旨集 水文・水資源学会2014年度研究発表会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.100040, 2014 (Released:2014-12-01)

被引用文献数

2

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近年、地上雨量観測所では捕捉出来ない局地的な大雨が多発しており、面的雨量情報(以下、メッシュ雨量データという)の重要性が一層高まっている。5分遅れ程度で利用可能な日本全域を網羅するメッシュ雨量データとしては気象庁合成レーダー、国土交通省Cバンド合成レーダ雨量(以下、国交省合成レーダーという)が存在する。 著者らはダム流入量予測を目的に、地上雨量計データ及びメッシュ雨量データを活用する降雨予測手法を開発し、そのシステム化と運用を行ってきた。ここでメッシュ雨量データは雨域の移動予測を行う上で初期値となる。さらに観測及び予測雨量は分布型流出予測システムの入力値となり流量に変換される。すなわち、メッシュ雨量データの精度は降雨予測及び流出予測の精度に直結すると言える。2014年1月、気象庁合成レーダーに続いて国交省合成レーダーについても、デジタル値の民間利用が可能となった。そこで両者の精度比較を、気象庁アメダス観測値を用いて行った。評価対象地域は近畿地方(東経134度30分~137度、北緯33度30分~36度)とし、2013年の1年間を評価対象期間として以下の方法で精度評価を行った。   (1)     5分毎のメッシュ雨量データを積算し、正時毎に1時間雨量データを作成する。 (2)     毎正時のアメダス時間雨量データに対する上記(1)で作成したメッシュ雨量データの、①相関係数 ②二乗平均平方根誤差 ③総雨量比(メッシュ雨量/アメダス雨量)をアメダス観測点毎に算出する。 (3)     上記評価指標①②③の分布図を作成し、両メッシュ雨量の精度特性を面的に評価する。 (4)     全141地点の評価値の算術平均値を算出する。   検討の結果、気象庁合成レーダーと比較して国土交通省合成レーダーの精度が高いことがわかった。特に、紀伊半島南部において気象庁合成レーダーの過小評価傾向が顕著であった。今後、評価対象地域、評価期間を拡張した検証および10分間雨量等の短時間雨量を対象とした検証を行う予定である。さらに検証結果を踏まえ、国交省合成レーダーと気象庁合成レーダーの合成等、リアルタイムで利用する上での補正方法についても検討を行う予定である。

著者

山内 裕 平本 毅 泉 博子 張 承姫

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 組織学会

雑誌

組織科学 (ISSN:02869713)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.53-65, 2015-12-20 (Released:2016-06-29)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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クリーニング屋の店員によるオプション提案のように,顧客にとって想定外のものでありうる行為は組織ルーチンから外れる可能性がある.そのとき店員はいかにして,問題がなく自然なものとしてオプション提案を行い,組織ルーチンを作り上げるのか.本研究では,エスノメソドロジーに依拠して店員と顧客の会話分析を行い,ルーチンを作り上げるにあたって店員が自らの行為に説明可能性を付与する実践が重要であることを示す.

著者

藤井 哲郎

出版者

一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会

雑誌

映像情報メディア学会誌 (ISSN:13426907)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.5, pp.583-586, 2007-05-01 (Released:2009-10-27)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

Yukiko Kinjo Makoto Takahashi Naoto Hirose Masami Mizu De-Xing Hou Koji Wada

出版者

Japan Oil Chemists' Society

雑誌

Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.183-191, 2019 (Released:2019-02-01)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1 6

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Stress is a part of everyday life, but excessive stress can be related to diverse diseases. Recently, oral intake of a non-centrifuged cane sugar, Kokuto, was reported to produce potential anti-stress effects in humans. However, the molecular components associated with the anti-stress property of Kokuto remain mostly unknown. Therefore, we focused on the non-sugar component (NSC) fractions of Kokuto, and investigated how serum corticosterone level (used as a stress marker) and antioxidant activity were affected in restraint-stressed mice treated with NSC fractions obtained from the elusion on HP-20 resin with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% aqueous methanol (MeOH) solutions. Among the four NSC fractions, the 50% MeOH fraction showed a high content of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant activity. Moreover, oral administration of the 50% MeOH fraction suppressed both corticosterone secretion into the serum and reduction of antioxidant activity in serum and liver in restraint-stressed mice. Component analysis of the 50% MeOH fraction identified five antioxidative phenolic compounds: p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxyacetophenone, schaftoside, isoschaftoside, and p-coumaric acid. Phenolic compounds detected in the NSC fractions of Kokuto might contribute to the anti-stress property of Kokuto. In addition, this research provides more understanding of potential health benefits offered by the constituents of Kokuto.

