著者
倉橋 孝夫 持田 圭介 小畠 正至
出版者
園芸学会
雑誌
園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.2, pp.262-266, 2002-03-15
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
2 1

カキ'西条'の抑制栽培の技術を確立するために, 蛍光ランプを用いて, 10a当たりの設置密度を500灯, 250灯, 125灯と無処理区を設定し, 8月27日&acd;12月8日まで日長時間が17時間±1時間になるようにして長日処理の効果と適正な電照ランプ密度について調べた.光強度の異なる長日処理を行うと, 光強度の強い区ほど葉色(SPAD値)が濃く, 新梢の二次生長量が多く, 落葉時期が遅れた.さらに, 果皮色の進行は光強度の強い区ほど遅く, 果皮色が3以上になるのは, 無処理区が11月上旬であったが, 電照区は11月下旬であった.また, 果肉硬度は光強度が強い区ほど硬く, 屈折計示度は低かった.以上より, カキ'西条'に長日処理を行うことによって, 果実の成熟が遅れ, 栄養生長は盛んになると考えられた.また, カキ'西条'の抑制栽培で適正なランプ設置密度は, 成熟遅延効果があり, 果実糖度の低下が少ない125灯/10aで, 樹冠表面PFDは1.5μmol・m^<-2>・sec^<-1>程度であると考えられた.
著者
鈴木 賢 高見澤 磨 宇田川 幸則 崔 光日 石井 知章 坂口 一成
出版者
北海道大学
雑誌
基盤研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
2007

2009年段階で正式に登記された社会組織は43万1069団体(うち社会団体23万7847、民営非企業事業体19 万479、基金会1843)に上るが、これを遙かに上回る未登記の団体が闇で活動しており、不安定な法的状態にある。設立に当たっての業務主管部門での設立許可と民政部門における登記という二重の管理体制を取ることにより、法人格取得へのハードルを高くしていることがその背景にある。結社については「許されていないことは、禁止される」というのが実態であり、憲法の結社の自由規定とは裏腹に「結社禁止」が原則となっている。目下、社会団体法制の整備に向けて議論が続いているが、いかに社会団体の活性化を図りつつ、他方でその反体制化を避けるべく上からの政治的統制も緩めないという二律背反を具体的な制度に表現するかは容易な課題ではない。厳しい法制環境、共産党組織による統制のなかでもすでに民間団体は、市場経済化のなかで多元化しつつある利益の調整機能、社会の自律調整機能、行政には困難なサービス提供機能、ある種の政治的「参加」機能、社会的公益機能を果たすことによって、政治の民主化を欠く中国で一種の緊張放散的効果をもたらしている。
著者
辻本 典央
出版者
近畿大学
雑誌
近畿大學法學 (ISSN:09164537)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.3, pp.124-99, 2006-12-30

本文データは, CiNiiから複写したものである。本稿は, 2003年10月25日に開催された刑事判例研究会(於・同志社大学)での報告をまとめたものである。
著者
Makoto KIMURA Takeshi TOKAI Naoko TAKAHASHI-ANDO Shuichi OHSATO Makoto FUJIMURA
出版者
(社)日本農芸化学会
雑誌
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.9, pp.2105-2123, 2007-09-23 (Released:2007-09-23)
参考文献数
120
被引用文献数
334

Trichothecenes are a large family of sesquiterpenoid secondary metabolites of Fusarium species (e.g., F. graminearum) and other molds. They are major mycotoxins that can cause serious problems when consumed via contaminated cereal grains. In the past 20 years, an outline of the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway has been established based on the results of precursor feeding experiments and blocked mutant analyses. Following the isolation of the pathway gene Tri5 encoding the first committed enzyme trichodiene synthase, 10 biosynthesis genes (Tri genes; two regulatory genes, seven pathway genes, and one transporter gene) were functionally identified in the Tri5 gene cluster. At least three pathway genes, Tri101 (separated alone), and Tri1 and Tri16 (located in the Tri1-Tri16 two-gene cluster), were found outside of the Tri5 gene cluster. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the pathways of biosynthesis, the functions of cloned Tri genes, and the evolution of Tri genes, focusing on Fusarium species.
