著者

田中 成典 福澤 薫 本間 光貴

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学会・情報化学部会

雑誌

日本化学会情報化学部会誌 (ISSN:09133747)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.205, 2017 (Released:2017-10-14)

参考文献数

12

著者

原沢 文弥

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.5, pp.277-291, 1958-05-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

57

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The consolidation of the post towns on the five main highways, and on the other roads designated. by the Tokugawa government, was originally for the supply of men and horses for official needs, chiefly for the going up to and coming down from Edo for the alternate-year residence of daimyos. In using the regularly stationed men and horses at these post towns, official needs were first met on priority basis and the transportation of common travellers and merchants' goods and luggage was always deferred. The chief duty of post towns was to offer men and horses for official traffic, which was indeed a heavy burden to these towns. Although taxation on the lands they lived on was exempted in compensation for the expense and service, it was not sufficient to make up for the loss. Therefore, these towns were permitted to cover it by gaining profit offering service for common travellers and carrying merchandise in their leisure hours, or by obtaining the license of keeping inns and shops in the towns. The profit thus gained by transporting goods and luggage of common travellers was very importan_??_ to maintain the functions of post towns. But private travellers and goods were not only deferred in transport but were transshipped at every post town. And this transsipment had such shortcomings as damage in the goods, delay in the time of transport, and more cost in carriage and commission. It was only too natural, therefore, that merchandise in general tried to avoid being forwarded in this relay system; they would have avoided if they had been able to. But the system was protected and carried out by the authority of the government; the five main highways and the other roads designated by the government were privileged traffic routes located with the strong governmental protection at their back. The inconveniences of these routes were not keenly felt in the earlier stages of the Edo government, when traffic was not so dense and transport of merchandise was small. Besides, the authority of the government made it impossible for people to resist. But as more merchandise came to be transferred and more people began to travel, the inconveniences and conflict of interests became more and more apparent. By and by there appeared gradually an indication that people would try to avoid the privileged routes. In addition, the gradual loosening of the government in the enforcement of laws and regulations accelerated the tendency. Consequently, there arose a new means of transport contrived by private transport agencies to forward merchandise through by carriers using horses or oxen. These carriers and horses (or oxen) sometimes avoided certain post towns on the way; mostly they tried to utilize only the byways if available. Thus the new means of transport was born by the need of cheap and puick way of forwarding goods, while the old privileged routes had the protection of the government or feudal lords in their background. As the traffic on the byways prosperd, more goods came to be sent by them and the main highways wera more neglected, which was a vital problem to post towns since their functions must be paralyzed in the end. The two were destined to conflict and the power of the government was another factor to complicate the matter. This made a characteristic feature of the traffic system in the Edo period, especially in its middle and later stages. Whether one liked it or not, the situation turned favorable on the byways and the traffic on them became more and more heavy while it became impossible in the end to maintain the post-town system. The Present study has chosen a certain area with the Usui Pass in its center where byways developed most remarkably and using litigious document and maps of villages preserved in places which used to be post towns, has considered the relation between the post towns and the byway traffic.

著者

Minghao Yang Ruiting Zuo Liqiong Wang Xiong Chen Yanke Tan Xin Li

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.74-78, 2018 (Released:2018-06-26)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3

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Based on 55-yr output data from the historical runs of twelve Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phase 5 (CMIP5) models and a NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) reanalysis, we evaluate the capability of those models to simulate the interannual variability of the winter North Atlantic storm track (WNAST). It is found that the multi-model ensemble (MME) is better than any single models in reflecting the spatial distribution of WNAST interannual variability and has the smallest root mean square error (RMSE). The strengths of the interannual variations in half of the models are universally weaker than in the NCEP reanalysis. In addition, the simulated interannual variability vary largely among these models in (55°N–65°N, 35°W–0°). MPI-ESM-LR, FGOALS-s2 and MRI-CGCM3 have relatively better abilities than other models to reflect the interannual variability of WNAST strength, longitude and latitude indices respectively. However, the interannual variability of WNAST longitude and latitude indices (strength index) are (is) overestimated (underestimated) in MME.

