著者

熟 美保子

出版者

大阪経済大学日本経済史研究所

雑誌

経済史研究 (ISSN:1344803X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.167-173, 2011-01-20 (Released:2018-10-01)

著者

川上 浩司

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.69-78, 2021-06-30 (Released:2021-07-02)

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The health, clinic, and education information evaluation institute (HCEI) develop databases derived from nerborn to school age health check-ups under the contract with local governments in Japan, and epidemiological analyses are provided to both individuals and local governments. The anonymized database is maintained for the secondary epidemiology research by researchers. On the other hand, HCEI aldo develops anonymized clinical database (RWD-DB) derived from electric medical record of hosipitals in Japan. Eplidemiological analyses utilizing RWD-DB is provided to hosipitals for the purpose of improvement of clinical outcomes and safety. These initiatives are important not only for the research basis but also for the health policy and helath-related industry.

著者

稲垣 怜史

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学会

雑誌

化学と教育 (ISSN:03862151)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.64-67, 2018-02-20 (Released:2019-02-01)

参考文献数

7

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石油資源に代わる化学品原料を得るための資源として天然ガス・石炭が注目されている。米国シェール革命による天然ガス化学の復興であり,中国の現代的石炭化学の台頭である。ここではシェール革命と現代的石炭化学に関わる学術研究の位置づけや先端技術について紹介する。

著者

Ikuyo Tsutsumi Yusuke Tsutsumi Chikashi Yoshida Takuya Komeno Yuichi Imanaka

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.27-33, 2022-01-05 (Released:2022-01-05)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

5

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Background: The number of new noncommercial clinical studies conducted in Japan declined within the first year of the implementation of the Clinical Trials Act (CTA) on April 1, 2018. This study aimed to examine the impact of the CTA’s enforcement on the number of new noncommercial clinical studies registered in the Japanese Clinical Trial Registry.Methods: An interrupted time-series design was used in the analysis, which was conducted from April 2015 to March 2019. We collected data for studies registered in the Clinical Trial Registry, managed by the University Hospital Medical Information Network.Results: In total, 35,811 studies were registered; of these, 16,455 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The difference in the trend of monthly number of new studies after CTA enforcement decreased significantly by 15.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], −18.7 to −11.3), and the level decreased by 40.8 (95% CI, −68.2 to −13.3) studies from the pre-enforcement to the post-enforcement period. Multigroup analyses indicated that the act exerted a significant effect on the trend of new clinical studies, particularly those with smaller sample sizes, interventional study designs, and nonprofit funding sponsors.Conclusions: The number of Japanese noncommercial clinical studies declined significantly following implementation of the CTA. It is necessary to establish a system to promote clinical studies in Japan while ensuring transparency and safety.

著者

Yuri Ito Seiichiro Yamamoto Kenichi Nakamura

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.2-3, 2022-01-05 (Released:2022-01-05)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

著者

Naoko Hatakeyama Masamitsu Kamada Naoki Kondo

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.4-11, 2022-01-05 (Released:2022-01-05)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

4

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Background: Sedentary behaviors are prevalent among children and can have a detrimental effect on their health. Little is known about the influence of parental time on children’s sedentary behavior. This study examined the association between parental working hours and children’s sedentary time.Methods: Cross-sectional data were drawn from the Japanese Study on Stratification, Health, Income, and Neighborhood (J-SHINE) in 2010 and 2011. Participants were 886 children aged 7–18 years and their parents. The primary outcome was self-reported sedentary time after school that comprised screen time and non-screen time. The main explanatory variable was parental working hours. We used multiple regression analysis adjusting for sociodemographic factors.Results: Children’s mean sedentary time was 222 (standard deviation [SD], 123) min/day; 144 (SD, 108) min/day screen time and 78 (SD, 65) min/day non-screen time. Children whose mothers worked ≥20 hours/week had 28 (95% CI, 9 to 48) min/day longer sedentary time than children of homemakers (240 min/day vs 214 min/day). The longer maternal working hours, the longer sedentary time (P for trend <0.01). In contrast, children whose fathers worked ≥48 hours/week had 82 (95% CI, −156 to −7) min/day shorter sedentary time than children of non-working fathers (179 min/day vs 264 min/day). When limited to children whose fathers worked, there was no statistically significant association between children’s sedentary time and paternal working hours.Conclusions: Children with mothers who work long hours or fathers not working tend to sit more. Supplementing the shortages in resources for childcare may be necessary among those families.

