著者
Hannu ANTTONEN Anneli PEKKARINEN Juhani NISKANEN
出版者
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
雑誌
Industrial Health (ISSN:00198366)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.3, pp.254-261, 2009 (Released:2009-06-16)
参考文献数
39
被引用文献数
28 51

The questions related to safety at work in cold environments and prevention of cold stress in working life are described in this article. Working in the cold environment is more dangerous than the same type of work in a warmer climate. All researchers have concluded that the frequency of accidents/versus temperature curves follow the U-shape with the minimum near 20℃. The effects of low temperature can be divided into direct, typically frostbites, and indirect, of which the indirect effects, typically slipping accidents, are more common. In improving risk management in cold conditions the risk evaluation based on existing standards is the starting point. Prevention of risks in cold environments can be done by planning of work, technical measures like heating or reduction of cooling by protective clothing, training and other measures. Local heaters, shelters against bad weather, reduction of draught are good examples of means of improving working conditions and reducing accident risks. The local IR-heaters can increase skin temperature of fingers about 7℃ in normal cold work. The improvement of 3℃ can be reached by using insulating material in the handle of tools. By using these technical improvements we can reduce the health risks but also improve work performance and even energy savings at work places.
著者
藤田 節子
出版者
社団法人情報科学技術協会
雑誌
ドクメンテーション研究 (ISSN:00125180)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.12, pp.533-537, 1979-12-01

1976年改正された米国新著作権法の下で,著作権制度の集中的権利処理機構としてCopyright Clearance Centerが設立された。その目的は,図書館やその他の利用機関が,新著作権法で許容されている範囲を超えて,著作権のある著作物を複写して,利用する場合,その許諾料金を手軽に支払うことができ,一方,逐次刊行物等の出版者にも利益を得ることができるというものである。本稿では,C.C.C.の設立目的や機構について述べたあと,図書館やその他の機関がC.C.C.を利用する際の手続き-利用登録の手続き,許諾を必要とする記事の複写報告,使用許諾料の支払い方法等-についてその概略を紹介する。
著者
林 浩孝 大野 智 新井 隆成 鈴木 信孝
出版者
日本補完代替医療学会
雑誌
日本補完代替医療学会誌 (ISSN:13487922)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, no.3, pp.183-196, 2008 (Released:2008-11-14)
参考文献数
27
被引用文献数
1 3

「特定保健用食品」のうち,生活習慣病の原因の 1 つである動脈硬化に関連して「コレステロールが高めの方に適する」表示をした食品については,現在のところ,再許可等特定保健用食品を含め 100 種類以上の商品がある.そのうちのいくつかについて,安全性・有効性について解説する.
著者
大野 秀夫 小出 陽子 久野 覚 間野 忠明 山羽 基
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.509, pp.1-7, 1998
被引用文献数
1

The present paper discusses on the better heating method at the changingroom for aged when they take a bath in winter. The main results are as follows: 1.The significant difference was observed on the psychological responses between the heating condition and non-heating one before bathing. They showed the higher discomfort at the non-heating than the heating conditions. 2.The blood pressure rose less at the warm air blowing condition compared with other two conditions before bathing. It was more effective for the older subjects. 3.They immersed their bodies into the hot bathtab till their skin temperatures rose higher levels at non-heating condition compared to the heating conditions.
著者
小林 信之
出版者
美学会
雑誌
美學 (ISSN:05200962)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.4, pp.13-24, 1988-03-31

Auf seinem ganzen Denkweg, der entscheidend durch die Seinsfrage bestimmt wurde, stellt sich Heidegger auch die Frage nach dem Raum. In Sein und Zeit wird die Raumlichkeit des Daseins thematisiert, d.h. der von der "ausrichtenden Entfernung" geoffnete Spielraum des Daseins selbst im Umkreis des "nachstbesorgten Zeugganzen". Aber diese Analyse soll die Frage nach der "Verkoppelung" von Raum und Zeit erst vorbereiten. Das Eigentumliche des Raumes muss verhullt bleiben, solange die Interpretation des ontologischen Sinnes von Sein uberhaupt als Zeit nicht durchgefuhrt wird. Dagegen wird in Heideggers spaten Denken das Sein des Dinges schlechthin als der Ort aufgefasst, der die eigentliche und ursprungliche Welt (das Geviert) "versammelt". Und Dinge, die in diesem Sinne "Orte" sind, geben jeweils erst Raume frei. Das Hervorbringen solcher Dinge ist Bauen im Sinne der ursprunglichen Kunst (griechisch techne). In Die Kunst und der Raum ist die Rede vom "Zueinanderspiel" von Kunst und Raum als einem aus physis zu denkenden Urphanomen. Am Beispiel des plastischen Gebildes sieht Heidegger den kunstlerischen Raum unter drei Aspekten (dem vom Werk "freigegebenen" Raum uberhaupt, dem Volumen, der Leere). Wenn die Kunst das Ins-Werk-Bringen der Wahrheit ist, wird dann nicht das Eigentumliche des "wahren" Raumes erst durch das Kunstwerk "entborgen"?
著者
千田 恭子 篠原 靖志
出版者
一般社団法人情報処理学会
雑誌
情報処理学会研究報告情報学基礎(FI) (ISSN:09196072)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2001, no.86, pp.91-96, 2001-09-10

