著者

乾 孝司

出版者

一般社団法人 言語処理学会

雑誌

自然言語処理 (ISSN:13407619)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.1-2, 2014-03-14 (Released:2014-06-14)

著者

岡野 光博

出版者

日本鼻科学会

雑誌

日本鼻科学会会誌 (ISSN:09109153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.62-62, 2014 (Released:2014-07-19)

著者

晴山 俊英

出版者

JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES

雑誌

印度學佛教學研究 (ISSN:00194344)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.91-94, 1997-12-20 (Released:2010-03-09)

著者

相澤 勝治

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.5, pp.455-462, 2016-10-01 (Released:2016-10-03)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

2

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The plasticity of skeletal muscle facilitates adaptation to various stimuli. Sex steroid hormones (androgens and estrogens) are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. In skeletal muscle, sex steroid hormones affect growth, strength, metabolism, and antioxidant levels and are associated with exercise-induced skeletal muscular adaptation. Sex steroid hormone levels also decrease with aging and are thought to be a factor in muscle atrophy. Though sex steroid hormones play an important role in skeletal muscular homeostasis, the role of the endocrine system in muscle plasticity is unknown. Sex steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol by steroidogenic enzymes, such as 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), and 17β-HSD, with testosterone being irreversibly converted to estrogen by aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom). Testosterone is also converted into its bioactive metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by 5α-reductase. Sex steroid hormones are produced by various peripheral target tissues including the kidney, liver, and brain in addition to endocrine organs such as the testis or ovary in the recent research. For instance, steroidogenic enzymes expressed in skeletal muscle have been reported to locally synthesize sex steroid hormones from circulating dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) or testosterone in response to exercise. Thus, local steroidogenesis in skeletal muscle provides further evidence for the presence of an autocrine/paracrine system for sex steroid hormones and their roles in skeletal muscle function and adaptation. This review focuses on the steroidogenesis of skeletal muscle and discusses the physiological significance of the sex steroid hormones network of circulation and skeletal muscle.

著者

菊地 尋彦

出版者

一般社団法人 ターボ機械協会

雑誌

ターボ機械 (ISSN:03858839)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.181-185, 1993-03-10 (Released:2011-07-11)

参考文献数

1

著者

Xing-Gang Zhuo Shaw Watanabe

出版者

日本疫学会

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.4, pp.275-284, 1999 (Released:2007-11-30)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

12 31

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Dietary factors were analyzed for the regional difference of GI tract cancer mortality rates in China. Sixty-five rural counties were selected among a total of 2, 392 counties to represent a range of rates for seven most prevalent cancers. The dietary data in the selected 65 counties were obtained by three-day dietary record of households in 1983. The four digestive cancer mortality rates (annual cases per 100, 000 standardized truncated rates for ages 35-64) and per capita food consumption were analyzed by the principal components factor analysis. Esophageal cancer associated with poor area, dietary pattern rich in starchy tubers, and salt, lack of consumption of meat, eggs, vegetables and rice. Stomach cancer seemed to be less associated with diet in this study because of its small model Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy, suggesting some other carcinogenic factors would play more important role in the development of this cancer in China. The colon and rectal cancer showed close relation to diet; rich in sea vegetables, eggs, soy sauce, meat and fish, while lack in consumption of milk and dairy products. Rapeseed oil was more important risk factor for colon cancer than that of rectum. Rice, processed starch and sugar were closely associated with colon cancer, supporting the insulin/colon cancer hypothesis. J Epidemiol, 1999 ; 9 : 275-284.

著者

長野 正孝 山本 修司

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

土木史研究 (ISSN:09167293)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.81-96, 1992-06-05 (Released:2010-06-15)