著者
八月朔日 泰和 後藤 薫 渡辺 雅彦
出版者
山形大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2011

野生型に比してDGKβ欠失マウスの線条体投射ニューロンの棘突起数が減少していることが明らかとなった。また、DGKβとAMPA型グルタミン酸受容体のサブユニットであるGluR2の結合が見出された。DGKεについてはDGKεが小脳プルキンエ細胞樹状突起に発現すること、またsubsurface cisterns内に局在することが明らかとなった。内分泌細胞については、ラット副腎にはmRNAレベルでDGKβおよびDGKεの発現が認められたが、DGKβは蛋白レベルでは副腎には発現していないと考えられた。一方DGKεは、副腎皮質球状帯細胞の形質膜に局在する可能性が明らかになった。
著者
下野 孝一 Tam Wa James Vazquez Carlos Speranza Filippo Renaud Ron
出版者
一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. HIP, ヒューマン情報処理 (ISSN:09135685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.110, no.228, pp.57-62, 2010-10-07
参考文献数
14

本研究においてわれわれは,奥行き地図(depth map)を平滑化(smoothing)することによって,立体画像で観察される書割効果を減じることができることを報告した.われわれはまず,立体画像の左眼原画像から奥行き地図を計算し,さらに平滑化を行った後,DIBR(depth-image based rendering)法を使って右眼用の画像を作り,立体加工画像を作成した.観察者は立体原画像と立体加工画像を観察し,それぞれの画像の質,書割効果の程度,視覚的快適性の程度を評価した.16名の観察者の結果は、平滑化奥行き地図で作成した立体加工画像は、原画像と比較して画像の質はいくらか低下するけれども、書割り効果を減じうることが示された.
著者
鈴木 義男
出版者
国立極地研究所
雑誌
南極資料 (ISSN:00857289)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, pp.1103-1119, 1961-10

Introduction Since m/s "SOYA" had reached the ice edge on Dec. 27, 1959 at 65°15'S, 48°35'E, the officers on watch carried out continuous visual ice observations, under the supervision of the navigating officer, until the ship left the ice off Riiser-Larsen Peninsula on Feb. 21, 1960. The items of observation were nearly identical with those of the previous three expeditions. As the ship was not bound with drift ice, several surveying cruises were performed between 33°E and 50°E and eleven oceanographic stations were set up in the region. Miscellaneous observations other than general, for instance, observations on the drift of ice field and icebergs, were also made on occasion. 1. Some comments on ice terminology and recording form Several terms were supplemented to the WMO ice terminology mainly from Russian source. Terms were rearranged and compiled in "A glossary of ice terminology to be used in JARE". An example of supplemented terms is secondary slush, which is a combined conception of melting sludge in Baltic ice code and ledyanaya podushka in Russian terminology. Observed items were nearly identical with those required by the U. S. Hydrographic Office's reporting form. Obtained results were compiled in ice charts. Notations used in charts were also similar to those of the U. S. Hydrographic Office. However, the following changes were made both in observed items and in chart notations in order to describe encountered ice conditions more adequately: a) The size of predominant floes was recorded by nearest meters as the index of mechanical decaying. The item "puddling" seems to be insufficient to describe the dacaying state of Antarctic drift ice which decays mechanically before puddles have developed on it. Another index of mechanical decaying such as whether floes have angular or smooth outlines should have been recorded. b) Inter-ice melting sludge was excluded from the first group in the item "concentration by size" and its existence was indicated by a prefix Sl. Though it is difficult to distinguish between ice cakes and melting sludge from the air, the ship observer must distinguish them because the latter behaves quite differently from the former during the compression or the dispersion of an ice field. Melting sludge, if exists, usually covers inter-ice area completely. The compression (or dispersion) of the ice field, not causing hummocking (or formation of open water), only changes the thickness of sludge. The latter, which has important effects on the navigability, should have been recorded at least qualitatively. 2. General ice observations 2a) Note on observation practice. Separate measurements of snowdepth and ice thickness were difficult because the boundary was not clear to identify whether it is porous ice or firnized snow. For convenience' sake, the upper layer easily separable by turning over floes was regarded as snow. In this sense, most floes were covered by snow 0.3-0.5m thick. Estimation of the age of floes was also difficult. The age of little hummocked floes was estimated by their thickness, as usually done. But, this method seemed inadequate for summer ice, for level ice less than 1m thick often had two planktonrich brown thin layers. 