技術成果に関するPR資料やプレゼンテーションでは、専門家だけでなく一般の人にもアピールする表題をつける必要がある。そこで本研究では、専門的な技術性かを、専門知識のない一般の人にもアピールできる表題のつけ方を明らかにすることを目的とする。そのため、論文・報告書の表題(4325題)と、それと同種の研究成果を報じた新聞記事の見出し(1411題)との比較分析を行った。そして、新聞の見出しでは、専門知識のない人にもその技術の価値が伝わるように、「開発技術の具体的な動作内容でなく、開発目的を示すことで、その技術の要旨を表す」「開発技術の実現方法でなく長所を示すことで、その技術の新規性を表す」という方策をとっていることを明らかにした。In order to publish reports or pamphlets on newly developed technologies for the general public, the authors have to compose titles appealing to the common reader. In order to clarify the method of composing the titles, this research compared between paper titles and newspaper headlines. On comparison, it became clear that the following tactics is used in the newspapers headlines to get the value of the technology across to the reader who lacks expert knowledge. ・It is expressed that what sort of technology it is by the phrase expressing what purpose the technology is for, instead of by the phrase expressing what the technology does. ・It is express that what the novelty of the technology is by the phrase expressing its strong point, instead of by the phrase expressing the method of realizing it.
著者
長野 勇 木村 磐根 岡田 敏美 山本 正幸 橋本 弘蔵 鶴田 浩一郎 川口 正芳 杉森 明志
出版者
宇宙航空研究開発機構
雑誌
宇宙科学研究所報告. 特集 (ISSN:02859920)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, pp.77-91, 1991-03

EXOS-D衛星は1989年2月21日に打ち上げられ, その後伸展物の展開, 高圧電源の投入を経て, 観測態勢に入った。VLF装置によるプラズマ波動の観測は, 一部他の搭載機器との電磁干渉が見られるが, 概ね良質のデータが取得されており, PFX装置で観測されたオメガ信号及びホイスラ空電のk及びPoynting vectorの解析に成功している。また, WB受信機やMCA装置により, オーロラに関連したHissやfunnel typeのエミションのスペクトラムが観測されている。この様に, 概ね良質な波動データを取得できたのは, 次のようなEMI対策によるところが大きい。すなわち第1次噛み合わせにおいて, 全てのサブシステムを衛星に組み込んだ後に各サブシステムからの放射磁界雑音特性を測定し(システム全体により構成されるループからの放射も含む), その雑音強度がVLF班の測定対象としている波動のレベル(磁界センサーが検出できる最小レベルを基準にすることが望ましいが)を越えている場合, そのサブシステムについてEMI対策をお願いした。改修後, 単体によるEMI測定を行なった。更に, 第2次噛み合わせにおいて, 組み上げ後再度EMIテストを行なった。このようにして, 各サブシステムのPIのご協力により, 放射磁界干渉雑音強度を減少させることが出来た。しかし, 一部の搭載機器においては, その改修によるシステム全体に与える影響を避けるため, そして改修にかかる時間的制約のもとで, 干渉を減らす為の装置の改修を諦めざるを得なかった。本報告では, EXOS-Dの干渉試験を通して得られたいくつかのEMI対策方法や資料について述べる。また, 打ち上げ後の軌道上におけるVLF装置と他サブシステムとの干渉結果についても述べる。そして, これらの経験を通して作成された1992年打ち上げ予定の科学衛星(GEOTAIL)に於けるEMC規制値についても触れる。
著者
塚田 恭章
出版者
一般社団法人情報処理学会
雑誌
情報処理学会論文誌 (ISSN:18827764)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.1, pp.236-246, 2005-01-15