参考文献数

7

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中米地峡運河は、16世紀からその必要性が叫ばれていたが、20世紀初頭になって、水路と人造湖、閘門、ダムを擁する構造物として、パナマに完成した。それに至るまで、技術の進歩と計画規模の増大という相克の歴史があった。すなわち、中米地峡運河の計画は、それぞれの時代に新しく生まれた土木技術を取り入れながら、より優れたものになってきたが、一方では、この200年間に船舶が飛躍的に大型化したことによって、要求される運河の規模が大きくなり、膨大な土量を掘削し、巨大な閘門を建設することを余儀なくさせられてきた。本論では、その歴史について、技術面に焦点をあてて、以下の点について、分析、評価を行った。第一に、18世紀までのヨーロッパの技術では、この中米地峡に、運河を建設することは不可能であったことを幾つかの角度から傍証した。第二に、レセップスの時代には、技術的な制約はほぼ解決し、中米地峡運河は、パナマにおいて、その規模は別にして、可能となっていたことを傍証した。すなわち、この時代には、連続して閘門をつなぎ大きな水位差を克服する技術や大きな水圧に耐える鋼鉄製ゲート、近代測量技術、コンクリート技術などがほぼ確立し、水路掘削に不可欠な掘削機械、浚渫船、ダイナマイトなども登場した。第三に、何故、近代運河に鋼鉄製ゲートが必要となってきたかについて分析した。すなわち、伝統的なヨーロッパの閘門式運河では、その水位差が5mになると限界に達するという経験則があったが、本論では、その原因の一つがゲートの材質にあることを明らかにし、中米地峡運河実現のためには鋼鉄製ゲートが必要であったことを傍証した。第四に、閘門をコンクリート構造にすることによって、大型の閘門と給水用のダムが可能になったことも明らかにした。すなわち、19世紀末からフランスとアメリカによって行われた現パナマ運河のプロトタイプの計画から、重力式コンクリート構造が不可欠となった背景とその技術水準を分析した。第五に、パナマ運河の最近の計画と掘削土量の変遷について評価し、将来の運河のあり方を示唆した。

著者

SuYeon Roh Sukhoon Yoon Joo Nyeon Kim Hee Sung Lim

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.12, pp.3463-3467, 2016 (Released:2016-12-27)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

5

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[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the effects of an 8-week modified Pilates program on the variability of inter-joint coordination in the elderly during walking. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty elderly participants with no recent history of orthopedic abnormalities (age, 67.9 ± 2.7 years; height, 163.7 ± 8.9 cm; weight, 67.1 ± 11.6 kg) were recruited for this study and randomly allocated to a modified Pilates exercise group or a control group. Three-dimensional motion analysis was performed on both groups to evaluate the effects of the Pilates exercise. [Results] There was no significant difference in the joint variability of the ankle, knee, and hip joints between the groups, both before training and after training. However, there was a significant increase in the hip-knee deviation phase value in the exercise group after the program was completed, and this increase was also significant when compared with that in the control group. [Conclusion] This study has demonstrated that an 8-week modified Pilates exercise program can have a positive impact on the gait of elderly participants, potentially by enhancing neuromuscular adjustment, which may have positive implications for reducing their fall risk.

著者

宮口 侗廸 中川 秀一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地理学会

雑誌

E-journal GEO (ISSN:18808107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.316-319, 2016-09-30 (Released:2016-10-11)

被引用文献数

1

著者

設楽 研也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.1, pp.3-9, 2009 (Released:2009-01-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

6 11

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Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), a lytic attack on antibody-targeted cells, is triggered upon binding of lymphocyte receptors (FcγRs) to the antibody constant region. ADCC is considered to be a major therapeutic function of antibodies. ADCC requires the presence of oligosaccharides in the Fc region and is sensitive to change in the oligosaccharide structure. We have demonstrated that fucose is the most critical IgG1 oligosaccharide component, and the removal of fucose from IgG1 oligosaccharides results in a very significant enhancement of ADCC and anti-tumor activity in vivo. Many therapeutic antibodies approved or clinical development are produced using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that express high level of α1,6-fucosyltransferase and consequently produce highly fucosylated antibodies. We have established the fucosyltransferase knockout CHO cells which could stably produce non-fucosylated antibodies, designated as Potelligent antibodies. Potelligent antibodies show potent ADCC upon target cells through the effective and antigen-specific activation of NK cells due to augmented binding to FcγRIIIa. Moreover, Potelligent antibodies can evade the inhibitory effect of plasma IgG on ADCC through its high FcγRIIIa binding. Thus, the application of Potelligent antibodies is expected to be a promising approach as next-generation therapeutic antibodies with improved efficacy, even when administered at low doses in humans in vivo.

著者

保 聖子 杉田 毅 鶴田 和弘 福田 裕 木村 郁夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.3, pp.454-460, 2012 (Released:2012-06-15)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2 7

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蓄養サバ流通品を調査した結果,氷蔵 9 h 後でも筋肉の ATP 濃度は高く維持され高品質を示した。そこで,まき網で漁獲されたゴマサバを短期蓄養した場合の品質に与える影響を検討するため,漁獲ストレスの影響とその回復について検証した。生け簀で 20 分間の強制運動をさせた後,72 h 蓄養し,体内代謝変化を測定した。強制運動により血漿コルチゾル濃度や筋肉乳酸濃度は上昇するが,蓄養により低下し,肝臓グリコーゲン濃度も回復した。一方,筋肉 ATP 濃度は,強制運動直後でも高い値を示し,蓄養による変化は認められなかった。

