著者

中西 弘樹

出版者

日本植物分類学会

雑誌

植物地理・分類研究 (ISSN:03886212)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.53-58, 2019 (Released:2019-11-01)

著者

小金 芳弘

出版者

東京大学生産技術研究所

雑誌

生産研究 (ISSN:0037105X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.2, pp.247-249, 2013-03-01 (Released:2013-06-19)

著者

髙田 大輔 松田 ひとみ

出版者

一般社団法人 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会

雑誌

日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌 (ISSN:21852928)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.5-10, 2013 (Released:2013-05-02)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

5 4

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要 旨目的 : 楽しい会話と音読による情動反応に着目し, 自律神経系に与える影響を比較検討し, 高齢者に対する会話交流の価値とケアとしての有用性を見出すことを目的とした. 方法 : 65歳以上の高齢者12人を対象とし, (1) 楽しい会話, (2) 音読, (3) 黙読の3つの課題を用いた. 各課題の単独の作用を導き出すために, 1日1課題を実施した. 1つの課題の所要時間として, 実施前の安静を10分, 課題5分, 実施後の安静5分の計20分間とした. 心拍変動パワースペクトル解析を用いて自律神経系の変化を調べた. 結果 : 5分間の「楽しい会話」は, 自律神経系への強い刺激となり, 実施中には交感神経の活動が増加し, 実施後に減少するという先行研究の「笑い」と同様の変化がみられた. この過程において, 実施後には相反して副交感神経の活動が有意に増加し, 「音読」とは異なる影響がみられた. この副交感神経の変化は対象者の心の充足感やリラクゼーションの効果の影響であることが考えられた. 結論 : 「楽しい会話」の導入は「音読」と比較し, 短時間の介入でも自律神経系の働きを活性化し, 終了後に心の充足感やリラックス感が得られるとともに副交感神経の活動が増加する効果が明らかとなった. この短時間の介入によりもたらされる情動の変化は, 臨床の現場でも用いることができると考えられ, 「楽しい会話」はケアとして導入可能であることが示唆された.

著者

森島 久代

出版者

公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団

雑誌

学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.3, pp.65-66, 1999-03-01 (Released:2009-12-21)

著者

武田 祐佳

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.87-102, 2000-10-31 (Released:2016-11-02)

著者

大槻 勝紀

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.9, pp.576-581, 1999-09-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

参考文献数

16

著者

Kazunari Kondo Chie Taguchi

出版者

Food Safety Commission, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan

雑誌

Food Safety (ISSN:21878404)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.4, pp.113-128, 2022 (Released:2022-12-23)

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

8

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The food supply system is facing important challenges and its sustainability has to be considered. Genome-editing technology, which accelerates the development of new variety, could be used to achieve sustainable development goals, thereby protecting the environment and ensuring the stable production of food for an increasing global population. The most widely used genome-editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9, is easy to use, affordable, and versatile. Foods produced by genome-editing technologies have been developed worldwide to create novel traits. In the first half of the review, the latest scientific findings on genome-editing technologies are summarized, and the technical challenge in genome sequence analysis are clarified. CRISPR/Cas9 has versatile alternative techniques, such as base editor and prime editor. Genome sequencing technology has developed rapidly in recent years. However, it is still difficult to detect large deletions and structural variations. Long-read sequencing technology would solve this challenge. In the second part, regulatory framework and approach for genome-edited foods is introduced. The four government ministries, including the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW), started to discuss how the regulation should be implemented in 2019. The SDN-1 technique is excluded from the current genetically modified organism (GMO) regulation. The Japanese regulatory framework includes pre-submission consultation and submission of notification form. In the last part of this review, transparency of regulatory framework and consumer confidence were described. Since maintaining consumer trust is vital, transparency of regulatory framework is a key to consumers. The information of notification process on approved genome-edited foods is made public immediately. This review will help regulators build regulatory frameworks, and lead to harmonization of the framework between the countries.