2b) Ice conditions along ice edges and 2c) Those in ice field. Main results are shown in Figs. 1-10. Along edges, ice cakes were predominant and inter-ice area was usually covered by melting sludge. If the edge was under the dispersing effect of wind, there appeared along it a narrow region of a small ice concentration composed only of brashes (no melting sludge). Newly developed ice fields composed of small pancake ice were only seen after the middle of February. On Jan. 21 giant clusters of floebergs were seen at 45°30'E on the edge. Vast and big floes encountered in the region south of 67°20'S during the first penetration of the ship into ice area were probably fragments of the shore ice. The heights of reliefs on them were more than 3m, but the fraction of hummocked area was rather small (2/10-3/10). 2d) The shore ice off the western part of the Prince Olav Coast and the lead off the edge of the shose ice. Although the width of the lead on 40°E meridian had narrowed from several kilometers on Jan. 3 to several hundred meters on Jan. 15 and finally the lead disappeared on Feb. 4, the position of the edge did not change during the observation period (Jan. 3-Feb. 10). The constant position of the edge must have some relations with the bottom relief (the sea suddenly deepens northward from about 300m to 1000m at several kilometers north of the edge). Along the edge there was a hummocked narrow zone (2-3km wide). South of the zone there was another a little wider zone (less than 20km wide) where sasturgi running NEN-WSW were developed. Farther south the surface was flat. Puddles were developed little even in the beginning of February. 3. Miscellaneous observations 3a) Icebergs. The first iceberg was seen at 53°09'S, 32°17'E on Dec. 23, 1959 and the last at 54°00'S, 25°10'E on Feb. 26, 1960. The largest iceberg which was observed off Cape Ann was supposed to be identical with the vast iceberg observed by Russian ice breaker "LENA" at 65°40'S, 88°14'E on Feb.16, 1957. 3b) Drift of icebergs. Only the drifts in the lead were analyzed showing the existence of a current of about 0.3knot there (Table 1). 3c) Drift of ice field. From Jan. 22 to Jan. 27 the ship drifted in an ice field composed of 50% cakes and 50% melting brashes and sludge (Fig. 6). The relative speed of the ship to the cakes (and also to sludge) was surprisingly low (only several meters per hour). This shows that the resistance of the melting sludge against the movement of the ship was very strong. The drift of the ship was analyzed as the drift of the ice field (Table 2). 3d) Dispersion of ice edge by the wind. A return survey of the edge between 42°E and 33°E was made on Dec. 29 and 30. The edge was dispersing northward under the effect of W-SW wind. A rough analysis gave the wind coefficient of about 0.08 for the drift of scattered brashes. 4. Summer ice diminution in observed area On Dec. 7. Japanese whaling fleets observed ice edge at about 62°S. As it was at about 65°S-66°S on Dec. 27-29, the retiring speed along the meridian amounted to about 20km/day. This rapid retiring was undoubtedly due to the intense melting of the ice field dispersing under the effect of prevailing westerly there. South of 66°S, the diminution process in the region A was considered to differ from that in the region B (Fig. 11). Ice conditions in the region A indicated that the ice field there had not experienced any intense movement. There the ice field was probably under the dispersing effect of weak westerly and the diminution of ice was chiefly due to melting. In the region B, on the other hand, the ice field were continuously moving west-south-westward. There the diminution of ice was partly attributed to the decrease in the amount of ice supply from Enderby Land. By the beginning of February, the ice field off the Prince Olav Coast had retired within 70km from the coast. Off Cape Ann no drift ice existed in the middle of February. 