著者

綱川 孝俊 白井 厚太朗

出版者

日本魚類学会

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18-009, (Released:2018-06-30)

参考文献数

62

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The migratory histories of individual masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou collected from the Naka River, Tochigi, Japan were clarified from otolith strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations using X‒ray electron microprobe analysis. Mapping and line analysis indicated three migratory types of the species. In addition to the conventional types, such as freshwater resident and typical anadromous (spending one year in marine waters), a new migratory pattern of short marine term anadromous (remaining in marine waters for several months) was apparent. Detailed life histories of short marine term anadromous individuals were estimated from otolith Sr fluctuations and ageing, from both scale and otolith daily increments. Consequently, more than half of the Naka River population was estimated to migrate to a marine environment upon reaching a total length of 178‒252 mm (one year old) in December‒January, thereafter staying in marine waters for approximately five months, before returning to the river in May‒July at 345‒463 mm total length. These findings may help establish an enhancement method for this species as a recreational fishery stock. Future investigations, including tagging, verification of age evaluation methods, and gene analysis are necessary to confirm the existence of the short marine term anadromous form.

著者

Hiroki Ito Shizuka Bando Kosuke Oiwa Akio Nozawa

出版者

The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan

雑誌

電気学会論文誌C(電子・情報・システム部門誌) (ISSN:03854221)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.7, pp.812-821, 2018-07-01 (Released:2018-07-01)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1

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An imbalance of the circadian rhythm due to an irregular lifestyle leads to autonomic dystonia. The long-hour variations of the physiological indices such as core temperature and heart rate variability, associated with the autonomic nervous activity, have been focused. Additionally, the relationships between these physiological indices and facial skin temperature have been reported. The objective of this study is to identify the day-long variable components of facial thermal images (FTIs) to evaluate the corresponding variations of autonomic nervous activity by non-contact measurement. In this study, the measured FTIs were subjected to independent component analysis (ICA). Additionally, multiple regression analysis was performed to estimate the relationships between independent components, extracted from FTIs, and other psychophysiological indices, associated with autonomic nervous activity. As a result, the facial day-long variable components, representing the reproducible rhythm through multiple days, were identified by applying ICA to several different combinations of FTIs. Moreover, these components were associated with the axillary temperature. Therefore, the long-period variations, associated with autonomic nervous activity, could be evaluated from the facial skin temperature.

著者

Kosuke Oiwa Shizuka Bando Akio Nozawa

出版者

The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan

雑誌

電気学会論文誌C(電子・情報・システム部門誌) (ISSN:03854221)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.7, pp.783-789, 2018-07-01 (Released:2018-07-01)

参考文献数

36

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Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors for cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and chronic kidney diseases. Regular measurement and monitoring of blood pressure is important to decrease or prevent pathogenesis of diseases. Contactless measurement of blood pressure using a smartphone application, can enable regular monitoring. The objective of this study is to construct a system which can monitor blood pressure anytime and anywhere. In this study, contactless blood pressure assessment was attempted, using facial visible image analysis and created individual models for blood pressure estimation. Variation in brightness of the skin color was obtained from facial visible images and applied to independent component analysis, which is one of the blind source separation methods to extract the facial photoplethysmogram (PPG) component using a proposed system. Amplitude and phase of facial PPG component were used as indices for blood pressure. A correlation analysis between facial PPG component and blood pressure was performed and created individual models for blood pressure estimation.