著者

曽我 麻里恵 勝良 剛詞 小林 太一 髙村 真貴 黒川 亮 新美 奏恵 田中 恵子 石山 茉佑佳 林 孝文

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本歯科放射線学会

雑誌

歯科放射線 (ISSN:03899705)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.41-46, 2022 (Released:2022-04-06)

参考文献数

14

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Background and Purpose: Dental caries that arise after radiotherapy (radiation caries) can lead to reduced masticatory function caused by tooth loss and osteoradionecrosis caused by dental infections. There are two main opinions regarding the mechanism underlying radiation caries: 1) tooth fragility caused by the direct effects of radiation and 2) a reduction in the physiological effects of saliva due to hyposalivation and a worsening of oral status. However, it has not been clarified which of these mechanisms is the main cause of radiation caries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for radiation caries in patients who had received head and neck radiotherapy. Material and Methods: Forty patients who had received head and neck radiotherapy were enrolled. We retrospectively investigated the relationships between radiation caries and clinical parameters, such as the treated site, irradiation field, radiation dose, and oral status, for 3 years after the completion of radiotherapy. Results: The incidence rate of radiation caries was 85%. Twenty-two percent and 78% of radiation caries occurred within and outside the irradiation field, respectively. The incidence rate of radiation caries among teeth within and outside the radiation field was 41.7% and 57.7%, respectively. The occurrence of radiation caries showed a moderate positive correlation with plaque control records. On the other hand, it was not correlated with the total radiation dose, the mean radiation dose delivered to the parotid gland, or the amount of saliva. Discussion: Our results suggested that radiation caries occur both within and outside the radiation field. It is considered that the risk of radiation caries is affected more by oral status, such as poor oral hygiene, than structural changes in teeth caused by radiation. Therefore, it is important to maintain a good oral status after head and neck radiotherapy to prevent radiation caries.

著者

百々 幸雄 川久保 善智 澤田 純明 石田 肇

出版者

一般社団法人 日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (Japanese Series) (ISSN:13443992)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.120818, (Released:2012-10-06)

被引用文献数

3 2

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北海道の南西部,中央部,および北東部のアイヌにサハリンアイヌを加えたアイヌ4地域集団を対象にして,日本本土と琉球諸島諸集団の地域差と比較しながら,アイヌの地域差とはいったいどの程度のものであったのかを,頭蓋形態小変異20項目を指標にして評価してみた。地域差の大小関係は,スミスの距離(MMD)を尺度として比較した。北海道アイヌ3集団の地域差の程度は,奄美・沖縄・先島の琉球諸島近世人3集団の地域差よりはやや大きく,東北・関東・九州の日本本土の現代人3集団の地域差とほぼ同程度であった。北海道アイヌのなかでは,道北東部アイヌが道南西部および道中央部のアイヌとやや距離を置く傾向が観察された。サハリンアイヌは北海道アイヌから相当程度遠く離れ,その距離(MMD)の平均値は,北海道アイヌ3地域集団相互の距離の平均値の約4倍にも達した。このような関係は,18項目の頭蓋計測値にもとづいたマハラノビスの距離(D2)でも確かめられた。

著者

Migyeong Kim Jeong Hoon Cho Sang-Boom Ryoo

出版者

公益社団法人 日本気象学会

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023-004, (Released:2023-01-10)

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Forecasts of discrete events, such as precipitation, dust storms, and typhoons, can be deterministic, categorical, or probabilistic. Ensemble-based probabilistic predictions generate more consistent forecasts than individual deterministic models. We introduce and evaluate the Ensemble Prediction System of Asian Dust Aerosol Model 3, which generates probability forecasts of Asian dust. Probability forecasts were produced for 300 μ gm−3 PM10 mass concentrations, according to the air-quality standards of the Ministry of Environment of South Korea and Korea Meteorological Administration. Crisis-level information was produced to categorize the dust risk level for Asia, using a risk matrix. The model's performance was evaluated using a 2 × 2 contingency table, the Brier skill score, and a reliability diagram. For skill score evaluation via the contingency table, the average hit rate and threat score were 0.46 and 0.34 for the best three sites, Jurihe, Erenhot, and Wulatezhongqi. The Brier skill score was positive for approximately 60% of stations, with the highest (0.401) and lowest (−2.038) values in Erenhot and Yanan, respectively. The reliability diagram revealed overestimated Asian dust frequencies for all stations. Although the stations were located within the same regions, their skill scores differed. Regional characteristics of skill scores should be further investigated in the future.

著者

Masaki Satoh Keisuke Hosotani

出版者

公益社団法人 日本気象学会

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19A-001, (Released:2022-12-28)

被引用文献数

1

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A sequence of heavy rainfall events due to quasi-stationary band-shaped precipitation systems, or “senjo-kousuitai”, was observed in the Kyushu region, Japan, from 3 to 8 July 2020. In this study, we investigate two of six indices that have previously been used to determine conditions favorable for senjo-kousuitai, i.e., water vapor flux at the height of 500 m and storm-relative environmental helicity. We examine the relationship between these indices and the occurrence of senjo-kousuitai over the past 20 years using the Japan Meteorological Agency 55-year reanalysis data. We show that the anomaly in wind speeds rather than humidity contributes more to anomalous water vapor flux. The vertical shear of zonal winds and the meridional flow in the lower layer contribute more to the storm-relative environmental helicity. We conducted 20-member ensemble experiments with a 14 km mesh Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM) for the senjo-kousuitai event. We found that the initial variabilities of the water vapor over the area stretching from the East China Sea to the South China Sea and the wind fields over the western periphery of the North Pacific High are sensitive to the water vapor flux over the senjo-kousuitai area in Kyushu.