悪性プログラムから計算機を守るためプログラム本体とそれが正しく安全に動作することの数学的証明を同時に流通させる方式(Proof-Carrying Code)が近年提案され,電子署名に基づく現行方式より高い安全性を保証する新技術として期待が集まっている.この方式の課題であった証明サイズの爆発の問題も,対話的・確率的手法に基づく効率的な証明検証技法を応用した対話型安全性証明つきプログラム配信方式の適用により対処できる.しかし,証明をそのまま流通させることは証明の盗用や悪用(たとえば証明を利用したリバースエンジニアリングなど)を招く恐れがある.この問題を解決するため,本論文において,安全性証明の存在をゼロ知識対話型プロトコルを利用して保証する方式を提案する.本方式により,証明の盗用・悪用を防ぐことができる.特に,証明の所有者が正規のプログラム開発者に限られるため,証明の所有をプログラム著作権の保持と見なすことも可能となる.すなわち,提案方式は,プログラムの安全性を効率的に検証したいという利用者側の要求とプログラムの著作権を保護したいという開発者側の要求を同時に満たすことができる.Proof-carrying code (PCC) is a promising new mechanism that can protect computers from unreliable and possibly malicious foreign programs transmitted by untrusted hosts. One problem with PCC is that safety proofs carried by codes are inherently complex and often larger than the codes themselves and hence proof checking would be an intractable task for each code consumer. This problem was solved by extending the simple certification mechanism of PCC to make it interactive and probabilistic. Another problem is that safety proofs are open and can be used by stealth. To solve this problem, the present paper proposes the use of zero-knowledge protocols, with which proofs in the interactive and probabilistic extension of PCC can be hidden. The proposed mechanism is shown to have a potential application to the proofs-as-copyrights interpretation. In other words, the proposed mechanism has an advantage in that it not only efficiently ensures "safety" (which is requested from the code consumer's side) but also guarantees "copyright" (which is important for the code producer's side) at the same time.
著者
Maeda Yoshitomo Ebara Masatoshi Fujimoto Ryuichi HAYASHI Takayuki INOUE Hirohiko ISHISAKI Yoshitaka MORI Hideyuki OKADA Shunsaku SUZUKI Kensuke UCHIYAMA Yasunobu SERLEMITSOS Peter J. SOONG Yang CHAN Kai-Wing OKAJIMA Takashi LEHAN John P. ITOH Kei ITOH Akiharu YOKOYAMA Yushi ITOH Yumi NAKAMURA Ryoko ISHIDA Manabu HAYAKAWA Akira INOUE Chiaki OKUMA Satoshi KUBOTA Ren SUZUKI Masaki OSAWA Takeyuki YAMASHITA Koujun KUNIEDA Hideyo TAWARA Yuzuru OGASAKA Yasushi FURUZAWA Akihiro TAMURA Keisuke SHIBATA Ryo HABA Yoshito NAITOU Masataka MISAKI Kazutami IIZUKA Ryo
出版者
一般社団法人日本物理学会
雑誌
Progress of theoretical physics. Supplement (ISSN:03759687)
巻号頁・発行日
no.169, pp.322-325, 2007-12-19

We present the in-flight performance of the X-ray telescopes (XRTs) onboard Suzaku. The imaging capability is significantly improved over the ASCA XRT, which had half-power diameters of 3'.6, to 1'.8-2'.3 for all four XRT-I modules. Contemporaneous fits of a power law to all the XIS spectra of the Crab Nebula taken at the two standard observing positions (XIS/HXD-default positions) gives a flux consistent with that obtained by Toor & Seward (1974) to within〜2%. The pre-collimator on the top of each XRT module successfully reduces the intensity of the stray light from the 20' and 50'-off directions down to the level of pre-flight expectations. We also present the thermal wobbling of the satellite. The wobbling causes the alignment error between the XRT-XIS system and the attitude and orbit control system. The wobbling of the alignment is as large as〜1arcmin. In the currently processed data, the absolute coordinate also has systematic uncertainty of up to〜1arcmin.
著者
藤原 源吉
出版者
社団法人日本材料学会
雑誌
材料 (ISSN:05145163)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.1, pp.2-8, 1996-01-15
被引用文献数
13