著者

Wei-Shan Chin Shih-Cheng Liao Shin-Chun Pan Yue-Liang Leon Guo

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.12-20, 2022-01-05 (Released:2022-01-05)

参考文献数

51

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Background: The long-term effects of occupational injury (OI) on psychiatric diseases are unclear. This study assessed and compared the effects of OI, no injury (control), and non-OI (NOI) on the development of psychiatric diseases.Methods: We used Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database to investigate the incidence of psychiatric disorders in OI, NOI, and control groups. The subjects were aged 20–50 years, actively employed in 2000, and did not have history of injury or psychiatric disorders. All subjects were followed from 2000 and were classified into OI, NOI, and control groups according to occurrence of target injury later on. Individuals in each group were matched by age, sex, insurance premium before the index date, and year of the index date. Psychiatric disease-free days were compared among the groups using survival analysis and Cox regression.Results: We included a total of 12,528 patients for final analysis, with 4,176 in each group. Compared with the control group, the OI group had an increased occurrence of trauma and stress-related disorder, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and alcohol and other substance dependence. These increases were similar to those in the NOI group. Elevated cumulative incidence rate of any psychiatric disorders was observed among those with OI or NOI up to 10 years after injury.Conclusion: We confirmed that OI and NOI induced psychiatric disorders. These findings highlight the need for workers’ compensation mechanisms to consider long-term psychological care among injured workers.

著者

Akira Takagi Satoko Ohfuji Takashi Nakano Hideaki Kumihashi Munehide Kano Toshihiro Tanaka

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.21-26, 2022-01-05 (Released:2022-01-05)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

3 9

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Background: Mumps deafness causes serious problems, and incidence data are needed to identify its disease burden. However, such data are limited, and the reported incidence is highly variable. Nationwide studies in Japan with a large age range are lacking.Methods: This was a retrospective observational investigation of the 2005–2017 mumps burden using employment-based health insurance claims data. Data were analyzed for 5,190,326 people aged 0–64 years to estimate the incidence of mumps deafness.Results: Of 68,112 patients with mumps (36,423 males; 31,689 females), 102 (48 males; 54 females) developed mumps deafness—an incidence of 15.0 per 10,000 patients (1 in 668 patients). Fifty-four (52.9%) patients had mumps deafness in childhood (0–15 years), and 48 (47.1%) had mumps deafness in adolescence and adulthood (16–64 years); most cases occurred in childhood, the peak period for mumps onset. The incidence of mumps deafness per 10,000 patients was 73.6 in adolescence and adulthood, 8.4 times higher than the incidence of 8.8 in childhood (P < 0.001). In childhood, the incidence of mumps deafness was 7.2 times higher among 6–15-year-olds (13.8; 95% CI, 10.2–18.2) than among 0–5-year-olds (1.9; 95% CI, 0.6–4.5), and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). No sex difference was observed.Conclusions: The incidence of mumps deafness per 10,000 patients aged 0–64 years was 15.0 (1 in 668 patients). A secondary risk of deafness following mumps virus infection was identified not only for children, but also for adolescents and adults.

著者

松尾 眞砂子

出版者

公益財団法人 日本醸造協会

雑誌

日本醸造協会誌 (ISSN:09147314)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.6, pp.426-431, 2008-06-15 (Released:2011-09-20)

参考文献数

24

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かねて, 著者には, あらかじめオンチョム菌で発酵させた大豆とおからを利用した低塩米味噌の特性について詳細に解説して頂いた (本誌第99巻第科号) が, 今回は, 市販の代表的な味噌について, 調理温度や併用する香辛料が, 特に, 老化防止, 発癌予防効果を有する抗酸化作用, ラジカル消去力 (活性酸素捕捉力) など味噌の機能性に対する影響を検討された結果について詳しく解説頂いた。

