著者

濱田 信夫 宮脇 博巳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.49-60, 1998

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

1

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Far more studies on lichens as bioindicators of air pollution have been done in Europe and North America than in Japan. It is therefore necessary to grasp the background of European scicnce in this field in order to perform these difficult studies. Such studies shoud help to clarify the comprehensive influence of many air pollutants on lichens, and recent changes in the environmental situation. Remarkable studies carried out in Europe over the last 30 years, and recent reports, including those on acid rain, are reviewed. The authors discuss how to actually perform studies of lichens in Japan, based on their investigations in and around Osaka City.

著者

赤松 友成

出版者

一般社団法人日本生物物理学会

雑誌

生物物理 (ISSN:05824052)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.4, pp.147-150, 1998-07

参考文献数

8

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Dolphins have bio-sonar ability called echoiocation. Clicks, echolocation signals, provide various biological information, such as, species, target range and acoustical survey effort of dolphins. Acoustical measurement is anewly developed method to observe underwater behavior of vocalizing animals.

著者

木内 敦詞 荒井 弘和 浦井 良太郎 中村 友浩

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.145-159, 2009-06-30 (Released:2009-11-05)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

3 4

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College students have low levels of physical activity (PA); however, PA enhancement is suggested to serve as a gateway to the improvement of other forms of health behavior. Graduate Ready for Activity Daily (GRAD) by Sallis et al. (1999) is a PA enhancement course for college students immediately before graduation. The program contains the behavior change skills needed to adopt and maintain regular PA. Moreover, there is also a need to consider PA intervention for freshmen, from the same viewpoint as GRAD. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not a behavioral science-based physical education program with homework would have positive effects on the psychological, behavioral, and physiological variables related to the PA of college freshmen. The project was named “First-Year Physical Education” (FYPE).College freshmen from an institute of technology in the Kinki area of Japan participated in this study (N=993; intervention group, N=497; non-intervention group, N=496). The programs that were common to all the classes were as follows (the numbers correspond to the sequence of activities in the program): (1) guidance, (2) health-related physical fitness test, (3)–(6) sports activity, (7) lecture on PA and health, (8)–(12) sports activity, (13) health-related physical fitness test, and (14) summary of the program. The PA enhancement programs were meant only for the intervention group. The programs consisted of education on behavioral change skills (decisional-balance analysis, changing self-talk, relapse prevention, social support, shaping, and so on), and out-of-class practical assignments such as active homework (self-monitoring and goal setting with regard to PA). The duration of the weekly program was 3.5 months. We measured psychological variables (self-efficacy and decisional balance [pros–cons] for exercise), behavioral variables (PA level according to the intensity and frequency of categorized PA), and physiological variables (health-related physical fitness, i.e., cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, muscular endurance, and percentage body fat). These variables were measured both before and after the class term; the intervention and the non-intervention groups were subsequently compared.Two-way ANOVA and post hoc test revealed a significant intervention effect for psychological variables such as self-efficacy and the pros of exercise. With regard to the behavioral variables, a significant intervention effect was observed for both the PA levels of “exercise and sports” and “daily activity” and the frequency of the categorized PA (daily PA, health-related exercise such as aerobic exercise, stretching, and muscular exercise). In the health-related physical fitness test with regard to physiological variables, a significant intervention effect was observed for muscular endurance. These results suggest that this behavioral science-based physical education class with homework has comprehensive positive effects on the psychological, behavioral, and physiological variables related to the PA of college freshmen.

著者

木内 敦詞 荒井 弘和

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.5, pp.677-688, 2006 (Released:2008-01-25)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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It has been clarified that self-efficacy (Bandura, 1977) predicts behavior and plays an important role in improving performance. However, there have been no reports of any practical trials for improving sports performance through the development of self-efficacy. The purpose of this study was to propose concrete application of the concept of self-efficacy to sports coaching, using base-running behavior in baseball as a theme. In Study 1, we examined the reliability (internal consistency and stability) of the Self-Efficacy Scale for Base-Running (SES-BR). In Study 2, we examined whether the intervention of the SES-BR could improve the self-efficacy and the performance of base-running as well as psychological competitive abilities such as “decisiveness,” “predictive ability,” and “judgment.” In Study 1, three coaches from a college baseball team extracted 31 types of base-running behavior that are considered critical in baseball games. In order to examine the reliability of the scale, the self-efficacy scores of the fielders in the team (N =24) were measured twice: once on the first day of the season, and again, one week later. The results indicated Cronbach's a =.94 and a test-retest correlation coefficient r =.81 ( p <.001) for the SES-BR, thus verifying the scale's reliability. In Study 2, the college baseball players received cards on which the SES-BR was printed and were instructed to verify the 31 base-running behavioral items every five days. The results revealed a significant increase in the self-efficacy score during the intervention period ( p <.05). Moreover, the base-run errors—an index for base-running performance—decreased due to the intervention of the SES-BR: 8.30/game before the intervention, 6.77/game (-18%) in the first season, and 4.32/game in the second season (-48%). Furthermore, “decisiveness” and the comprehensive evaluation of psychological competitive ability, as evaluated by DIPCA (Tokunaga, 2001), showed significant improvement during the second intervention season ( p <.05 for both). Therefore, the intervention of the SES-BR, which was developed in this study and confirmed to be highly reliable, was suggested as a possible measure for improving self-efficacy and performance in base-running as well as “decisiveness” and overall psychological competitive ability.