This article describes the findings of research for some recent transport airplane's accidents related to fatigue cracks. One is a B747SR's accident due to crack initiating at the fastener holes (to say Multiple-Site Damage). The other describes the crash of UAL's DC10-10 (N1819U), in Sioux City, Iowa, U.S.A., on July 19, 1989, which experienced a catastrophic failure of the No.2 tail-mounted engine during cruise flight. The third explains the in flight separation of the No.2 engine and engine pylon from B747-100F, shortly after departure from Anchorage International Airport, Anchorage, Alaska, on March 31, 1993. As a result of investigation for B747-100F's accident, National Transportation Safety Board made some important recommendations (One is to amend the design load requirements of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 25 to consider multiple axis loads encountered during severe turbulence) to the Federal Aviation Administration. Also, current aging airplane service data have identified that there are more cracked airplanes with increasing fleet edge, and possibly several fatigue cracks in some of the cracked airplanes. Especialy, MSD helped focus the attention of the aeronautical field on the problems of operating an aging transport airplanes. Therefore, FAA proposed to rivise the Advisory Circular No.25·571-1A (Damage tolerance and fatigue evaluation of structure) on 3/5/1986. This article describes one operator's viewpoint on the means to maintain the safety of aircraft structures in consideration of the revised structural fatigue evaluation standards.
著者
Tan Hongxin
巻号頁・発行日
2009-11-07

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations predicts that worldwide harvest output of aquatic products will be stagnant or decreased whereas the consumption of aquatic products will be increased at the speed of 1.0% to 2.9%. The increase of aquatic product output will mainly be attributed to the development of aquaculture. For a developing country, especially for a country with a large population and fast developing pace as China, aquaculture in the 21st century will not only face favorable developing opportunities but severe challenges as well. 1. A brief introduction to the development of Chinese aquaculture. China has a very long history in aquaculture. Chinese aquaculture industry has witnessed the growth rates of more than 10 percent every year. Since 1989, China's aquatic product output has been in the first place of the world. At present, it accounts for 40% of the world's aquatic product output, among which the aquaculture output accounts for 70% of that of the world. China thus becomes the only fishery country that aquaculture output exceeds fishing yield, with 9 billion US dollars of export volume which accounts for 30% of the total export volume of agricultural products. Export of aquatic products has enhanced China's international competitiveness in the field of fishery, thus promoted the development of domestic aquaculture and aquatic processing. In 2006, the freshwater aquaculture area was 60,200 hectares and the aquaculture output was 19.5 million tons which accounted for 97% of the total output of cultured fishes. Aquaculture is a vibrant industry in China, Chinese aquaculture producers are rapidly upgrading their technology to produce species such as black carps, grass carps, silver carps, bighead carps, tilapia, catfish, eel, shrimp, abalone, sea bass, turbot, sea bream, red drum, crab, flounder, trout, mussels, salmon and more. 2. A major challenge for Chinese aquaculture. China suffers from environmental pollution and a shortage of freshwater resources. The problems of shortage of water resources and water quality-induced water shortage become more and more prominent in China. The current fishery pattern costs a great deal of resources and we need to shift the fishery pattern to the resource saving and environmentally friendly orientation. This is not only a scientific issue but also a social issue. However, the current scientific development of fishery in China does not meet the transformation of fishery growth modes. 3. Aquaculture should be resource saving and environmentally friendly. How to make aquaculture be shifted to the resource saving and environmentally friendly orientation? Simply speaking, in order to realize the goal of shifting to the resource saving and environmentally friendly orientation, sustainable aquaculture mode will become the direction of China's aquaculture. Sustainable aquaculture must consider the ecological, social, and economic aspects of development. Recently, governments and industry have realized that the focus of aquaculture must evolve into the development of an industry that is both environmentally and socially sustainable in the long term. Positive changes are being made with this growing interest and awareness of improving the sustainability of aquaculture. With the expected expansion of aquaculture in the coming years it will be vital that sustainable practices be implemented and further developed to avoid environmental and social problems. There are a number of alternative ways forward in the development of aquaculture, which can offer more sustainable solutions. In some cases these methods have been around for centuries, but they have rarely been adopted in the modern aquaculture industry, and in other cases they are innovative practices that can be explored by aquaculture proponents. Alternatives include ecological aquaculture, organic aquaculture, polyculture, mollusc farming, and closed and low discharge systems. These alternative practices have been successfully implemented in different areas of the world; however, they must be examined for their application on a wider scale. Concerns for water conservation and reduced waste discharges have prompted the increased use of closed recirculating aquaculture systems. The systems are made up of three basic components: culture tank, settling tank, and biological filter. Recirculating systems have less of an impact upon the environment because of their closed nature - wastes and uneaten feed are not simply released into the ambient environment in the manner that they are with netpens and exotic species and diseases are not introduced into the environment. In recirculating systems, wastes are filtered out of the culture system and disposed of in a responsible manner. Recirculating systems can be built just about anywhere, including in urban settings where they can use existing structures and be placed close to markets, thereby reducing transportation costs. Recirculating systems can be used to grow a wide variety of fish species year-round in controlled environments. Species commonly grown in recirculating systems include hybrid striped bass and tilapia. Additionally, much research has been dedicated to developing recirculating systems for marine species of fish and this technology holds much promise. Ecological aquaculture has been defined as "an alternative model of aquaculture research and development that brings the technical aspects of ecological principles and ecosystems thinking to aquaculture". Ecological aquaculture focuses on the development of farming systems that preserve the environments in which they are situated and enhances the quality of these environments while at the same time maintaining a productive culture system. All aspects of the operation are interconnected in order to minimize negative impacts on the community, both natural and social. Ecological aquaculture can also be incorporated into sustainable fisheries management and coastal zone management. In 2007, Shanghai has launched the construction of standard ecological aquaculture bases, as a means to transform its traditional aquaculture model. The base will form an ecological system, with 20 ponds with distinct functions such as seedling raising, prawn-farming, a fish pond and artificial wetland. A 1200 hektares ecological aquaculture area will be completed during the 11th five-year-plan period. Shanghai will explore a low-cost and highly efficient way to popularize the application of aquaculture model.
著者
ゲイツ ジョン 長谷山 美紀 北島 秀夫
出版者
一般社団法人映像情報メディア学会
雑誌
映像情報メディア学会技術報告 (ISSN:13426893)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.10, pp.49-54, 2000-02-03