著者

小島 真志

出版者

公益社団法人 日本コンクリート工学会

雑誌

コンクリート工学 (ISSN:03871061)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.9, pp.61-64, 2008-09-01 (Released:2013-04-26)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2

著者

舘田 一博

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.102, no.11, pp.2908-2914, 2013-11-10 (Released:2014-11-10)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1 1

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耐性菌の増加と蔓延が進行する中で,新しい抗菌薬の開発が進まない状況が深刻な問題となっている.米国では“2020年までに10薬剤の開発”をスローガンに,産官学の連携の中で抗菌薬開発促進の動きがみられている.その1例が2011年に施行されたGAIN法であり,この法律により耐性菌感染症に対する新しい治療薬に対して5年間の排他的(独占)販売期間の延長が認められた.日本でも,創薬促進検討委員会が立ち上がり,感染症関連学会,行政(厚生労働省,文部科学省,経済産業省),製薬企業との意見交換がスタートした.これまで世界標準の抗菌薬を多数創出してきた日本企業の知的・人的・物的リソースを生かす抗菌薬開発の環境整備が,今求められている.

著者

藤岡 伸明

出版者

オーストラリア学会

雑誌

オーストラリア研究 (ISSN:09198911)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.63-79, 2014-03-20 (Released:2017-05-10)

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Since the 1980s, the Japanese food industry in Australia has developed dramatically, and Japanese-style food such as sushi and sashimi has become popular among the Australian population. Although previous research has studied the reasons for this phenomenon, it has overlooked the significance of the recruitment of Japanese to work in the industry. Taking this research trend into consideration, this study examines the process by which Japanese working holiday-makers (WHMs) who work in the Japanese food industry in Australia travel to the country, in addition to their working situation in Australia. In doing so, it attempts to conceptualize the role of the Australia-Japan working holiday program in the development of the industry. The author conducted fieldwork in Australia as part of this study. This included an interview survey of Japanese WHMs and participant observation of a Japanese restaurant in Melbourne. The data collected through this fieldwork produced the following three findings: 1) Highly-skilled Japanese workers such as chefs and managers tend to travel to Australia on working holiday visas, and change their status of residence to working visas when they are sure of their working and living situations in Australia; 2) Japanese WHMs tend to accept low-paid jobs in the Japanese food industry, for example as kitchen hands and waiters, due mainly to their lack of English skills; 3) Japanese WHMs who take on low-paid jobs in the industry are trying to improve the quality of their working lives through self-help efforts and collective action, for example by seeking complementary rewards, creating original games, enjoying conversation with customers, and receiving informal support from managers. They are attempting to gain a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction through such activities instead of demanding that their employers improve their working conditions. These findings have led to the conclusion that the Australia-Japan working holiday program plays two roles in the development of the Japanese food industry in Australia. First, it facilitates matching between highly-skilled workers and employers. Second, it provides a pool of cheap and obedient workers for the industry. Employers can take advantage of the program both to recruit highly-skilled workers and to reduce labor costs.

著者

赤間 大地 土山 聡宏 高木 節雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.5, pp.230-235, 2017 (Released:2017-04-30)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

8

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The dislocation strengthening was estimated by applying the dislocation theory for a Fe-18%Ni alloy which has a lath martensitic structure. The yield stress of highly dislocated metals is dependent on both the friction stress and the dislocation strengthening. Regarding the coefficient of dislocation strengthening, it is governed by the shear modulus of metals. Ni addition plays a role in increasing the friction stress but decreases the shear modulus. This means that the coefficient of dislocation strengthening is smaller in the Fe-18%Ni alloy than pure iron. It was confirmed that the yield stress, which was experimentally obtained in Fe-18%Ni alloy, is reasonably explained by the mechanism of dislocation strengthening, taking the effects of Ni into consideration. On the other hand, in the case of lath martensite with a dislocation density of 2×1015 /m2, it was also found that the effect of Ni addition does not appear on the yield stress because the increment of solid solution strengthening is cancelled out by the decrement of dislocation strengthening.