著者

Kai Cao Xiao Tang Lanning Wang Xueshun Chen Qizhong Wu Lei Kong Miaomiao Lu Huangjian Wu Zifa Wang

出版者

公益社団法人 日本気象学会

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023-003, (Released:2022-12-28)

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From the end of 2019 to the beginning of 2020, Australian bushfires caused by high temperatures and drought significantly impacted the local and global atmosphere. This work uses the global atmospheric chemistry transport model and observations to assess the enormous impact of bushfire emissions on PM2.5 in Australia. During December 2019, the significant increase in biomass-burning emissions led to increases in PM2.5 observations in megacities such as Canberra, Sydney, Newcastle, Brisbane and Melbourne by 845%, 322%, 171%, 141% and 58%, respectively. Numerical simulations reveal that bushfires increased PM2.5 in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere by 49% and 13%, respectively. Although the aerosols produced by bushfires could not cross the equator at ground level and affect the air quality in the Northern Hemisphere, they were transported to South Asian countries such as Malaysia and India, as well as Papua New Guinea and New Zealand. In addition, they were also injected upward into the stratosphere (approximately 15 km height). Aerosols injected into the stratosphere could be transported to Antarctica and South America, thus completing global transport.

著者

Kazuto Takemura Hitoshi Mukougawa

出版者

公益社団法人 日本気象学会

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.1-8, 2023 (Released:2023-01-01)

参考文献数

23

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This study shows a possible mechanism of abnormal extension of North Pacific subtropical high (NPSH) toward western and eastern Japan observed in late June 2022, when Japan experienced an unprecedented heat wave lasting more than a week. During the period, an upper-tropospheric anticyclonic circulation anomaly amplifies to the east of northern Japan associated with the Silk-Road pattern.  A diagnosis using quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity (QGPV) inversion shows that the lower-level anticyclonic circulation anomalies induced by the upper-level anticyclone are the primary factor in the generation of lower-level negative QGPV anomalies from mainland Japan to its south associated with the anomalous extension of the NPSH. The induced circulation causes the lower-level negative QGPV anomalies by upgradient horizontal advection of the climatological QGPV, which has a strong gradient from mainland Japan to its south associated with the Baiu frontal zone. The proposed mechanism well explains a peculiar vertical structure of the observed anticyclone near Japan.  A sensitivity diagnosis considering the sub-seasonal variation of the climatological lower-tropospheric QGPV distribution during summer indicates that the proposed NPSH extension mechanism toward Japan becomes most efficient from late June to early July, when the Baiu frontal zone is most enhanced near Japan.

著者

井上 太郎

出版者

The Japanese Society of Nutrition and Dietetics

雑誌

栄養学雑誌 (ISSN:00215147)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.3-13, 1977-01-25 (Released:2010-10-29)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

著者

Jun Kumanomido Masatsugu Ohe Ryo Shibata Yuichi Hattori Yuta Ishizaki Shogo Ito Yume Nohara Jinya Takahashi Kensuke Hori Aya Obuchi Masanori Ohtsuka Yoshihiro Fukumoto

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.5, pp.755-759, 2021-03-01 (Released:2021-03-01)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1 1

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Keishibukuryogan is a Kampo medicine that induces vasodilation and improves the blood flow velocity in subcutaneous blood vessels. We herein report two cases in which keishibukuryogan completely diminished subcutaneous hematoma after cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker implantation and defibrillator battery replacement within a month. Keishibukuryogan can be a good option for treating or preventing subcutaneous hematoma after surgical procedures for devices.

著者

富田 寿彦 三輪 洋人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, no.1, pp.29-35, 2019-01-10 (Released:2020-01-10)

参考文献数

8

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便秘は,日常診療でごくありふれたcommon diseaseであるが,「慢性便秘症診療ガイドライン2017」(日本消化器病学会関連研究会慢性便秘の診断・治療研究会,2017年)1)発刊前までは国内で統一された診療指針がなかったことから,医師は経験的に診療を行ってきた.同ガイドラインが2017年に初めて発刊され,浸透圧性下剤と上皮機能変容薬が便秘の薬物治療の第一選択薬とされ,膨張性下剤に関する評価は高くない.しかし,膨張性下剤は,耐性がなく,比較的安全且つ長期的に使用可能な薬剤であるため,各種薬剤の特徴を正しく理解し使用することで有用な場合がある.