著者

Atsushi Kiuchi Satoshi Shimegi Ippei Tanaka Nobuo Izumo Ryo Fukuyama Hiromichi Nakamuta Masao Koida

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.10-18, 2006 (Released:2008-01-25)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1 3

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different intensities of resistance exercise training on established bone loss in ovariectomized (ovx-ed) rats by densitometry and histomorphometry. Thirty Female Wistar rats were ovx-ed or sham-operated (SHM) at 3 months of age and maintained untreated for 5 months after surgery to establish osteopenia. When they reached 8 months, the ovx-ed rats were divided into four groups in accordance with varying weights applied to a squat-training device: The weight classifications were 1) kept sedentary (OVX); 2) lifted 0 g (LOW); 3) 750 g (MID); and 1500 g (HIGH). The rats in the three training groups performed weight-lifting of 10 reps, performing 2 sets per day, 3 days a week for a ten week period. The Femora and tibiae were removed from each rat and were used for analyses. Ovx induced a significant loss of total BMC in all the bones tested. The ovx-induced femoral BMC loss was observed at all locations tested on the bone (proximal, shaft, and distal), and exercise-intensity dependent restoration was found at the proximal and the distal sites, but not at the shaft. In the tibia, ovx-induced significant bone loss occurred only at the proximal metaphyseal site. The training increased the tibial BMC of all sites in an exercise-intensity dependently, irrespective of the degree of ovx effect. At the tibial shaft, the training increased the cortical bone mass significantly above sham level by the bone apposition at the periosteum. At the proximal tibial metaphysis, exercise had no effect on the cancellous bone volume after ovx-induced bone loss. This finding suggests that the exercise induced bone increase in the ovx-ed rats was from cortical bone, not from cancellous bone, at least in the proximal tibia. These findings indicate that the weight-lifting exercise in rats reversed the ovx-induced bone loss in an exercise-intensity dependent and site-specific manner, even in established osteopenic skeleton 5 mon after ovx.

著者

木内 敦詞 荒井 弘和 浦井 良太郎 中村 友浩

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.329-341, 2008-12-10 (Released:2009-02-25)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

3 2

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a physical education program based on behavioral science, which includes homework (project First-Year Physical Education: FYPE) on the health level and lifestyle of first-year college students. The study participants comprised 1,090 male college freshmen from an institute of technology in the Kinki area of Japan (intervention group, N=515; non-intervention group, N=575). The programs that were common to all the classes were as follows (the numbers correspond to the sequence of activities of the program). 1: guidance, 2–4: sports activity, 5: lecture (health science), 6–8: sports activity, 9: lecture (health science), 10–12: sports activity, and 13: summary of the class. Health behavior promotion programs were intended only for the intervention group. The programs comprised (1) education on behavioral change skills (self-monitoring, goal setting, self-reinforcement, and so on), and (2) out-of-class practical assignments such as physical education homework. We evaluated the health level and life habits of the students by using the Diagnostic Inventory of Health and Life Habit (DIHAL; Tokunaga, 2003) and evaluated their physical activity level using the Physical Activity Assessment Scale (PAAS; Wakui & Suzuki, 1997). As a result, significant intervention effects were observed with regard to the DIHAL scales for “Eating,” “Resting,” and the “Sum of lifestyle,” and with regard to the subscales of “Level of physical health,” “Eating regularly,” “Relaxing,” “Sleeping regularly,” and the “Fulfillment level of sleep.” The PAAS revealed a significant intervention effect with regard to “Daily activity,” which indicates the relatively light physical activities in daily life; however, this was not observed with regard to the DIHAL scale of “Exercise.” These results clearly indicate that physical education programs based on behavioral science and including homework can improve the overall lifestyle (namely, physical activity, eating, and resting) of first-year college students.