著者

三輪 茂雄 細川 宏

出版者

The Society of Powder Technology, Japan

雑誌

粉体工学研究会誌 (ISSN:18838766)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.4, pp.253-257, 1969-08-01 (Released:2010-08-10)

参考文献数

6

著者

山口 靖英

出版者

The Surface Finishing Society of Japan

雑誌

表面技術 (ISSN:09151869)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.256-259, 1999-03-01 (Released:2009-10-30)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

6 6

著者

幸島 匡宏 松林 達史 澤田 宏

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.6, pp.745-754, 2015-11-01 (Released:2015-10-27)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

4

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In this paper, we propose a new Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) method for consumer behavior pattern extraction. NMF is one of the pattern extraction method and is formulated to factorize a non-negative matrix into the product of two factor matrices. Since various types of datasets are represented by non-negative matrices, NMF could be applied in wide range of research fields including marketing science, natural language processing and brain signal processing. However, more effective extension method is required in a purchase log analysis in marketing operation since marketer needs to extract interpretable patterns from sparse matrix in which most of the elements are zero. Therefore, we propose Non-negative Micro Macro Mixed Matrix Factorization (NM4F) which uses attribution information of both users and items to improve interpretability and capability to deal with sparsity. NM4F is formulated as a method which could simultaneously factorize multiple matrices using shared factor matrices and linear constraint between factor matrices. This formulation enables to increase an amount of available information and to extract consistent patterns with several different aspect. We derive the parameter estimation algorithm by multiplicative update rules. We confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of both quality and quantity by using real consumer panel dataset. In addition, we discuss a relation between extracted patterns by the visualization results using graph drawing.

著者

佐藤 信

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.6, pp.398-403, 1973-06-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

参考文献数

9

著者

横山 宏美 金本 勇

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医師会

雑誌

日本獣医師会雑誌 (ISSN:04466454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.165-167, 1997-03-20 (Released:2011-06-17)

参考文献数

3

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離乳時から嚥下困難を呈した雄のパピヨン種5ヵ月齢, 体重1.1kgに対して, X線透視像ビデオ撮影検査を行った. 輪状咽頭筋の弛緩が悪く, 咽頭の収縮と輪状咽頭筋の弛緩に協調性が認められなかったことから, 輪状咽頭筋の機能障害と診断した. この症例に対し, 輪状咽頭筋切開術を実施したところ, 良好な経過をたどった.

著者

Yuji Nishizaki Hiroyuki Daida

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Reports (ISSN:24340790)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, pp.260-264, 2020-04-10 (Released:2020-04-10)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

4

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Background:The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), represented by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid, have anti-atherogenic effects (e.g., neutral fat-lowering effects) and other beneficial effects such as antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, plaque stabilizing, vascular endothelial function ameliorative, antihypertensive, and anti-arrhythmic effects. Epidemiological studies and clinical trials have assessed the inhibitory effects of n-3 PUFA on cardiovascular events.Methods and Results:Studies that reported positive outcomes, such as the Japan EPA Lipid intervention Study (JELIS) and the Cardiovascular Risk Reduction with Icosapent Ethyl for Hypertriglyceridemia (REDUCE-IT), noted a tendency toward the use of high-dose n-3 PUFA (1.8–4 g/day). The Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Infarto Miocardico-Prevenzione (GISSI-Prevenzione) trial and the JELIS had high EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) baseline ratios. In contrast, negative outcome studies, such as the Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial, Risk and Prevention study, A Study of Cardiovascular Events in Diabetes (ASCEND), and the Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (VITAL) had participants who tended to use low-dose n-3 PUFA (0.84–1 g/day) and to have low baseline EPA/AA.Conclusions:Differences in baseline EPA/AA ratio and the EPA/AA ratio threshold for the prevention of cardiovascular events seem to contribute to the different outcomes, together with the dose of n-3 PUFA.