5. The meaning of oceanographic observations to the analysis of the ice diminution process Summer ice diminution is determined by two factors: the melting of ice and the movement of ice. The latter is caused primarily by wind. Now, the most characteristic feature of wind regime in the Antarctic coastal region is the existence of easterly near coast and of westerly off the sea. The ice field is dispersed by westerly and then melts rapidly. Therefore, early in summer (at the end of December or at the beginning of January) the ice edge is probably at about the boundary between easterly and westerly. Wind regime reflects on sea regime and the said boundary appears in the sea as the so-called Antarctic Divergence. Thus, to know the position of the Antarctic Divergence becomes important for ice diminution considerations. Our eleven stations were not adequately located for the determination of the position of the Antarctic Divergence. But, from the obtained temperature distribution, the concave of the Antarctic Divergence on 38°E meridian was deduced (The author considers that the Divergence will be nearly pallarel to 1℃ isotherm in Fig. 14.). Concerning the melting, it is difficult to estimate the amount of melted ice from heat balance considerations. But, assuming that no advection occurs in the sea, it may be estimated from considerations of the dilution of the surface water. The obtained oceanographic data were analyzed from this point of view (Table 3, where D, S_1 and S_2 mean the thickness of the surface water, the salinity in winter and the mean salinity in summer, respectively). Reasonable values were obtained for stations 1, 2, 3 and 4, showing that advection corrections for these stations were negligible. This again indicates that in the region A the ice field had not experienced intense moving. Acknowledgements As mentioned in the introduction, the ice observations were carried out by the members of the Navigation Section of the "SOYA". The author expresses his sincere thanks to Mr. TETSUO SHIMOMATSU, the then navigating officer, and other members of the Navigation Section. Mr. KOSEI YOSHIDA, the then fourth officer, compiled the excellent ice charts, on which Figs. 1-10 of the text are based. The contents of §§ 2 and 3 are also mainly due to him. Oceanographic data used in §5 were kindly offered before publication by Mr. SHIGERU FUKASE of the Nagasaki Marine Meteorological Observatory, chief oceanographer of the expedition. Asst. Prof. KOU KUSUNOKI and Mr. NOBUO ONO of the Institute, both the former members of JARE, gave many usufull suggestions. The author expresses his hearty thanks to all of them.
著者
Tokioka Takasi
出版者
瀨戸臨海實驗所
雑誌
PUBLICATIONS OF THE SETO MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY (ISSN:00372870)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, no.3, pp.151-157, 1950-10-05
著者
箕越 靖彦 岡本 士毅 志内 哲也
出版者
生理学研究所
雑誌
新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)
巻号頁・発行日
2010-04-01

摂食行動の発現・調節機構を理解するためには、摂食に関わる神経回路網を明らかにするだけでなく、生体のエネルギーレベルを脳がどのように感受し、その情報を神経活動および摂食行動にどう変換するかを解明する必要がある。我々は、本研究において、室傍核CRHニューロンのAMPKが、絶食後の高炭水化物食と高脂肪食の食物選択行動を調節することをマウスを用いて見出した。室傍核CRHニューロンのAMPKが活性化することは、高炭水化物食の選択行動を引き起こす必要かつ十分であった。この実験結果は、生理学的、病態生理学的な食物選択行動の調節に室傍核CRHニューロンのAMPKが関与することを示す重要な発見である。
著者
村山 雅美
出版者
国立極地研究所
雑誌
南極資料 (ISSN:00857289)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, pp.2153-2175, 1966-12

(1) The basic plan of the 7th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition was the reopening of the Syowa Station, the establishment of a permanent station and preparations for inland survey. The routine observations of the wintering team were to engage in the study of aurora, airglow, geomagnetism, ionosphere, natural earthquake observation and tidology at the station while high level scientific researches were to be made on auroral intensity, auroral spectrum, auroral radio noise emission, geomagnetic pulsation, ionospheric absorption, biology and thermal process in the upper atmosphere. Emphasis in the researches of the 7th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition was to be placed on the study of upper atmospheric physics and biology in line with the International Quiet Sun Year (I Q S Y) and the International Biological Program (I B P), respectively The basic policy for inland survey was to be based on magnetic meridian which passes through the Syowa Station, and on geosciences, also glaciology and magnetism to be conducted between appropriate points on the magnetic meridian and the South Pole, were to be taken up as important subjects. Preparatory operations were to be made by the 7th wintering team with the target set on a South Pole traverse trip by the 