著者

木内 敦詞 七五三木 聡 天貝 均 大野 敦也 勝田 茂

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.77-85, 1997-02-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1 1

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本研究は, 閉経後骨粗鬆症の実験モデルとしてOVXラットを用い, OVX後の骨の変化を皮質骨と海綿骨の量的変化および組織学的特徴から検討し, これらが運動負荷によりいかなる影響を受けるかを調べたものである.実験にはWistar系雌性ラットを用い, 偽手術・コントロール群 (Sham-C群) , 偽手術・トレーニング群 (Sham-T群) , 卵巣摘出・コントロール群 (OVX-C群) , 卵巣摘出・トレーニング群 (OVX-T群) の計4群を設けた.卵巣摘出および偽手術は14週齢時に行い, トレーニングは17週齢より10週間のトレッドミル走とした.トレーニング期間終了時に, 脛骨を摘出後, 脱脂乾燥骨重量, 骨塩量を測定し, さらに海綿骨の組織形態計測を行った.得られた結果は以下のとおりである.1.脱脂乾燥骨重量および骨幹部骨塩量において, OVX-C群とSham-C群の有意な差異は認められなかった.しかし体重あたりの骨塩量ではOVX-C群がSham-C群に対し有意な低値を示した.また, 海綿骨の単位骨量ではOVX-C群がSham-C群よりも有意な低値を, LS/BSをはじめとする骨形成パラメータでは逆に有意な高値を示した.2.海綿骨単位骨量および体重あたりの骨塩量は, OVX-T群がOVX-C群に対し有意な高値を示した.骨形成パラメータでは両群に有意な差は認められなかった.3.上記のすべての測定パラメータで, Sham-C群とSham-T群の間に有意な差異は観察されなかった.以上の結果から, 運動は卵巣摘出による骨量の減少に対し抑制的に作用することが示された.また, これは骨形成の促進よりはむしろ骨吸収の抑制に起因する可能性が示唆された.

著者

山辺 高司 永田 正毅 石蔵 文信 安田 聡 木村 晃二 宮武 邦夫

出版者

公益財団法人 日本心臓財団

雑誌

心臓 (ISSN:05864488)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.12-17, 1991-01-15 (Released:2013-05-24)

参考文献数

12

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経皮経静脈的僧帽弁交連裂開術(PTMC)を施行するにあたりバルーン径設定が開大弁口面積,僧帽弁逆流に及ぼす影響について検討した.対象は僧帽弁狭窄症患者46例.旧型28mm仕様の井上バルーンカテーテルを用いてPTMCを施行した.設定バルーン径を<26mm,26mm,26mm<の3群に分けて開大弁口面積,僧帽弁逆流を比較した.設定バルーン径26mmの14例,26mm末満の5例について最大開大時の中央径をシネフィルム上で計測,検討した.また,バルーンの特性を知るため狭窄弁ロモデルとして設定径よりも小さな穴の中で開大し,内圧を測定した.開大弁口面積は,設定バルーン径が小さい場合に小さい傾向にあった.僧帽弁逆流は設定26mm未満の場合は認められなかった.設定バルーン径と実測バルーン径の比をとると,設定26mmでは平均0.94,設定26mm未満では平均O.83と有意な差を認めた.バルーン内圧は中央径の増大に伴い上昇した.バルーン中央部に抵抗がかからない状態では26mm設定と24mm設定の間の内圧の差は0.3kg/cm2程度であったが,抵抗が加わった場合その差は0.9~1.Okg/cm2になった.以上より,バルーン内圧の高い26mm設定の場合,より設定径に近く開大することが判明した.バルーン径を大きくすると僧帽弁逆流の増悪の頻度が増し,小さくすると内圧が下がり十分な開大の効果が得られなかった.目標とするバルーン径で十分な圧が得られるバルーンの開発が望まれる.