著者

流王 貴義

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.408-423, 2012-12-31 (Released:2014-02-10)

参考文献数

29

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『社会分業論』にてデュルケムは有機的連帯という社会統合の概念を提示している. この連帯概念の特徴は, 集合意識に基づく機械的連帯とは異なり, 社会的分化を許容している点に存する. しかし社会統合の概念である以上, 有機的連帯は個々人の自己利益にのみ基づく経済的な関係から区別されるべきであり, その基礎となる契約関係も当事者間の合意に還元はできない性質を持っている. 「契約における非契約的要素」とは, 経済学的な契約観に対するデュルケムの批判をパーソンズが定式化したものである.しかし「契約における非契約的要素」とは具体的に何を指しているのか. 有機的連帯に固有の統合メカニズムの特定に重要となる論点であるにもかかわらず, デュルケム研究者の間でも見解が分かれている. 集合意識を指しているのか, 人格崇拝なのか, 社会の非合理的基礎なのか, それとも社会に由来する強制力を意味しているのか. 本稿は「契約における非契約要素」とは契約法である, との解釈を提示する.契約法の役割は, 契約当事者間の権利義務を定め, 有機的連帯の安定を可能にする, という法の執行のみに留まらない. 契約関係における調和の維持という積極的な役割も契約法は担っている. 合意が契約として法的保護を受けるためには, 法により定められた条件を満たす必要があるが, デュルケムはこの条件を調和的な協働が維持されるための条件として理論的に読み替えるのである.

著者

Sachie Kanada Kazuhisa Tsuboki Izuru Takayabu

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.57-63, 2020 (Released:2020-04-09)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

9

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To understand the impacts of global warming on tropical cyclones (TCs) in midlatitude regions, dynamical downscaling experiments were performed using a 4-km-mesh regional model with a one-dimensional slab ocean model. Around 100 downscaling experiments for midlatitude TCs that traveled over the sea east of Japan were forced by large-ensemble climate change simulations of both current and warming climates. Mean central pressure and radius of maximum wind speed of simulated current-climate TCs increased as the TCs moved northward into a baroclinic environment with decreasing sea surface temperature (SST). In the warming-climate simulations, the mean central pressure of TCs in the analysis regions decreased from 958 hPa to 948 hPa: 12% of the warming-climate TCs were of an unusual central pressure lower than 925 hPa. In the warming climate, atmospheric conditions were strongly stabilized, however, the warming-climate TCs could develope, because the storms developed taller and stronger eyewall updrafts owing to higher SSTs and larger amounts of near-surface water vapor. When mean SST and near-surface water vapor were significantly higher and baroclinicity was significantly smaller, unusual intense TCs with extreme wind speeds and large amounts of precipitation around a small eye, could develop in midlatitude regions, retaining the axisymetric TC structures.

著者

小垣 匡史 伊佐 常紀 村田 峻輔 坪井 大和 奥村 真帆 松田 直佳 河原田 里果 内田 一彰 中塚 清将 堀邉 佳奈 小野 玲

出版者

日本運動疫学会

雑誌

運動疫学研究 (ISSN:13475827)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.5-12, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-04-10)

参考文献数

28

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目的:本研究の目的は,9~12歳の児童において日常的な外遊びと遂行機能の各項目(作業記憶, 認知柔軟性,抑制機能)の関連を性別で層別して調査することとした。方法:神戸市内の公立小学校2校に通う小学4年生から6年生314名を対象とした。作業記憶はDigit Span Test(DST),認知柔軟性はTrail Making Test(TMT),抑制機能はStroop testを用いて測定した。外遊びは自記式質問紙を用いてその頻度を測定し,週3日以上外遊びを行う児童を外遊び高頻度群,週3日未満外遊びを行う児童を外遊び低頻度群とした。児童期における外遊びの特性は性別で異なるため,解析は性別で層別して実施した。統計解析は,目的変数を遂行機能の各項目,説明変数を外遊びの頻度とし,学年で調整した回帰分析を実施後,交絡因子を学年,body mass index(BMI),身体活動量とした強制投入法による重回帰分析を実施した。結果:男児は女児と比べて身体活動量および外遊びの頻度が有意に高かった。男児において外遊びの頻度と遂行機能に有意な関連は認められなかったが,女児において外遊びの頻度と認知柔軟性にのみ有意な関連が認められた[偏回帰係数(B)=−8.90, 95%信頼区間:−16.97,−0.82]。交絡因子の調整後も女児において外遊びの頻度と認知柔軟性は有意な関連を示 した[B=−10.76(−19.42,−2.10]。結論:児童期後期において,女児の外遊びの頻度が認知柔軟性と有意に関連することを初めて示した。本研究は,特に外遊びが少ない女児において,遂行機能の一部と関連が示された外遊びが重要であることを示唆した。