10th expedition While testing the large sized snow car specially developed for such traverse, the wintering team was to conduct inland terrestrial magnetism and meteorological observations and also construct fuel depots for the team to accomplish the traverse. On the other hand, aboard the icebreaker FUJI, observations were conducted on upper stmosphere physics, oceanography, geochemistry and biology. (2) The icebreaker FUJI, which left Tokyo on November 20, 1965, entered the sea of ice floes off the Soviet Station Mirny on December 19 after touching at Fremantle, Australia. After proceeding westward, the FUJI arrived at the edge of close pack ice at a point 65°S, 45°E Compared with the conventional course via Gape Town, the time required to navigate the distance between Tokyo and the sea near Syowa Station was reduced by approximately two weeks Furthermore, because the condition of the ice in Lutzow-Holm Bay is greatly influenced by the ice condition in the area between Enderby Land and the Prince Olav Coast, the FUJI during her voyage was able to carry out effective survey on the condition of the ice in this area. The Prince Olav Coast, west of Enderby Land, is well known for its numerous icebergs which were found in a long row about 30 miles off that coast along a line of the top margin of the continental shelf It was also presumed that an open sea existed along the Prince Olav Coast northwest of the row of icebergs The open sea was spotted by a Sikorsky 61A helicopter which is capable of long distance reconnaissance flight The FUJI entered this open sea and, after cruising in a southwesterly direction, arrived at the edge of fast ice some 40 milts NNE off the Syowa Station on East Ongul Island However, this was one wintei fast ice which had been formed since April of the preceding year Because this ice was considered too soft to hold a large sized snow car and also because it would take the FUJI a long time to break through, it was decided ro carry out an transportation (3) The buildings, antenna and vehicles at the Syowa Station which had been closed since February 1962, seemed in good condition outwardly, but the summer of the preceding year, which had changed the many wintered fast ice of Lutzow-Holm Bay into new fast ice, also had played havoc with the base and the buildings which were caught in frozen waters In particular the powei hut and mess hut weie damaged When closing the base in 1962, I had left two 20 KVA diesel electric generators which I believe would take only about 48 hours to restore the operational condition, but the fact was that it took nearly a week to clean the ice off the generators, dry and reassemble them The 12,000 horse power FUJI, unlike its predecessor the SOYA, was able to advance up to five miles from the Prince Olav Coast by developing only about 25% of her full power However, the reason why the FUJI was able to approach so close to the coast was partly attributable to the favorable ice condition Air transportation of provisions and equipments began from the end of December and was completed at the beginning of Februay under a polar high atmospheric piessuie and under the same weather condition as at the Syowa Station During this period, the operational rate of the two helicopters reached a high 50% out of days feasible to fly Various huts to accoinodate the equipments were constiucted, including the power hut assembled from metal pannels which housed two 45 KVA diesel electric geneiatois, a pie-heating hut housing a circulation flush toilet and a pre-hcatmg tank, radio and tiansmittei huts The buildings weie connected by passageway made of corrugated iron pipe with a diameter of two meters Thus, the Syowa Station was completely revitalized About 80 kilohters diesel oil is consumed in one year at the base for the diesel electric geneiators, excluding the fuel in diums to be used for inland survey tups This time the transportation of diesel oil for geneiators was earned in bulk from the FUJI to the base, i e , in two 1-kilohter tanks installed in the helicopter and delivered to six newlv constructed 10-kiloliter rubber pillow tanks and one 20-kilohter aluminum tank A rhombic antenna was constiucted on an island off East Ongul Island, with directional beams toward Tokyo and the mother station, Mawson. The