著者

川田 望 高橋 悟

出版者

日本大学医学会

雑誌

日大医学雑誌 (ISSN:00290424)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.3, pp.142-145, 2013-06-01 (Released:2014-12-20)

参考文献数

19

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The objective this review is to present an overview of current practice in the management of erectile dysfunction and discuss the evidence supporting the clinical effectiveness of these pharmacological treatments. Since sildenafil was introduced more than 10 years ago, highly selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) have changed the medical management of erectile dysfunction (ED). Effective treatment of ED may restore quality of life and allow patients to return to the sex life they had before. Current therapeutic management includes oral therapies. Oral administration of PDE5i is considered the first-line treatment for ED. PDE5i can elevate the levels of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum and effectively improve ED of various causes and degrees. Three types of PDE5i are currently available, sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil. All of them are effective, with similar efficacy and safety profiles. The use of sildenafil citrate (Viagra®) resulted in a 76% successful intercourse rate with treatment, compared with 22% in a control group. Patients receiving 5, 10 or 20 mg vardenafil (Levitra®) experienced significantly improved erections, with 85% of 20mg vardenafil cases reporting improved erectile function, compared with 28% of placebo cases. The characteristics of this treatment are well known for their immediate effect. On the other hand, management of ED with Tadalafil (Chalis®) is characterized by long-term efficacy and easy acceptance by patients and their partners. Tadalafil is also efficacious in the improvement of male lower urinary tract symptoms, and has been licensed for such symptoms in Europe.

著者

岩尾 俊兵 中野 優

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター

雑誌

赤門マネジメント・レビュー (ISSN:13485504)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.105-116, 2017 (Released:2017-04-25)

参考文献数

19

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産業における技術革新はどのように発生し競争環境にどのような影響を及ぼすのだろうか。上記の研究課題に対し、3産業のパネルデータを用いて接近したのがTushman and Anderson (1986) である。彼らの発見は、産業において長期間のインクリメンタルな技術変化が断続的で「ラディカル」な技術革新によって中断され、また、技術革新にはある産業に属する企業が既存の能力で対応可能な、①能力増強型とそうでない、②能力破壊型のものがあるというものである。ただし、彼らはラディカルか否かの判断を特定指標の向上率で行っており、図表の作り方によってはラディカルなイノベーションというよりも連続的な技術のブレークスルーのようなものを測定している可能性もある。それによって技術変化が競争環境に与える影響を一部見逃しているかもしれない。

著者

杉山 広

出版者

公益社団法人 日本食品衛生学会

雑誌

食品衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00156426)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.6, pp.285-291, 2010-12-25 (Released:2011-01-07)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1 2

著者

田中 大貴

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.21-24, 2013-08-31 (Released:2017-02-24)

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Whether people punish an unfair partner has been investigated using the ultimatum game, in which a proposer makes an offer of how to divide a fixed amount of money between him/herself and a responder, and the responder decides whether to accept or reject the proposer's offer. Previous studies have revealed that it is the proposer's unfair intention, rather than the unfair offer itself, that increases the rejection rate. However, all of the previous studies employed the strategy method, wherein the responders had to decide whether to reject various offers before examining the proposer's actual offer. The primary purpose of the present study was to examine whether the effect of unfair intention would be replicated when the responders made their decision upon receipt of the proposer's offer. Accordingly, in the present study, participants received an unfair offer (i.e., the proposer would take 90% of the resource) that was made intentionally or unintentionally, and then decided whether to accept it. The result showed that the unfair offer was rejected more frequently in the intention condition than the no-intention condition.

著者

巻 俊宏 近藤 逸人 浦 環 坂巻 隆 水島 隼人 柳澤 政生

出版者

海洋調査技術学会

雑誌

海洋調査技術 (ISSN:09152997)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.1_13-1_25, 2009 (Released:2010-10-18)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2

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The authors have proposed an innovative method to navigate an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) for visual mapping of seafloor with high positioning accuracy without using any vision-based matching. The proposed method was implemented in the AUV Tri-Dog 1 and sea experiments were carried out at Tagiri vent field, Kagoshima bay in Japan (Maki et al., 2008). Based on the success of the experiments, a series of dives was carried out at the same place. The AUV Tri-Dog 1 succeeded in 12 fully autonomous dives with a total duration of 29 hours. The vehicle took 9,288 pictures of the seafloor, keeping the altitude of 1.2 m with a surge speed of 0.08 m/s. A photomosaic of the seafloor was created by mapping 7,289 pictures based on the real-time estimates of the AUV state, without any pictorial correlation. The distributions of detailed features such as tube-worm colonies and bacteria mats are clearly shown. The photomosaic covers around 3,000 square meters. To the knowledge of the authors, this is one of the largest underwater photomosaic ever reported. The mapping accuracy was estimated to be 0.3 to 0.8 m based on the comparison of the photomosaic between dives.