著者

高橋 幸子 山本 賢司 松浦 信典 伊賀 富栄 志水 哲雄 白倉 克之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本心身医学会

雑誌

心身医学 (ISSN:03850307)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.167-175, 1999-02-01 (Released:2017-08-01)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2

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音楽聴取が情動にどのような影響を及ぼすかを明らかにするために実験を行った.被験者は健康な女子大学生31名.セッションは, 安静保持と検者が選択した音楽と被験者が選択した好みの音楽(どちらも落ち着くことを目的として選択された)を用いた.情動変化を測定するために心理テストProfille of Mood States(POMS)を用い, その絶果を解析した.短時間の音楽聴取により, POMSの「活気」以外の各因子において, 明らかに一時的な情動変化が観察された.その変化は音楽のジャンルに関係なく, 一貫したパターンを示した.これらの結果から, 音楽聴取はホメオスタティックな情動変化を起こしていることが考えられた.

著者

和田 有史 綾部 早穂

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.255-257, 2018-03-31 (Released:2018-06-16)

著者

高橋 学

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.1, pp.82-93, 2014 (Released:2013-12-31)

参考文献数

74

被引用文献数

8 41

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Development in sheet steels has progressed with a strong relation with automotive industry in Japan. To meet with the requirements from automotive industry, various types of sheet steels including high and ultra-high strength steel sheets have been developed. Progresses in three types of steel series will be discussed by checking the historical facts and technologies and their contributions. Introductions of interstitial free (IF) steel and continuous annealing system are the important events in mild steel developments for panels. Extensive work on finding the optimum mixtures of hard and soft phases to improve elongation of steels contributed to improve the crashworthiness of autobodies. Continuous annealing system also played an important role in producing these advanced high strength steels. Precipitation is used in characteristic ways which is to scavenge solute carbon and nitrogen and to prevent coarse cementite particle precipitation. It is also worth to point out that the strong collaborative activities particularly characteristic in Japan between steel manufacturers and auto companies have affected on the progress in advanced sheet steels.

著者

Akihisa SUWA Tetsuya SHIMODA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17-0619, (Released:2018-06-25)

被引用文献数

15

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Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is a clinicopathological entity characterized by histiocytic proliferation, with marked hemophagocytosis in the reticuloendothelial organs. HPS caused by lymphoma is termed lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (LAHS), and there are few reports on canine and feline LAHS. The objective of this study was to examine the clinical, diagnostic, and clinicopathologic features of LAHS in six dogs. The diagnostic criteria of LAHS consisted of lymphoma, bicytopenia or pancytopenia in the blood, and increased hemophagocytosis in the reticuloendothelial organs. In one dog, an ocular form of lymphoma was recognized. A splenic form was recognized in two dogs, and a hepatosplenic form was recognized in three dogs. Immunophenotyping revealed T-cell origin in five dogs and B-cell origin in one dog by polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement analysis. Nonspecific esterase stain was performed to differentiate between neoplastic lymphocytes and hemophagocytes. All five dogs with T-cell lymphoma were diagnosed with large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lymphoma. In three cases, palliative therapy with glucocorticoids was conducted, while the other three cases received chemotherapy as well. The survival times for the three dogs with glucocorticoids only were 6, 6, and 10 days and were 30, 54, and 68 days for the three treated with anticancer therapy. The median survival time for the dogs was 20 days. This report indicates that canine LAHS is likely to be caused by LGL lymphoma, and it has an aggressive behavior and poor general prognosis, as seen in humans.

著者

秋草 俊一郎

出版者

日本比較文学会

雑誌

比較文学 (ISSN:04408039)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, pp.51-65, 2014-03-31 (Released:2018-05-26)

