著者

長谷 千代子

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2011-04-28

---

現在中国では、宗教的な活動や慣習の意味が問い直されている。本研究では、主に中国における宗教についてのとらえ方の現代的変化を、聖性の在り方そのものと聖性が現れる「場所」や「もの」の在り方の具体的な変化をとおして明らかにしようとした。その結果分かったのは、政治的には宗教活動場所を特定の場所に限定しようとする力が働く一方で、そうした場所での活動に飽き足らなくなった人々が新たな活動場所を作ったり、世俗的な生活そのものを宗教的な修業の場として読み替えたりして、伝統的なものとは異なる聖なる場所を創造していることだった。

著者

杉原 数美 太田 茂 北村 繁幸 西嶋 渉

出版者

広島国際大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2008

---

本研究では、先ず近年環境汚染が懸念されはじめた医薬品の日本の河川における汚染実態を調査し、生活雑排水や簡易浄化槽処理水が流入する二級河川で一級河川より高濃度で検出されることを明らかとした。さらに、医薬品は環境中での動態が調査されておらず、環境中における代謝分解などの受けやすさ、代謝分解物の毒性変動などは不明である。本研究では、化学物質の分解代謝にかかわる環境因子として紫外線による医薬品分解とその生物毒性変動を調査し、毒性が発現する医薬品があることを明らかにした。

著者

遠藤 愛

出版者

筑波学院大学

雑誌

若手研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2007

---

本研究の結果から,国内トップレベルのジュニア選手、国内,および世界トップレベルのプロ選手らは,フォアハンドにおいて,平均70%以上の割台でオープンスタンスを使用していることが明らかになった.また,後ろ脚に体重をため,その脚を軸として体幹を捻る動作を取り入れたオープンスタンスを習得することによって,パフォーマンス(ショットの正確性,ボールスピード)の向上に寄与する可能性が示された.

著者

宮本 又郎

出版者

大阪経済大学

雑誌

經濟史研究 (ISSN:1344803X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.23-48, 2014-01-31

著者

坂野 登

出版者

日本教育心理学会

雑誌

日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集

巻号頁・発行日

no.31, 1989-06-30

著者

坂野 登

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

京都大学教育学部紀要 (ISSN:04547764)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, pp.115-134, 1989

被引用文献数

1

著者

森 政弘

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム学会誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.1-3, 1982

著者

森 政弘

出版者

一般社団法人日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学會誌 (ISSN:00214728)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.699, pp.119-124, 1977-02-05

著者

伊藤 美千穂

出版者

京都大学

巻号頁・発行日

1999-07-23

---

新制・論文博士

著者

山本 多喜司

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.217-219, 2014-06

著者

新国 佳祐 邑本 俊亮

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.210-216, 2014

---

This study explored the effects of a comma on the processing of structurally ambiguous Japanese sentences with a semantic bias. A previous study has shown that a comma which is incompatible with an ambiguous sentence's semantic bias affects the processing of the sentence, but the effects of a comma that is compatible with the bias are unclear. In the present study, we examined the role of a comma compatible with the sentence's semantic bias using the self-paced reading method, which enabled us to determine the reading times for the region of the sentence where readers would be expected to solve the ambiguity using semantic information (the "target region"). The results show that a comma significantly increases the reading time of the punctuated word but decreases the reading time in the target region. We concluded that even if the semantic information provided might be sufficient for disambiguation, the insertion of a comma would affect the processing cost of the ambiguity, indicating that readers use both the comma and semantic information in parallel for sentence processing.

著者

小林 敬一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.203-209, 2014

---

This study examined the effect of reading tasks on the integration of content and source information from multiple texts. Undergraduate students (<i>N</i> = 102) read five newspaper articles about a fictitious incident in either a summarization task condition or an evaluation task condition. Then, they performed an integration test and a source choice test, which assessed their understanding of a situation described in the texts and memory for the sources of text information. The results indicated that the summarization and evaluation task groups were not significantly different in situational understanding. However, the summarization task group significantly surpassed the evaluation task group for source memory. No significant correlation between the situational understanding and the source memory was found for the summarization group, whereas a significant positive correlation was found for the evaluation group. The results are discussed in terms of the documents model framework.

著者

浅井 継悟

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.196-202, 2014

被引用文献数

2

---

The Over-Adaptation Tendency Scale is designed to assess internal (self-inhibitive personality traits) and external (other-directed behavioral adaptation strategies) characteristics of over adaptation. The relationships among over-adaptation, subjective well-being, and family relationships were investigated using this scale. The scale was administered to undergraduate and graduate students (<i>N</i> = 408). The results indicated that for both men and women, all internal aspects of over-adaptation were significantly and negatively associated with the participant's cognition of past, present, and future subjective well-being. Furthermore, for women, all external aspects of over-adaptation were significantly and positively associated with future subjective well-being and family cohesion was associated with both internal and external aspects. These results are discussed in relation to the characteristics of over-adaptation.

著者

福川 康之 小田 亮 宇佐美 尋子 川人 潤子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.188-195, 2014

被引用文献数

31

---

This study developed a Japanese version of the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease (PVD) scale. Analysis of the data from Japanese university students (<i>N</i> = 435) replicated the two–factor structure of the original scale: one factor that assessed beliefs about one's own susceptibility to infectious diseases (perceived infectability) and the other factor that assessed emotional discomfort in contexts that connoted an especially high potential for pathogen transmission (germ aversion). Tests of reliability and validity for each subscale indicated overall promising results. It would appear that the results reflect at least in part an evolutionary adaptive psychological mechanism for the ancestral environment.