著者

Namiko IKEDA Daiki KATO Masaya TSUBOI Ryohei YOSHITAKE Shotaro ETO Sho YOSHIMOTO Masahiro SHINADA Satoshi KAMOTO Yuko HASHIMOTO Yousuke TAKAHASHI James CHAMBERS Kazuyuki UCHIDA Ryohei NISHIMURA Takayuki NAKAGAWA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.12, pp.1885-1890, 2021 (Released:2021-12-02)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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Cancer immunotherapy is a novel cancer treatment for canine tumors. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is overexpressed in some human tumors and inhibits antitumor immunity. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated expression pattern of IDO1 and the nature of IDO1-expressing cells in canine normal and tumor tissues. In normal tissue samples, IDO1 expression was detected only in the lymph nodes, spleen, tonsil tissues, and colon tissues. In contrast, IDO1-positive tumor cells were observed in several tumor tissue types. This is the first study to evaluate IDO1 expression in canine normal and tumor tissues, and the results suggest that IDO1 is a promising target for novel cancer immunotherapy in dogs with tumors.

著者

大野 正彦 関 比呂伸 花岡 暭

出版者

都市有害生物管理学会

雑誌

都市有害生物管理 (ISSN:21861498)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.7-13, 2015 (Released:2020-02-22)

参考文献数

12

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カベアナタカラダニは,東京において春から初夏にかけて家屋の壁面,庭,建物屋上を這い回り,住民に不快感を生じさせる.このダニの効果的な防除方法を知るため,建物屋上と地上において産卵場所を調べた.屋上では防護壁と床面の間から多数の卵を採集した.また,地上でもコンクリート壁の割れ目から多くの卵を採集した.壁の割れ目の内部に塊状に産みつけられた卵がみられた.壁に生じた間隙や割れ目が主要な産卵場所と思われた.

著者

Shinji C. Nagasaki Tomonori D. Fukuda Mayumi Yamada Yusuke III Suzuki Ryo Kakutani Adam T. Guy Itaru Imayoshi

出版者

Japan Society for Cell Biology

雑誌

Cell Structure and Function (ISSN:03867196)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.22074, (Released:2022-12-16)

被引用文献数

1

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The Gal4/UAS system is a versatile tool to manipulate exogenous gene expression of cells spatially and temporally in many model organisms. Many variations of light-controllable Gal4/UAS system are now available, following the development of photo-activatable (PA) molecular switches and integration of these tools. However, many PA-Gal4 transcription factors have undesired background transcription activities even in dark conditions, and this severely attenuates reliable light-controlled gene expression. Therefore, it is important to develop reliable PA-Gal4 transcription factors with robust light-induced gene expression and limited background activity. By optimization of synthetic PA-Gal4 transcription factors, we have validated configurations of Gal4 DNA biding domain, transcription activation domain and blue light-dependent dimer formation molecule Vivid (VVD), and applied types of transcription activation domains to develop a new PA-Gal4 transcription factor we have named eGAV (enhanced Gal4-VVD transcription factor). Background activity of eGAV in dark conditions was significantly lower than that of hGAVPO, a commonly used PA-Gal4 transcription factor, and maximum light-induced gene expression levels were also improved. Light-controlled gene expression was verified in cultured HEK293T cells with plasmid-transient transfections, and in mouse EpH4 cells with lentivirus vector-mediated transduction. Furthermore, light-controlled eGAV-mediated transcription was confirmed in transfected neural stem cells and progenitors in developing and adult mouse brain and chick spinal cord, and in adult mouse hepatocytes, demonstrating that eGAV can be applied to a wide range of experimental systems and model organisms.Key words: optogenetics, Gal4/UAS system, transcription, gene expression, Vivid

著者

井上 真衣 山口 崇之 鈴木 翔太郎 大山 拓人 川上 善久 髙木 誠司 大慈弥 裕之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本創傷外科学会

雑誌

創傷 (ISSN:1884880X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.37-41, 2018 (Released:2018-01-06)