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In this paper I propose to examine the myth that the Harvard Classics (1909-1910) directly influenced the development of the enpon zenshū (oneyen books, a collection of inexpensive volumes published in the late 1920s). I intend to do so through investigating the similarity between the Harvard Classics and two enpon, Kaizō-sha’s Gendai nihon bungaku zenshū (1926) and Shinchō-sha's Sekai bungaku zenshū (1927). In his memoir, the editor and critic Ki Kimura (1894-1979) revealed “the origin of the enpon zenshū.” Having purchased a set of the second edition of the Harvard Classics, Kimura approached Sanehiko Yamamoto (1885-1952), the president of the Japanese publishing house, Kaizō-sha, and suggested the possibility of publishing a similar collection in Japan. Yamamoto immediately hit upon the idea of the enpon as a multi-volume anthology of Japanese contemporary literature, which went on to attract many readers and to generate incredible sales. Kimura also suggested the idea of the huge anthology to an editor at Shinchō-sha. In addition, Kimura clearly asserted that Gendai nihon bungaku zenshū 's formal structure and content were designed after the model of the Harvard Classics. While the avid editor Kimura wished to dignify and canonize his own collections by drawing on the prestige of the Harvard brand, a close comparison of these monumental anthologies suggests that the Harvard Classics in fact had little influence on the enpon zenshū. Perhaps more interesting, however, are the similar cultural and pedagogical shifts (e.g., the general public’s aspiration for higher education) in the U.S. and Japan that led to both anthology booms.

著者

馬渡 静夫

出版者

The Sessile Organisms Society of Japan

雑誌

付着生物研究 (ISSN:03883531)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.85-96, 1981-09-20 (Released:2009-10-09)

参考文献数

16

著者

Yasutomo HORI Kensuke NAKAMURA Nobuyuki KANNO Makoto HITOMI Yohei YAMASHITA Satoshi HOSAKA Noriko ISAYAMA Takahiro MIMURA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17-0557, (Released:2018-06-22)

被引用文献数

1

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Alacepril is a relatively novel angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; however, the safety, tolerance, and efficacy of alacepril in terms of cough suppression in dogs with mitral valve disease (MVD) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety, tolerance, and cough suppression efficacy of alacepril in dogs with MVD. This was a multi-center, prospective study. Forty-two dogs with echocardiographic or radiographic evidence of cardiac enlargement in addition to cough were enrolled. Dogs were treated with alacepril (1.0–3.0 mg/kg/day) for at least 4 weeks. One dog (2.4%) developed complications, including appetite loss, lethargy, and vomiting. Thirty-six dogs were re-evaluated after 4 weeks of treatment. Cough resolved or improved in 20 dogs (55.6%) after treatment. Based on the efficacy of alacepril, the dogs were divided into an effective group (n=20) and an ineffective group (n=16). After treatment, the left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter corrected for body weight was significantly increased from baseline in the ineffective group but was significantly decreased in the effective group. Univariate binomial logistic regression analyses showed that high atrial natriuretic peptide level, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level, and E wave velocity at baseline were significantly correlated with alacepril inefficacy. Alacepril as treatment for MVD is well tolerated in most dogs, and different conditions of cardiac loading may influence the effect of the drug. Alacepril is expected to improve the quality of life of dogs with early stage MVD.

著者

進士 五十八

出版者

社団法人 日本造園学会

雑誌

造園雑誌 (ISSN:03877248)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.5, pp.73-78, 1984-03-30 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 1

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Agingは古びることの意・本論は日本庭園の精神的特質の代表的側面とされてきた“わび・さび”の現代的解釈をAging概念を導入することによって次のように結論した。モンスーン知戻高温多楓土下では自然材が時間経過によってAgingがかかり, 風化変質腐朽してゆく“さび”の語源にその意味が含まれるようにこれを日本的風土文化の美意識は評価した。時間美としてのAgingは西洋庭園意匠に人工の廃墟が用いられたように造園の本質的要素でもある。

著者

小關 光尚

出版者

近畿産科婦人科学会

雑誌

産婦人科の進歩 (ISSN:03708446)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.1-4, 1950-01-01 (Released:2011-10-11)

著者

Shigeki MATSUURA

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

土木史研究 (ISSN:09167293)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.669-676, 1996-06-05 (Released:2010-06-15)