著者

杉山 直

雑誌

中京企業研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.37-60, 2008-12-20

著者

松本 光隆

出版者

訓点語学会

雑誌

訓点語と訓点資料 (ISSN:04546652)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.121, pp.10-18, 2008-09

著者

三部 幸治

出版者

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

雑誌

Synthesiology English edition (ISSN:18830978)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.94-104, 2013

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1970年代に本格化した業務用ビデオゲームは、さまざまな画像表示手法が投入され独自の進化をしてきた。「TTLロジック」による手法に始まり、「ビットマップ表示方式」によるスペースインベーダーの大ヒットを経て、業務用ゲーム独自の「スプライト表示技術」は市場を広げ、DSP等の高速演算機能を組み込んだ「リアルタイムポリゴン表示」等、他産業より数年早く新技術を投入活用してきた。そして、これら業務用ゲームの技術は、家庭用ゲーム、携帯電話コンテンツ、通信カラオケ等多くの産業に繋がっている。この論文では、これら業務用ビデオゲームの中心となる画像表示手法の進化とその背景を述べる。

著者

林 久史

出版者

日本女子大学 理学部

雑誌

日本女子大学紀要 理学部

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.1-12, 2016-03-31

著者

瀬渡 賢

出版者

JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY

雑誌

溶接学会誌 (ISSN:00214787)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.7, pp.575-578, 2003

著者

戸田 智 藤岡 達也

出版者

一般社団法人日本科学教育学会

雑誌

日本科学教育学会研究会研究報告

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.6, pp.39-42, 2005-05-14

著者

川勝 正冶 ボーガン カリン C. ミッチェル ロバート W.

出版者

藤女子大学

雑誌

藤女子大学・藤女子短期大学紀要. 第II部 (ISSN:02869470)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.71-78, 1995-12

著者

奈倉門之助 訳

出版者

松岡兄弟印刷所

巻号頁・発行日

1925

著者

雲藤 等

出版者

早稲田大学大学院社会科学研究科

雑誌

社学研論集 (ISSN:13480790)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.139-155, 2012-09-15

著者

菅野 正

出版者

奈良大学

雑誌

奈良大学紀要 (ISSN:03892204)

巻号頁・発行日

no.20, pp.p23-37, 1992-03

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資本主義列国の中国進出の中で展開された辛亥革命に対し、日本が如何に対応したかを、福建に限って検討する。進出を計る日本は、義和団事変時の「厦門占領事件」の再現かと猜疑の目で見られ、殆ど動きがとれなかったのに対し、米国は、動乱の際の支援、都督府成立後の府内での「親米派」の形成、米国借款の成立と、その地歩を固めた。そして、不割譲宣言以来、日本の勢力範囲である筈の福建での実績を確固たるものにせんとしたのが、二十一ケ条要求中の、福建条項であった。

著者

Akio KITOH Tomoaki OSE Izuru TAKAYABU

出版者

(公社)日本気象学会

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94A, pp.1-16, 2016 (Released:2016-02-11)

参考文献数

109

被引用文献数

3 32

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High-resolution downscaling is vital to project climate extremes and their future changes by resolving fine topography reasonably well, which is a key to represent local climatology and impacts of weather extremes. A direct dynamical downscaling with a regional climate model (RCM) embedded within an atmosphere-ocean coupled general circulation model (AOGCM) is commonly used but is subject to systematic biases in their present-day simulations of AOGCM, which may cause unexpected effects on future projections and lead to difficult interpretation of climate change. In a high-resolution atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM)-RCM system, the present-day climate in AGCM is forced by observed sea surface temperature (SST) and sea-ice distribution. Then, the future climate is calculated with the “future” boundary conditions (SST and sea-ice), which are created by adding their future changes projected by AOGCM to the observed present-day values, besides the future radiative forcing. This system is one of methods to minimize the effects of such biases. A Meteorological Research Institute AGCM with 20-km grids is successfully applied to project future changes in weather extremes such as tropical cyclones and rain systems that cause heavy rainfall and strong winds. Regional downscaling with 5-km mesh RCM is then performed over certain area to investigate local extreme rainfall events and their future changes. In this paper, we review various downscaling methods and try to rationalize a use of high-resolution AGCM-RCM system.

著者

蔡大維

雑誌

第76回全国大会講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2014, no.1, pp.425-427, 2014-03-11

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龍泉洞を代表とする鍾乳洞のような地下観光施設では、狭くて、暗い環境で、安全性を重視する観光案内サービスが重要である。操作せずに自動的に案内する形態が望まれ、携帯電話など通常の携帯情報端末の利用が困難である。洞窟の特殊環境で、WiFiや携帯通信網など既存の通信環境の提供は大掛かりな工事が必要となるばかりではなく、維持コストなども勘案する必要がある。本研究は、鍾乳洞のような地下観光施設で自動観光案内サービスを提供するシステムを提案した。自動案内を実現するために、超低消費電力の無線タグと超軽量携帯情報端末を開発した。コンテンツ管理と観光客行動集計の管理システムも開発し、観光動向を正確に把握することを実現した。