著者

小仲 健太郎 恩藏 直人

出版者

日本マーケティング学会

雑誌

マーケティングジャーナル (ISSN:03897265)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.3, pp.81-87, 2023-01-10 (Released:2023-01-10)

参考文献数

15

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近年,企業は様々なデータを活用し事業化を行っている。日本気象協会は,過去から巨大な気象データを扱い,気象予報事業や防災事業を展開してきた。最近のデジタル技術の進化を背景として,気象データと売上関連データ,消費者行動データを組み合わせることにより商品需要予測の事業化に成功した。防災事業というコアスペースにとらわれることなく,他業種企業との価値共創に取り組み,商品需要予測サービスのサブスクリプションを立ち上げホワイトスペースでのビジネスモデルの構築を行った。背景に唯一,物理学的手法により未来を予測できる気象予報の技術とそれを実現する気象予報士組織がある。社会課題を解決することを中心にした企業理念と,それに基づく事業展開がコアスペースからの進化を後押ししたと考えられる。

著者

田畑 阿美 荒川 芳輝 梅田 雄嗣 坪山 直生 松島 佳苗 加藤 寿宏

出版者

The Japanese Society of Pediatric Hematology / Oncology

雑誌

日本小児血液・がん学会雑誌 (ISSN:2187011X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.182-188, 2019 (Released:2019-09-10)

参考文献数

20

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小児脳腫瘍は小児がんの中で白血病に次ぐ頻度で発症し,学習や社会経験の構築に重要な小児期に発症するため,治療中や治療後の復学は大きな課題の一つである.認知機能低下や社会不適応などが生じた小児脳腫瘍患者の報告もみられるが,国内における報告は少ない.今回,復学後の小児脳腫瘍患児の認知機能,生活の質(quality of life:以下QOL)および学校生活における適応行動に関して探索的に調査し,作業療法の立場からの支援の可能性を検討した.対象は京都大学医学部附属病院に通院中の復学後の6~16歳の小児脳腫瘍患児10名で,認知機能評価として日本版WISC-IV知能検査,QOL評価としてPediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0日本語版コアスケールおよび,日本語版脳腫瘍モジュール,適応行動評価として旭出式社会適応スキル検査を実施した.合成得点の平均は全検査IQ 92.9±10.3で,認知機能の明らかな低下は認めず,QOLは比較的保たれている患児・家族が多かった.その一方で,40.0~90.0%の患児において認知機能の個人内差を認めた.過半数の患児において適応行動の低下を認め,特に日常生活スキル,対人関係スキルで低下していた.これらの結果から,作業療法による適応行動の改善を目指した支援が有効となることが期待される.さらなる症例集積から適切な支援方法の検討が必要である.

著者

五十嵐 侑 吉川 徹 守田 祐作 今井 鉄平 吉川 悦子 長谷川 航平 金井 信一郎 吉川 惠造 小林 良清 荻久保 裕子 和田 耕治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:13410725)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-019-D, (Released:2022-09-16)

著者

杉野 雅浩 藤堂 浩明 杉林 堅次

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.12, pp.1453-1458, 2009-12-01 (Released:2009-12-01)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

12 14

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Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS), where active drugs must be absorbed into the systemic circulation after penetrating the skin barrier, were first launched in 1979, and about 10 TDDS containing different kinds of drugs were developed during the initial decade. Interestingly, a developmental rush has come again in the present century. Various penetration-enhancing approaches to improve drug permeation of the skin (stratum corneum) have been attempted. These approaches are of two types: chemical and physical. Examples of the chemical approach are enhancers such as alcohol, monoterpenes and fatty acid esters, as well as chemical modification of prodrugs. In contrast, physical approaches include the use of electrical-, thermal- and mechanical-energy, as well as microneedles, needle-free injectors or electroporation to completely or partially evade the barrier function in the stratum corneum. The chemical approaches are mainly effective in increasing the skin permeation of low-molecular chemicals, whereas physical means are effective for these chemicals but also high-molecules like peptides, proteins and nucleotides (DNA or RNA). Marked development has been observed in these physical means in the past decade. In addition, recent developments in tissue engineering technologies enables the use of cultured skin containing keratinocytes and fibroblasts as a TDDS. An effective “cell delivery system” may be a reality in the near future. This paper will look back on the 30-year history of TDDS and evaluate the feasibility of a new generation of these systems.