参考文献数

9

著者

岩崎 拓 青柳 正人 百々 康行 石井 実

出版者

日本応用動物昆虫学会

雑誌

日本応用動物昆虫学会誌 (ISSN:00214914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.147-151, 1994-08-25 (Released:2009-02-12)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

2 3

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オオカマキリとチョウセンカマキリの卵嚢からのカマキリタマゴカツオブシムシ越冬世代成虫の脱出パターンおよび成虫の寿命と産卵数を準自然条件下において調べた。越冬世代成虫の脱出は,5月と6月に見られたが,両種の卵嚢において,雌より雄の方が早く脱出し,雌雄とも,脱出はオオカマキリ卵嚢からの方が早かった。脱出後,雌雄のカツオブシムシとも約2か月間生存し,産卵は,5月下旬から8月中旬まで見られ,1雌当りの産卵数は約10個であった。しかし,両種のカマキリが産卵を始める9月まで生存する個体はなかった。7月下旬と9月中旬に採集したハラビロカマキリおよびチョウセンカマキリのふ化後の卵嚢から,それぞれ,このカツオブシムシの幼虫と脱皮殻を付着した羽化直後の成虫が得られた。越冬世代成虫の脱出は6月中に終了するので,これらの個体はいずれも第1世代のものであると考えられた。

著者

山神 彰 山田 武宏 北川 善政 大廣 洋一 佐藤 淳 石黒 信久 今井 俊吾 小林 正紀 井関 健

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.5, pp.254-261, 2019-05-10 (Released:2020-05-10)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 4

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Third-generation oral cephalosporins are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents and constitute one of the most used antibiotic classes in Japan. In the “National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR),” the Japanese government declared implementation of efforts to reduce the use of oral cephalosporins by 50% by 2020, compared to 2013. Antimicrobial resistance generally occurs due to inappropriate use or low-dosage exposure to antibiotic agents. Therefore, the choice of appropriate antibiotics is essential for implementing antimicrobial stewardship. To evaluate the prophylactic effects of antibiotics in impacted mandibular third molar surgery, we compared the rate of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients who were administered cefcapene-pivoxil (CFPN-PI) orally with that in patients who received amoxicillin (AMPC) orally. We conducted a retrospective study by reviewing the medical charts of patients from Hokkaido University Hospital from April 2016 to March 2017. The patients evaluated were classified into two groups: the AMPC group (n = 164) and the CFPN-PI group (n = 129). The SSI ratio of the CFPN-PI group was significantly higher than that of the AMPC group (CFPN-PI group, 11.6% (15/129); AMPC group, 2.4% (4/164); P = 0.002). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that “use of CFPN-PI for prophylactic treatment” and “hospitalization after surgery” were independent factors related to the onset of SSI following impacted mandibular third molar surgery. These results demonstrated that AMPC was more effective than CFPN-PI in the prevention of SSI after impacted mandibular third molar surgery, and its regulated dosage can effectively contribute to the optimal use of antimicrobial prophylactic treatment.

著者

舘内 由枝 島田 隆美子 浦野 洋子 佐藤 エイ子 永塚 智恵 角田 美智子 関根 智子 松坂 利之 樋口 進

出版者

一般社団法人 国立医療学会

雑誌

医療 (ISSN:00211699)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.4, pp.211-215, 2004-04-20 (Released:2011-10-07)

参考文献数

17

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精神疾患患者における, 園芸を用いた作業療法の心理的効果を検討するため, 当院精神科開放病棟入院患者および精神科デイケア通院患者を対象に, 園芸を用いた作業療法前後に感情プロフィール検査(POMS)およびバイタルサイン(血圧, 脈拍)の測定を行った. 一般健康者のPOMS各尺度得点が50点前後を示すのに対し, 患者ではネガティブな感情を表わす5尺度が高く, これらとは負の相関を示す活気の尺度が低いといった谷型のパターンを示した. 園芸を用いた作業療法前後のPOMS得点を疾患別に分類した結果, 統合失調症患者では変化がほとんど見られなかったのに対して, それ以外の患者では, 園芸を用いた作業療法後にネガティブな感情の低下と活気の上昇が見られた. これらの結果から, 1) 精神疾患患者はPOMSにおいて特徴的なパターンを示すこと, 2) 園芸を用いた作業療法は統合失調症以外の患者に短期的な感情・気分の改善傾向をもたらすことなどが示唆された. 今後, より大きな集団での追試と, 繰り返しの介入効果についての検討がなされる必要がある.