この論文は高精度に実時間で円を抽出するアルゴリズムを示す。このアルゴリズムは複雑な入力画像から完全な円と円形の円弧を抽出することができる。アルゴリズムが450MHzのペンティアムIIプロセッサでたくさんの256×256の8ビット画像を実験した。その実験の平均のフレームレートは一秒で69フレーム以上である。このアルゴリズムの高精度を照明するために実験の結果を示す。
著者
ゲイツ ジョン 長谷山 美紀 北島 秀夫
出版者
一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. CS, 通信方式 (ISSN:13426893)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.99, no.510, pp.73-78, 1999-12-16

この論文は高精度に実時間で多角形を抽出と分類するアルゴリズムを示す。このアルゴリズムは複雑な入力画像から凸形、凹形両方の多角形を抽出することできる。このアルゴリズムは三角形を五つの種類に分類することできる。四辺形を六つの種類に分類することできる。アルゴリズムが450MHzのペンティアムIIプロセッサでたくさんの256×256の8ビットを実験した。その実験の平均のフレーム率は一秒で69フレーム以上である。このアルゴリズムの高精度を証明するために実験の結果を示す。
著者
ゲイツ ジョン 長谷山 美紀 北島 秀夫
出版者
一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. EID, 電子ディスプレイ (ISSN:09135685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.99, no.608, pp.49-54, 2000-02-03

この論文は高精度に実時間で円を抽出するアルゴリズムを示す。このアルゴリズムは複雑な入力画像から完全な円と円形の円弧を抽出することができる。アルゴリズムが450MHzのペンティアムIIプロセッサでたくさんの256×256の8ビット画像を実験した。その実験の平均のフレームレートは一秒で69フレーム以上である。このアルゴリズムの高精度を証明するために実験の結果を示す。
著者
長谷川 淳一 市橋 秀夫
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社會經濟史學 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.6, pp.689-704, 2002-03-25

Until the late 1980s, the British Labour Party under the leadership of Gaitskell and Wilson was perceived to have been much less successful than the Party had been under Attlee. But in recent years, with the emergence of 'New Labour', more sympathetic analyses have gained ground. This article will reassess the various interpretations through surveying both old and recent writings on the Labour Party of the 1950s and 1960s. In particular, we will look closely at the much questioned attempts by Gaitskell and Wilson to modernise the Party : the removal of Clause IV, the widening of the Party's electoral appeal, and the modernising of Britain through a 'scientific revolution'. Overall, faced by the increased affluence of the 1950s and 1960s, it became more and more difficult for the Labour Party to continue an interventionist stance. On balance, we accept the view that modernising projects were inevitable and necessary. However, Labour revisionists failed to show their own coherent version of a socialist Britain. We also find some difficulty in rehabilitating Wilson and his governments. Although he successfully united the Party traditionalists and modernisers with a new vision of a socialist society, once elected his priority was to remain in office rather than to make and implement policy.