著者

德吉 陽河 岩崎 祥一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.178-187, 2014

被引用文献数

7

---

We conducted two studies to develop a Japanese version of the Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II (PGIS-II), and examined its reliability and validity. PGIS-II was developed as a multidimensional measure of the multiple processes of the Personal Growth Initiative (PGI). The PGI describes an active, intentional engagement in the process of personal growth for self-improvement of life experiences. Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 204) reports the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the Japanese version of the PGIS-II. The CFA confirmed that 4-factor model showed acceptable fit indices, with reliability coefficients ranging from .67 to .84. Concurrent validity of the PGIS-II was indicated by the correlation with happiness, the positive score for automatic thoughts. Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 101) reports the concurrent validity of the PGIS-II using scales for locus of control, self-esteem and coping. Results suggested significant correlations between scores on the PGIS-II and locus of control, self-esteem and some coping subscales. The overall results suggest that the Japanese version of the PGIS-II has satisfactory statistical reliability and validity.

著者

中田 英利子 森田 泰介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.168-177, 2014

被引用文献数

1

---

This study developed a valid and reliable questionnaire measuring individual differences in reality-monitoring error experiences in everyday life. A 50-item preliminary questionnaire was constructed on the basis of the findings from a pilot diary study. In study 1, we administered the questionnaire to 316 undergraduates, along with a dissociative experience scale to examine criterion-referenced validity. Using factor analysis, we obtained the 32-item Reality-Monitoring Error Experience Questionnaire (RMEEQ). A significant positive correlation was found between scores on the RMEEQ and the dissociative experience scale, thereby which indicates the RMEEQ's criterion-referenced validity. In Study 2, we examined the test-retest reliability of the RMEEQ by administering it to 66 undergraduates on two occasions separated by three weeks. We found a significant test-retest correlation. Taken together, these results show that the RMEEQ is a valid and reliable measure of reality-monitoring error experiences in everyday life.

著者

武藤 世良

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.157-167, 2014

被引用文献数

7

---

This study examined the semantic organization of "sonkei" (a feeling of respect) and respect-related emotion words such as "awe" and "admiration" in Japanese university students. Native Japanese university students rated the semantic similarity of 153 pairs of 18 respect-related words having been collected from synonym dictionaries. Hierarchical cluster analysis of similarity ratings revealed two main distinctions at the highest level of abstraction: "person-focus respect, emotional attitude" (sustained respect for a particular person considered to be superior) and "action-focus respect, emotional state" (temporal respect for a praiseworthy action). The former included three basic categories: (a) respect mingled with mild love; (b) idolatry (worship and adoration); and (c) respect mingled with fear (awe). The latter included two basic categories: (d) admiration and (e) respect mingled with surprise (wonder). The word "sonkei" was included in category (a). Also, multidimensional scaling revealed three dimensions of respect-related words: focus, valence, and self-oblivion. These findings suggest that for Japanese university students, respect is typically a kind of emotional attitude, but they sometimes experience respect as an emotional state ("state respect").

著者

中谷内 一也 工藤 大介 尾崎 拓

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.139-147, 2014

被引用文献数

7

---

This study investigated the levels of public trust in organizations associated with the Great East Japan Earthquake. In Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 639), the levels of trust in eight organizations as well as the determinants of trust–perceived salient value similarity (SVS), ability, and motivation– were measured twice, first immediately after the earthquake and then a year later. The results indicated that the trust levels for six of the eight organizations had been preserved, supporting the double asymmetric effect of trust. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that SVS explained trust more when the organization had been less trusted. Trust in the organization explains well the perceived reduction of the target risk. The results of SEM in Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 1,030) replicated those of Study 1, suggesting the stability of the explanatory power of the determinants of trust. Implications of the study for risk management practices are discussed.

著者

吉田 甫 孫 琴 土田 宣明 大川 一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.130-138, 2014

被引用文献数

1

---

The present study examined influences of reading aloud and performing simple calculation on the cognitive functioning of healthy elderly adults, based on the findings that these tasks activated the prefrontal lobe. The elderly adults' memory and inhibitory functions were assesed by Short-Term memory, CST, Stroop, and SRC tasks, before and after intervention for 18 months. The study found that the learning group had significant improvement from the pre- to the post-test for the short-term memory, STM, CST, and Stroop tasks. On the other hand, there was significant decline over the 18 months in the control group which was given only the assessment tasks. These results are discussed in terms of the effectiveness of cognitive training.

著者

植村 友里 松本 良恵 神 信人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.111-120, 2014

---

Why do people behave altruistically toward others, even in situations where nobody would observe their behavior? We formulated the following hypothesis regarding this question: "Reputations are decided by behaviors in situations that nobody can observe, rather than by behaviors in situations that can be observed by others." The validity of this hypothesis was examined through a Prisoner's Dilemma experiment. In the first stage, participants played the Prisoner's Dilemma game in a situation where nobody could observe them. In the second stage, participants selected another partner in the game, based on information about their behavior in the first stage. The results indicated that participants tended to choose people that behaved altruistically in situations where nobody could observe them. Furthermore, this tendency was stronger with cooperative participants. These results support the hypothesis of this study.