著者

平山 英幸 里見 絵理子 木澤 義之 宮崎 万友子 田上 恵太 関根 龍一 鈴木 梢 余谷 暢之 菅野 康二 安保 博文 坂下 明大 佐藤 一樹 中川 左理 中澤 葉宇子 浜野 淳 宮下 光令

出版者

日本緩和医療学会

雑誌

Palliative Care Research (ISSN:18805302)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.171-180, 2022 (Released:2022-12-14)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

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【目的】患者報告型アウトカムを用いて緩和ケアの質をアウトカムの視点から評価するための患者登録システムの実施可能性を検証すること.【方法】電子的データ収集による患者登録システムを2021年に8施設で運用した.1カ月間に緩和ケアチームが新規介入依頼を受けた全入院患者を前向きに登録した.症状評価はIPOSまたはESASを介入時,3日後,介入から1週間ごとに取得した.主要評価項目は患者と医療者による症状評価尺度への回答率である.【結果】318人が登録.患者の回答率は介入時59.1%,介入後37.0%で医療者の回答率は介入時98.4%,介入後70.3%だった.緩和ケアチームからは「患者の回答はサポートが必要で,タブレットよりも紙がよい」,「調査日や全体の管理が負担」などの意見が出た.【考察】実施可能性があると考えられる一方で,システムや運用方法の改善点が明らかになり,実装に向けた貴重な情報が得られた.

著者

小畑 千晴

出版者

徳島文理大学

雑誌

徳島文理大学研究紀要 (ISSN:02869829)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, pp.15-21, 2017-03-09 (Released:2018-04-26)

参考文献数

15

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本研究の目的は,親密関係における暴力(IPV)について,原子価論の立場から検討し,その分類を行うことである。 これまでのIPV研究では,加害者による身体的,精神的,経済的暴力など,行為そのものに焦点があてられてきたが,本稿では,IPVの役割を2種,Active Actor (AA) とPassive Actor (PA) に区別し,AAにおける暴力の意味について検討した。その結果,マイナス闘争は「征服と支配」,マイナスつがいは「知りたい願望の追求」,マイナス依存は「飽くなき依存の要求と孤独回避」,マイナス逃避は「自己への侵入に対する防御」の意味を持つことを提示した。原子価論の立場から,AAの治療を考えると,暴力行為そのものを抑制することが目的ではなく,1種の原子価による執拗な対象との繋がりから,他3種の原子価も使用できる柔軟性のある繋がりへと変化させることが鍵となる。

著者

高岡 祥子 森崎 礼子 藤田 和生

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第72回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2AM113, 2008-09-19 (Released:2018-09-29)

著者

栗原 岳史

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.227, pp.140-148, 2003 (Released:2021-08-12)

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The National Science Foundation (NSF) was established in 1950 after a long debate between Harley M. Kilgore and Vannevar Bush. There is no military research division at the present NSF, but at the time both Bush and Kilgore intended to include it into the NSF. The author maintains that scientists' movement by the Federation of American Scientists (FAS) was the most important factor that the military research division was deleted from the NSF. The FAS insisted that the military should not control the Atomic Energy Commission. The FAS also thought that the military should not control scientific research activities in general. The FAS emphasized that scientific knowledge should be used for peace purposes, and considered the NSF as an alternative of military patronage. The military tried to build scientific research systems in close cooperation with Bush. The FAS criticized strongly both the military and Bush. This idea of the FAS was supported by many scientists. The NSF Bill that met requirements of the military and Bush passed the Congress, but President Truman vetoed it. In the process of amendment of the Bill, the military and Bush reluctantly accepted FAS's requirement to delete military research division from the NSF.