establishment of telegraph and telephone services with Tokyo using a 1 KW transmitter was completed on January 27. On the other side, the FUJI started her voyage southward by breaking through the blue ice on the western side of Ongul Island. The ship advanced further in the Ongul Straits and finally succeeded in berthing at East Ongul Island More than 400 tons of cargo had been air-lifted from the FUJI to the base, but the FUJI berthed near the base in search of ice strong enough to hold the snow car to be sent ashore. The snow car was the KD 60, which was developed specially for traverse trip between the base and the South Pole It has the following specifications and capacities, resistant to cold up to 60 degrees below zero centigrade, operatable up to a height of 4,000 meters above sea level, durable 6,000 kilometers trip, equipped with seismic sounding instrument, gravity meter, 50 W SSB transmitter, gyrocompass and straight steering navigation system It is also equipped with berthes and a kitchen for a crew of four and is capable of pulling a load of seven to nine tons at speed range of 10km per hour to 15 km on even snow Facilities and instruments for observations in upper atmosphere physics such as multicolor photometer, all-sky camera, spectrograph, aurora radar, riometer, continuous measurement of VLF emission, magnetic recorder and hiss recorder were completed To increase the meteorograph system, the automatic Rawin system was successfully installed, inaddition to a hydrogen gas generator and a tide gauge. On February 1, I nominated eighteen members of the wintering team led by Dr. A. MUTO. (4) The FUJI sailed eastward along the Prince Olav Coast, reached some 25 miles northwest of Molodezhnaya Station (67°50'S, 45°50'E), and berthed here where the Soviet relief ship OB lied already alongside. The fast ice on the Prince Olav Coast, 10 to 20 miles wide during the past month and the northern line of the ice floes at about 40 to 50 miles from the coast, had turned to an area of loose ice with an ice concentration of 3 to 5 The FUJI stopped some 15 miles north-northwest off the Molodezhnaya on the edge of fast ice and paid a visit to the station by helicopters on the night of February 3. We were welcomed by Dr. N. N OUCHINNIKOV, the leader of Molodezhnaya, who personally guided us throughout the station, our nearest neighbor. Next day, we visited OB, which was moored to the continental ice, and were welcomed by Captain KUPRI and Dr. MAKSUTOV, the leader of the 11th Soviet Antarctic Expedition. In return, Captain KUPRI, Dr. MAKSUTOV and Dr OUCHINNIKOV paid a visit to the FUJI where a mutual-welcome party was held by the members of the Japanese and Soviet Antarctic expeditions The FUJI started her westward cruise on February 6 and arrived at a point 45 miles north of the Syowa Station A helicopter was flown to Syowa to bring back five summer personnel who had been left there, and we baid farewell to the eighteen members of the wintering team The FUJI continued her survey cruise from Princess Ragnhild Coast through ice floes some 20/60 miles wide from the ice front in a west-southwest direction On February 9, the FUJI pushed southward through the loose ice floe filled with an ice concentration of 2 to 3 and discovered oil drums on the shelf ice indicating the place where the MAGA DAN, a relief ship chartered by the Belgian-Dutch Antarctic Expedition, had berthed seveial days before We cast anchor at Glacier Bay and on the night of Februaiy 10, we were visited by Mr AUTENBOER, leader of the Belgian-Dutch Antarctic Expedition, and his men from Roi Baudoum Station The following night, four Japanese members, including myself, paid a visit to Roi Baudoum with Mr AUTENBOER on his snocat, and were given the opportunity of touring the station The Belgo-Netherland party gave us very cordial reception and hospitality during our stay at Roi Baudouin Early in the morning of February 12, the FUJI continued her westwaid voyage along the Princess Astrid Coast and on the night of the 13th, she took northward ciuise for home via Cape Town
著者
冨田 良雄
出版者
京大天文台アーカイブプロジェクト(京大総合博物館、理学研究科附属天文台、理学研究科宇宙物理学教室)
雑誌
第二回天文台アーカイブプロジェクト報告会集録
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1-3, 2012-01

研究資源アーカイブ映像ステーションイベント : 山本天文台特集, 京都大学映像ステーション, 2011/07/28