参考文献数

4

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工部省の高官・大鳥圭介が1882 (明治15) 年、アメリカの技術書「堰堤築新按」を翻訳して出版した。290ページからなる大著で、図・絵がふんだんに盛りこまれ、分かりやすく書かれている、大鳥の翻訳の意図は、それほど知識はないが実際に現場で工事を行う農民や村職人でも分かる技術書の出版であった。工部省は、政府の官営事業を直轄し、殖産興業政策を行ってわが国産業の近代化を推進する機関であり、そのために外国人を招聘し、欧米に留学生を派遣し、大学校を立して専門家の育成を図っていた。この機関の高官が、専門家ではない一般技能者の技術向上を目的として、このような書物を翻訳していたのである。ここに近代化を目指す明治新政府の懐の深さを強く感じさせる

著者

岡田 篤正 安藤 雅孝 佃 為成

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.2, pp.81-97, 1987-04-25 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

6 2

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Four trenches (Trenches A-D) were explored across the Yasutomi fault (a strand of the Yamasaki fault system) to date recent past faultings. Trench A was 3 m deep and 28 m long across the fault (Upper in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), and the additional excavation was made down to 5 m deep (Fig. 5) from the western wall of trench A. The sizes of other tenches are similar to that of trench A. Since this site was being developed after this trenching for the building lot of a factory, many pieces of important geological evidence were gradually exposed with progress of the construction. This enabled us to make a further detailed geological and geomorphological study of the Yasutomi fault. The results are summarized as follows : 1) Yasutomi fault, which has been considered to be predominantly left-slip active one estimated from tectonic morphologies, was geologically confirmed that this had dislocated with predominantly lateral-slip component at least since a few tens of thousand years.2) Widely sheared zones appeared along the north side of the active trace do not accompany any tectonic features. Therefore, this straightly trending depressional zone is to be recognized as a fault-line valley. A new fault was originated along the southern rim of pre-existed weak zone probably since the late Quaternary.3) The valley-filling deposits are disturbed at the lower part of the trench but not at the upper part this suggests that the fault has not moved since the deposition of the upper horizon although small earthquakes have been reported to occur frequently around the fault. Sense and amount of vertical offset, drugged structure and other fault features vary laterally along this, as common in high angle strike-slip fault.4) The latest displacement occurred between late 7 th and 12 th Centuries, probably associated with the 868 Harima Earthquake (M=7.1). Two more faultings were also inferred from C-14 dates of disturbed and undisturbed strata within a deformed zone of the fault, although they are less reliable. The recurrence interval of earthquakes as large as the 868 event is estimated to be at least 1000 or possibly a few thousand years along this strand of the Yamasaki fault system.

著者

沼田 宗純 原 綾香 目黒 公郎

出版者

東京大学生産技術研究所

雑誌

生産研究 (ISSN:0037105X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.4, pp.359-363, 2013-07-01 (Released:2013-12-24)

参考文献数

4

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東日本大震災のような広域的な災害ほど,被害の全容を掴むことは容易ではないため,テレビ報道で取り上げられた市町村には積極的な支援が届き,逆に,報道されない市町村に対しては支援が不十分となる等,テレビ報道の有無が災害対応に影響を及ぼすことがある.そこで本研究では,報道された市町村と支援の関係を明らかにするために,報道と義援金の関係,報道とボランティアの関係を分析した.その結果,被害量とボランティア数や義援金総額は必ずしも比例関係にあるわけではなく,被害が大きいにも関わらず,ボランティア数や義援金総額が少数・小額の市町村が多く存在することがわかった.また同規模の被害量であっても,市町村によってボランティア数や義援金総額は大きな偏りが生じている.これは,特定の市町村に報道が集中していることが原因と考えられる.

著者

松井 聖 北野 将康 西岡 亜紀 関口 昌弘 東 直人 佐野 統

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.3-4, pp.435, 2010-04-10 (Released:2017-02-10)

著者

五月女 正三

出版者

公益社団法人 化学工学会

雑誌

化学工学 (ISSN:03759253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.9, pp.909-914, 1973-09-05 (Released:2010-10-07)